葡萄糖酸钙治vc荨麻疹:with复合结构解题思路点拨

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with复合结构解题思路点拨

 


   2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(陕西卷)英语试题中有这样一道题:
  With no one to________in such a frightening situation she felt very helpless.
  A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn to
   答案是D。该题看似考查动词短语的辨析,而实际上它还考查了turn tono one之间的逻辑关系, 亦即with复合结构的用法。
  我们知道, 英语中“with +宾语+宾语补足语是一种独立结构, 也称“with复合结构 在句中主要作状语, 表示条件、原因、伴随情况、行为方式、让步等, 有时也可作定语, 其构成为:
  with +名词/代词+ V-ing / V-ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep.
  
  一、With + n./ pron. + V-ing
  With the boy leading us we had no difficulty in finding his house.
  由那个男孩子领路, 我们不费力就找到他家。
  In part of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
  在亚洲的一些地方, 你坐着的时候, 脚不能指着另一个人。
  思路点拨:当with后的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主谓关系, 宾语是宾语补足语的执行者, 而且表示动作正在发生时,宾语补足语用V-ing形式。例如:
  I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise________. (2005年北京卷)
  A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
  分析:noisego on 之间具有主谓关系, go on动作正在进行, 故答案为A
  
  二、With + n. / pron. + V-ed
  With his work done he went home.
  做完工作, 他就回家了。
  With the key lost I could not enter the house.
  钥匙丢了, 我进不了屋。
  思路点拨:with后的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系, 即宾语是宾语补足语的承受者而是表示一个被动的动作已经发生时,宾语补足语用过去分词V-ed。例如:
  It was a pity that the great writer died________his works unfin-ished. (2004年福建卷)
   A. for B. with C. from D. of
  分析:题意为遗憾的是,那位伟大的作家没有完成他的作品就去世了 his worksunfinished具有逻辑上的被动关系, 选填with 复合结构作状语表示行为方式, 答案是B
  
  三、With + n. / pron. + to do
  With only one minute to go the children rushed into the class-room.
  只剩下一分钟了, 孩子们冲进教室。
  With a lot of work to do she is busy day and night.
  有大量工作要做, 她日夜奔忙。
  思路点拨:with后的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系, 即宾语是宾语补足语的执行者或承受者,而且是将要发生的动作时, 宾语补足语要用不定式充当。例如:
  With a lot of difficult problems________ the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (2002年上海春季卷)
  A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
  分析:题意为有许多难题要解决, 新当选的总统日子不好过problemssettle之间具有动宾关系, settle是将要发生的动作,故答案是C
  
  四、With + n. / pron. + adj./ adv./ prep.
  I’m used to sleeping with the window open.
  我习惯于开窗户睡觉。
  How lonely I shall feel with you away.
  你要走了我该多么寂寞。
  He said it with tears in his eyes.
  他说这话时, 眼里含着泪水。
  思路点拨:with后的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上具有主动关系,而且宾语补足语表示状态时宾语补足语可选用形容词、副词或介词短语充当。
  production up by 60% the company has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000)
  A. As B. For C. With D. Through
  分析:题意为由于产量提高了60%,公司又有了一个很不错的年景。独立结构作原因状语,选填C
  最后需指出的是,with复合结构中的with可以省去,其作用意义不变。
   I send you 100 dollars today the rest________in a year. (2005年湖南卷)
  A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
  分析:题意为我今天先给你100美元, 其余的过一年再还the restfollow具有主谓关系, follow为将要发生的动作, 故答案为C