宝安机场到首都机场:质量管理八大原则原则（下）——希赛网软件工程频道软件质量栏目

质量管理八大原则原则（下）

作者：孙云 （来源：希赛网）  http://www.csai.cn  2005年03月02日   Principle 5 System approach to management
  原则5 管理的系统方法
  Identifying, understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organization‘s effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its objectives.
  对相关的过程，作为一个系统，来进行识别、理解和管理。这将有助于组织有效力地和有效率地达到它的目标。
  Key benefits:
  关键好处：
  · Integration and alignment of the processes that will best achieve the desired results.
  整合各个过程将最好地得到期望的结果。
  · Ability to focus effort on the key processes.
  关注于关键过程的能力。
  · Providing confidence to interested parties as to the consistency, effectiveness and efficiency of the organization.
  为相关利益团体在组织的连续性、有效力和有效率方面提供信心。
  Applying the principle of system approach to management typically leads to:
  应用管理的系统方法原则通常需要：
  · Structuring a system to achieve the organization‘s objectives in the most effective and efficient way.
  用最有效力和效率达到组织目标的方法来构建系统。
  · Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system.
  了解系统各过程之间的依赖关系。
  · Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes.
  用结构化的方法来协调和集成各过程。
  · Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers.
  提供对达成共同目标必要的角色和职责更好的理解，从而减少交叉职能部门之间的障碍。
  · Understanding organizational capabilities and establishing resource constraints prior to action.
  了解组织能力，在行动前确定资源限制投条件。
  · Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate.
  明确和定义特定的活动如何在系统中展开。
  · Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation.
  通过测试和评估持续地改进系统。
  Principle 6 Continual improvement
  原则6 持续改进
  Continual improvement of the organization‘s overall performance should be a permanent objective of the organization.
  持续改进组织的总体绩效应该是组织的永恒的目标。
  Key benefits:
  关键好处：
  · Performance advantage through improved organizational capabilities.
  通过改进组织能力获得业绩优势。
  · Alignment of improvement activities at all levels to an organization‘s strategic intent.
  在各层级合作展开改进活动为组织战略目标服务。
  · Flexibility to react quickly to opportunities.
  适应性以快速对机会做出反应。
  Applying the principle of continual improvement typically leads to:
  应用持续改进原则通常需要：
  · Employing a consistent organization-wide approach to continual improvement of the organization‘s performance.
  在全组织使用一致的方法来持续地改进组织的业绩。
  · Providing people with training in the methods and tools of continual improvement.
  对员工进行持续改进方法和工具的培训。
  · Making continual improvement of products, processes and systems an objective for every individual in the organization.
  把对产品、过程和系统进行持续改进作为组织每一个员工的一个工作目标。
  · Establishing goals to guide, and measures to track, continual improvement.
  建立目标来指导，测量来跟踪持续改进。
  · Recognizing and acknowledging improvements.
  认可和报偿改进。
  Principle 7 Factual approach to decision making
  原则7 基于事实的决策
  Effective decisions are based on the analysis of data and information.
  有效的决定都是基于对数据和信息的分析的。
  Key benefits:
  关键好处：
  · Informed decisions.
  基于可靠信息的决定。
  · An increased ability to demonstrate the effectiveness of past decisions through reference to factual records.
  具有增强的能力来通过引用事实的记录展示过去决策有效性。
  · Increased ability to review, challenge and change opinions and decisions.
  具有增强的能力去评审、挑战和改变意见和决定。
  Applying the principle of factual approach to decision making typically leads to:
  应用基于事实的决策原则通常需要：
  · Ensuring that data and information are sufficiently accurate and reliable.
  确保数据和信息足够的正确和可靠。
  · Making data accessible to those who need it.
  需要使用数据的人员能得到相关数据。
  · Analysing data and information using valid methods.
  应用有效的方法分析数据和信息。
  · Making decisions and taking action based on factual analysis, balanced with experience and intuition.
  决策和行动基于事实的分析，平衡经验和直觉。
  Principle 8 Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
  原则8 互利的供应商关系
  An organization and its suppliers are interdependent and a mutually beneficial relationship enhances the ability of both to create value.
  组织和它的供应商是相互依赖的。互利互助的关系增强了双方创造价值的能力。
  Key benefits:
  关键好处：
  · Increased ability to create value for both parties.
  增强双方创造价值的能力。
  · Flexibility and speed of joint responses to changing market or customer needs and expectations.
  联合应对变化的市场和客户需求期望的适应性和速度。
  · Optimization of costs and resources.
  成本和资源的优化。
  Applying the principles of mutually beneficial supplier relationships typically leads to:
  应用互利的供应商关系原则通常需要：
  · Establishing relationships that balance short-term gains with long-term considerations.
  基于平衡短期和长期收益，建立相互关系。
  · Pooling of expertise and resources with partners.
  和伙伴共享和汇集技术专长和资源。
  · Identifying and selecting key suppliers.
  识别和选择关系供应商。
  · Clear and open communication.
  畅通和开放地进行沟通。
  · Sharing information and future plans.
  共享信息和未来计划。
  · Establishing joint development and improvement activities.
  建立共同发展和改进的活动。
  · Inspiring, encouraging and recognizing improvements and achievements by suppliers.
  激发、鼓励和认可供应商的改进和成就。