一代导弹预警卫星升空2011-05-08 08:49:56阿特拉斯V成功发射SBIRS GEO－1 
美国东部时间2011年5月7日14点10分，一枚美国联合发射同盟（ULA）的阿特拉斯V型（采用401配置）运载火箭从弗罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角的SLC－41工位发射升空，将美国空军（USAF）的SBIRS GEO－1（天基红外系统地球同步轨道1号卫星）成功送入预定轨道。本次发射经历过多次推迟，最近一次是在5月6日，当天因为天气原因，发射活动被推迟到了5月7日。在发射后15秒，该火箭的RD－180主发动机产生了86万磅推力。发射后40秒，阿特拉斯V型火箭的轰鸣声在整个卡纳维拉尔角回响，遥测显示发动机工作正常。发射后84秒，火箭速度达到1马赫。发射后95秒通过最大气动上升压力区。发射后3分25秒，由于燃料消耗，火箭的重量只有发射时的四分之一。发射后4分06秒，第一级RD－180主发动机完成了燃烧。发射后4分14秒，阿特拉斯V型火箭的第一级已经抛掉，半人马上面级发动机准备启动。发射后4分32秒，阿特拉斯V型火箭的蚌式整流罩已经分离。在发射后4分25秒，半人马上面级已经点火启动，RL－10发动机开始在全推力状态下工作，进入了本次发射预定的两次点火中的第一次。发射后13分25秒，半人马上面级工作正常，火箭沿发射方向飞行了2083英里，速度在15749英里每小時。发射后15分35秒，主发动机第一次关机（MECO 1），半人马上面级的主发动机已经关闭，火箭基本上在绕地飞行。发射后24分20秒，主发动机再次点火启动，RL－10发动机开始将SBIRS GEO－1送往部署轨道，发动机将运行4分钟。发射后28分14秒，主发动机第二次关机（MECO 2），半人马上面级已经完成了今天的第二次启动。发射后29分钟，半人马上面级开始调整姿态，准备释放载荷。发射后30分钟，尽管半人马上面级的工作已经完成，但是载荷不会立即部署，这个过程将持续15分钟，当火箭通过非洲和马达加斯加，进入迪戈加西亚跟踪站的测控范围后才会释放载荷。发射后43分20秒，半人马上面级开始以每秒1度进行旋转，准备释放载荷。发射后43分25秒，航天器分离，半人马上面级将SBIRS GEO－1卫星送入预定轨道。在完成本次发射后，美国联合发射同盟和美国空军发表声明称赞这次成功的发射。关于SBIRS（天基红外系统卫星） 
SBIRS GEO－1集成照片SBIRS是美国空军最高优先级的空间项目之一，目的在于提供全球持久红外监视能力，以满足21世纪美国国家安全领域的四个要素：1、导弹预警，SBIRS可以向美国总统、国防部、作战指挥官和其它用户提供明确、及时和精准的战略导弹威胁告警信息。2、导弹防御，SBIRS可以提供关键信息，以有效支持导弹防御系统的操作，以应对威胁。3、技术情报，SBIRS可以向战略指挥官和作战指挥官们、情报圈子和其它方面提供特征红外（IR）信号，现象与威胁性能数据。4、战场意识，SBIRS星座可以向作战指挥官们、联合特遣部队指挥官们和其它用户提供全面的红外数据，帮助赋予战场支持部队防御、攻击规划和其它任务的条件。SBIRS架构包括大椭圆轨道（HEO）主传感器载荷，地球同步轨道（GEO）专用卫星，以及相关的地面用于接收、处理、提供红外情报以供决策者使用的基础设施。SBIRS项目团队由美国空军空间和导弹系统中心的红外空间系统主管负责领导。洛克希德．马丁公司是SBIRS项目的主承包商，诺斯罗普．格鲁曼公司是载荷集成商。美国空军空间司令部负责操作SBIRS系统。本次是2011年阿特拉斯V型运载火箭的第3次发射，下一次阿特拉斯V型火箭的发射计划在2011年8月5日，将从卡纳维拉尔角发射美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的朱诺木星探测器。 
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2011-05-08 09:53:25: Reno (解构现实的逻辑，创造未来的生活)
SLC－41工位感觉很现代啊。。。周围４个小铁塔是什么东东？
2011-05-08 10:03:36: Reno (解构现实的逻辑，创造未来的生活)
Complex 41 / LC-41
Now known as SLC-40 and SLC-41, these complexes were built as part of an Integrate-Transfer-Launch (ITL) facility and are located at the north end of CCAS. The primary facilities in the ITL area include the Vertical Integration Build (VIB) (where the core vehicles and payloads are assembled); the Solid Motor Assembly Building (SMAB) (where the solid motors are built up from their individual segments); the Solid Motor Assembly and Readiness Facility (SMARF) (where the core vehicles and the solids are mated); and the pad’s themselves. When these facilities were initially constructed in the early 60’s, they supported the TITAN IIIC vehicle. Since that time, and with required upgrades, they supported the TITAN 34D and TITAN IV.
NASA and the Department of Defense signed an agreement in January 1963 which acknowledged the Air Force's jurisdiction over all TITAN III construction at the north end of Cape Canaveral. Though TITAN Complex 41 extended across the Cape Canaveral boundary into NASA's territory on Merritt Island, all property within Complex 41's security fence and along the access road to the site was considered part of the Air Force's Titan III program. Put simply, NASA had jurisdiction over the Merritt Island Launch Area, the SATURN program and SATURN facilities on Merritt Island and Cape Canaveral. The Air Force had jurisdiction over Cape Canaveral, the TITAN III program and all TITAN III facilities, including Complex 41.
Following the first TITAN IIIC launch from LC-40 in June 1965, the Martin Company and its sub-contractors were hard at work on Complex 41 to prepare that facility for its first TITAN IIIC launch in December. Complex 41 was accepted by the Air Force on 15 December 1965, and the first TITAN IIIC lifted off Pad 41 on December 21st. The flight met most of its test objectives, including the successful release of the LES-3 and LES-4 communications satellites and the OSCAR IV (amateur radio) satellite. Two more TITAN IIIC missions were launched from Complex 41 on 16 June and 26 August 1966.
Since the Air Force intended to use Complex 40 for its Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) flights, Complex 41 eventually supported all the TITAN IIIC missions launched from the Cape between the beginning of 1967 and the end of the decade.
Complex 41 supported only a handful of TITAN III missions before it was deactivated at the end of 1977.
Complex 41 was used for a VIKING simulator mission and a HELIOS solar mission in 1974, two VIKING missions to Mars in 1975, another HELIOS mission in 1976 and two VOYAGER missions to the outer planets in 1977. The 1975 TITAN IIIE/CENTAUR launch series comprising the VIKING missions to Mars and, in 1977, the VOYAGER missions to the outer planets.
Deactivated from 1977 to 1986, pad 41 was refurbished and upgraded to support the Titan IV program. Complex 41 was refurbished for the TITAN IV program during the last half of the 1980s, but its first TITAN IV launch did not take place until 14 June 1989 -- almost 12 years after it was used to launch the VOYAGER missions to the outer planets.
Pad 41 was selected as the site for the Lockheed Martin proposed EELV Atlas common core vehicle configuration. The Titan launch tower at LC-41 was torn down and replaced with launch facilities for the Atlas V.
The ATLAS V program achieved a major milestone at Cape Canaveral on 24 October 1998 when the U.S. Government granted Lockheed Martin its Right of Entry (ROE) to Complex 41. In support of the overall effort, the 3rd Space Launch Squadron and 45th Civil Engineer Squadron worked with ten separate contractors and representatives from Air Force Space Command, Air Force Materiel Command, and the National Reconnaissance Office to complete Complex 41’s deactivation.
As part of the deactivation process, technicians flushed all fuel lines on the complex, and workers shipped out approximately 20 train carloads of soil for sanitizing and reuse. On 14 October 1999, the Olshan Demolishing Company used 180 pounds of explosives to topple the site’s old TITAN IV Mobile Service Tower (MST) and Umbilical Tower (UT). Workers gleaned about $2.5 million worth of salvage from the complex before the event, and they removed approximately 8 million pounds of steel following the demolition. In all, 72 days were required to completely decommission the site’s hypergolic propellant systems. Officials deactivated the complex 42 days ahead of schedule.
With a workforce of nearly 500, Lockheed Martin and its assistant contractor, Hensel Phelps, completed facility modifications for the ATLAS V in the spring of 2001. On the Vehicle Integration Facility (VIF) site 1,800 feet south of Complex 41, workers poured more than 1,500 cubic yards of concrete on 27 March 1999 to create the VIF slab. By the end of 1999, construction reached the 250-foot level of the 292-foot VIF structure. Construction was also underway on the Entry Control Building (ECB) and the HVAC (Air-conditioning and Humidity Control) Shelter, just south of the VIF. Workers “topped off” the VIF in early March 2000, and they started building the new Mobile Launch Platform (MLP) south of the VIF during the summer of 2000.
As its name implied, the VIF was used to stack and integrate the ATLAS V on the Mobile Launch Platform. In accordance with Lockheed Martin’s new steamlined procedures, VIF operations began about nine days before workers rolled the vehicle out to the pad. The ATLAS V was ready to go when it departed the VIF, and the vehicle could be launched a mere 12 hours later. Since most of the ATLAS V Aerospace Ground Equipment (AGE) resided in the VIF and the ATLAS V Spaceflight Operations Center, very little ground equipment was exposed to blast damage in the event of a launch mishap or accident on the pad. The new design promoted safety, efficiency, and flexibility.
Work was underway in 2000 to renovate the Missile Inert Storage (MIS) Building to accommodate the ATLAS V Launch Control Center (LCC) and Mission Director’s Center (MDC). Upon completion, company officials renamed the MIS the ATLAS V Spaceflight Operations Center (ASOC). Workers delivered and installed a 42,000-gallon liquid hydrogen tank and two 45,000-gallon stainless steel RP-1 fuel tanks in the fall of 2000. A 465,000-gallon liquid oxygen spherical tank was in place before the end of the year.
The four-story-tall ASOC was located four miles from the launch pad. It replaced 13 old ATLAS facilities, and it gathered customer support, vehicle checkout, and launch control operations under one roof. The ASOC included a two-story amphitheater, a Mission Operations Center, a two-story launch control center, and various management/engineering support rooms. With 30,000 square feet of floor space, the ASOC could process up to six ATLAS Vs at a time. Since most checkout operations would be completed at Lockheed Martin’s Denver plant before the ATLAS V was shipped, checkout at the ASOC might require as little as one day of work for each vehicle.
By the time the first ATLAS V arrived in early June 2001, Complex 41 was ready to begin pathfinder operations. Unlike Boeing, Lockheed Martin decided to use its first Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (designated AV-001) as both a pathfinder and a launch vehicle. The first ATLAS V booster and upper stage arrived at the Cape during the first week of June 2001. After several weeks of booster and facility tests in the ASOC, technicians moved the ATLAS V to the VIF in October 2001. They stacked the vehicle on the Mobile Launch Platform, and they added a payload simulator to the vehicle in early November 2001.
Following additional facility tests in the VIF, workers destacked the ATLAS V and returned it to the ASOC for final horizontal checkout and avionics installation in December 2001. Technicians erected AV-001 again on 22 February 2002 and the operational AV-001 was rolled out to Complex 41 on 6 and 7 March 2002.
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