汉字拼读软件:初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习                  

一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes the music. The music is quiet and gentle._______________________________

The people were very friendly to us. We met the people at the party.

_________________________________________________________________________

The coat is blue. I put on the coat the desk _______________________________________

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building is a supermarket. The building stands near thetrain station

_________________________________________________________________________

The film was wonderful. Wesaw the film last night.___________________________________

3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：

The girl is from England. The girl often helps mewith my English

_________________________________________________________________________

Mr. Liu is the teacher. Li Ming istalking to the teacher.

_________________________________________________________

4.Whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语.

He has a friend. The friend’s father is a doctor._______________________________

Please pass me the book. The book’s color is green._____________________________

5.关系词只能用that不用which.的情况：

1)被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时

例如：Is thereanything that you want to buy in the shop？

2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.

3)先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few等词修饰时

例如：This is thesame bike that I lost.

4)先行词里同时含有人或物时

例如：I canremember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

5).以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.

例如：Who is thegirl that is crying？

6)主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.

例如：There is abook on the desk that belongs to Tom.

6.关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：

1)先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：

What‘s that which is under the desk？

2)关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is theroom in which he lives.

3)引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：

Tom came back, which made ushappy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time. He arrived at thattime.____________________________________________

2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is the factory .He works in the factory. __________________________________________

3.why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason. He is often late for school for thereason.

_________________________________________________________

六、介词和关系代词

1.当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house .We lived in the house last year.

_________________________________________________________

Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine. You asked for the magazine.

_________________________________________________________

2.含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。如：look for, look after, take care of等

　This is the watch which/that I am looking for.

3.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that。

The man with whom you talked is my friend.

The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.

The city that she lives in is very far away.

4.某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。　  

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.　

This is the house where I lived two years ago.　

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.

This is the reason for which he came late.

七、非限制性定语从句

1.非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，前后都需要用逗号隔开。

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.　　

2.在非限定性定语从句中，现行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who, whom，不能用

that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which, 不能用that。

八、使用定语从句的几个误区

一）在使用定语从句时，有时会在从句中加上与关系代词同义的人称代词。如：　　

正：The film we saw last night was wonderful. 　　

误：The film we saw it last night was wonderful. 　　

二）在使用定语从句时，分不清是定语从句还是其他句式。　如：　

(  )1. Is this museum ___ youvisited a few days ago?

A.where B. that C. on which　D. the one

(  )2. Is this the museum ____ theexhibition was held?

　　A.where　B. that　C.on which　D. the one

三）误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人，它既可指人也可指物。如：　　

It was an island, whose name I haveforgotten.

四）关系代词与关系副词的用法区别

用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后必须要有宾语，则须用关系代词作宾语；而不及物动词后面不能跟宾语，就用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词。例如：　

This is the mountain village ________I stayed last year.　

This is the mountain village ________I visited last year.　

I'll never forget the days _________I worked together with you.　

I'll never forget the days ________I spent in the countryside.　

This is the reason________he often comes late.

There is no reason________he can find.

练习题：                                          姓名              

一、单项填空。

(  )1. -Do youknow the man ______is talking with your father？-Yes， he’s ourheadmaster.

　　  A. he B. who   C.which   D. whom

(  )2. Is thisthe river _____I can swim？

A. which   B.in which   C. that   D. the one

(  )3. This isthe best hotel in the city _____I know. 

A. where   B.which   C. that   D. it

(  )4. Can youlend me the dictionary ______the other day？

　　  A. that you bought    B. youbought it  C. that you boughtit   D. which you bought it

(  )5. Anyone______with what I said may put up you hands.

　　  A. which agrees   B. who agree  C. who agrees   D. which agree

(  )6. My watchis not the only thing ______ is missing. 

A. that   B.it   C. which   who

(  )7. The man______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’s   B.whose   C. that   of which.

(  )8. The girl______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

　　  A. which； is   B. whom；was   C. who； is   D. who； was

(  )9. I loveplaces ______the people are really friendly.

　　  A. that   B. which   C.where   D. who

(  )10. The world______ is made up of matter.

　　  A. in that we live   B. on which welive  C. where we live in   D.we live in

(  )11.—This is the bookthat I have read _______ many times. —But I have never read ____. 　　

A. it, ×            B. ×，it                C. it, it                 D. ×，×　　

(  )12.—Is this room ___________ helived in 5 years ago? 　　

—Isthis the room __________ he lived in 5 years ago? 　　

A. that,that                B. the one, theone            C. that, the one      D.the one, that　　

二、用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom等填空。

1.The first thing ____________you must do is to have a meal.

2.April 1st is the day __________is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

3.The family ___________had lost everything in a big fire got much help from theirfriends.

4.The house ___________we live in is very old.

5.Didn’t you see the man ____________I talked with just now？

三、改正下列句中的错误

1.Who’s the manyou just talked to him? 　　

2. Do you still remember the day when wespent together in China last year?
3.The book you lent it me yesterday was veryinteresting. 　　

4. We were interested in the things andpeople whom we saw during the trip.
5.He is the man whosehis wife died last year. 　　

6.This is the factory where I want to visit.

7.The reason that he can’t come is that he is ill.

8.. Is this factory that you havebeen working in since your graduation?
9. I am terribly sorry for having broken the MP4 I borrowed it from you theother day.
10. We will do all what we can to help you out.