laprairie冰晶眼霜:虫洞(维基百科)
来源:百度文库 编辑:偶看新闻 时间:2024/05/04 18:30:28
虫洞(Wormhole),或译作蛀孔或蠹孔[1],又称爱因斯坦-罗森桥,是宇宙中可能存在的连接两个不同时空的狭窄隧道。虫洞是1916年奥地利物理学家路德维希·弗莱姆首次提出的概念[2],1930年代由爱因斯坦及纳森·罗森在研究引力场方程时假设,认为透过虫洞可以做瞬时间的空间转移或者做时间旅行。迄今为止,科学家们还没有观察到虫洞存在的证据,一般认为这是由于很难和黑洞相区别。
为了与其他种类的虫洞进行区分,例如量子态的量子虫洞及弦论上的虫洞,一般通俗所称之“虫洞”应被称为“时空虫洞”,量子态的量子虫洞一般被称为“微型虫洞”,两者有很大的区分。
黑洞有一个特性,就是会在另一边得到所谓的“镜射宇宙”。爱因斯坦并不重视这个解,因为我们根本不可能通行。于是,连接两个宇宙的“爱因斯坦—罗森桥”(Einstein—Rosen bridge)被认为只是个数学技俩。
但是,在1963年时,新西兰的数学家罗伊·克尔的研究发现,假设任何崩溃的恒星都会旋转,则形成黑洞时,将会成为动态黑洞;史瓦西的静态黑洞并不是最佳的物理解法。然而,实际上恒星会变成扁平的结构,不会形成奇点。也就是说:重力场并非无限大。这使得我们得到了一个惊人的结论:如果我们将物体或太空船沿着旋转黑洞的旋转轴心发射进入,原则上,它可能可以熬过中心的重力场,并进入镜射宇宙。如此一来,爱因斯坦—罗森桥就如同连接时空两个区域的通道,也就是“虫洞”。
理论上,虫洞是连结白洞和黑洞的多维空间隧道,是无处不在,但转瞬即逝的。不过有人假想一种奇异物质可以使虫洞保持张开。也有人假设如果存在一种叫做幻影物质(Phantom matter)的奇异物质的话,因为其同时具有负能量和负质量,因此能创造排斥效应以防止虫洞关闭。这种奇异物质会使光发生偏转,成为发现虫洞的信号。但是这些理论存在过多未经测试的假设,很难令人信服[2]。
[编辑] 参考文献
- ^ 《何谓蛀孔》,国立交通大学官方网站
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Henry Gomm. Finding the door to a parallel universe. eurekalert. 30-Jan-2008 [2008-02-01].
- DeBenedictis, Andrew and Das, A.. On a General Class of Wormhole Geometries. arXiv eprint server [2005].
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[编辑] 外部链接
- 香港太空馆:什么是“虫洞”?
- 香港太空馆:黑洞:从幻想到现实
- Creating a Traversable Wormhole by Mohammad Mansouryar
- What exactly is a 'wormhole'? answered by Richard F. Holman, William A. Hiscock and Matt Visser.
- Why wormholes? by Matt Visser.
- Wormholes in General Relativity by Soshichi Uchii.
- New Improved Wormholes by John G. Cramer
- White holes and Wormholes provides a very good description of Schwarzschild wormholes with graphics and animations, by Andrew J. S. Hamilton.
- Questions and Answers about Wormholes a comprehensive wormhole FAQ by Enrico Rodrigo.
- Wormhole on arxiv.org
- [1] - Information about the theory the Large Hadron Collider could create a small wormhole. Possibly making time travel into the past possible.
- animation that simulates traversing a wormhole
- 天体物理学
- 广义相对论
- 黑洞
- 时间旅行
- 虫洞理论
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