2017罗宾汉牧马人四门:主谓一致

主谓一致

一、 主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语动词在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

1、语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词也应为单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词为复数形式。例如：

My father is a baseballplayer.

They go to school on footevery day .

2、意义一致原则：主语形式上为单数，意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式上为复数，但表单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

Maths is his favoritesubject .

The police have caught thethief.

3、就近一致原则： 谓语动词的单、复数取决于靠近它的主语。例如：

Not only David but also hisparents like playing chess.

There is a pen and somebooks on the desk .

二、    主谓一致常见题型

1、单数名词或代词、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

My life has changed a lot inthe last few years.

Students need strict rules.

2、时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等作主语，表示的是整体概念，谓语动词为单数。例如：

Two months is a longholiday.

    Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy .

    Five plus four is one .

3、动词不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如

Being blind, deaf, unable towalk or use your hands easily is something that most people can’t imagine.

Receivingmoney makes me uncomfortable.

To say is one thing, to dois another.

4、不定代词something、  anything 、 nothing、 everything 、somebody、  anybody、  nobody、  everybody等作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：

There is something wrongwith your ears.

Ifsomeone has thought about a gift for me, it always makes me happy .

5、以 -s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语动词用单数。如单词maths  news physics 等。例如：

No news is good news.

Mathsis her favourite subject.

  6、Each 、either、neither、another等作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：

Every dog has its day .

Neitherof them is good at running .

7、连词both     …and… 作主语，谓语动词用复数。连词either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…but also…连接两个名词或代词作主语，用就近性原则。例如：

Both his father and hismother enjoy living China .

Eitheryou or I am wrong .

Notonly the students ,but also the teacher likes the music.

8、There be句型也为就近性原则，be由靠近它的名词决定。例如：

There is a brush and twobooks on the teacher’s desk .

There are two books and abrush on the teacher’s desk.

9、区分： a number of + 名词复数，谓语动词用复数。

 the number of + 名词复数，谓语动词用单数 。例如：

The number of the workers inthis factory is 5000.

A number of people havewarned children the danger of smoking .

10、主语含有with、together with、as well as 、rather than、besides、except 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由介词前的部分决定。例如：

Mr Black with his wife hasgone to Japen.

Allthe students except Lily are watching the football match .

11、集体名词 people 、police等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 但 family 、class、team、group 等作主语时，若表示的是整体，谓语动词用单数；若表示的是具体的成员，谓语动词用复数。例如：

The Chinese people areworkinghard and brave.

The family are watching TVnow, it’s a happy family .

12、kind of 、pair of 、glass of 等表确定数量名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind、pair、glass等一致。例如：

This pair of shoes looksgood on me .

    This kind of bikes sells well .

13、The +形容词表一类人时，谓语动词用复数。若表示的是抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：

The poor were not able tobuy it .

Thebeautiful lives forever.

14、定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致。例如：

Iprefer music that has great lyrics.

Mumlikes musicians who write their own songs.

Exercise:

1.    look! Ann with her mother ___ in the park .

A is walking  B are walking C  walk  D walks

2. There are manytrees ___ of the road ! And ___ of the tree is growing larger and larger .

A  on both side, a number   B on each sides, a number

C  on both sides, the number D on every side,the number 

3. Neither you norLily ___ to the Great Wall before .

A  have gone B has gone C has been D have been

4. He has afriend who ___ the piano very well .

A play  B plays C playing D played

5. ___ his father__ his mother enjoy living in China .

A Both, and BNeither, nor C Either , or D Not , but

6. I think not onlyJim but also I __ right .

  No , I don’t think so . Neither of you ___right .

A are,are  B am, are C are, is D am, is

7. 300 dollars amonth __ not enough to live on .

A are  B is  Chas  D have

8. Travelingaround the city by taxi ___ much .

A  cost  Bcosts  C take  D takes.

9. A lot oftime___on TV last night.

A paid  B was paid C spent  D was spent

10. In the city ,the old ___  .

A  take good care of   B  aretaken good care of

C  is taken good care of  D are been taken good care of  

Answers：1—5 ACBBA    6—10 DBBDB