偶看新闻有人生哲理的小故事:中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择——动词语态
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2011年全国各地110份中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择——动词语态
【基础知识】
☆.被动语态的构成
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。
(一) 基本构成
被动语态通常是由：“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。对于初中生而言，我们只需掌握常见的一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时的被动语态。
（二）其它结构
1.“get+过去分词”结构
这种结构，侧重于动作的结果，一般不带by短语。
In the end she got saved.
最后她得救了。
2.“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构
The fish must be put into the water.
鱼必须养在水中。
3.短语动词的被动结构
部分短语可以用于被动语态，但必须在意义上相当于一个及物动词。这部分短语可以是：“动词+介词”、“动词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”或“动词+名词+介词”形。
The man was laughed at for his mistake.
Bill is helped with his Chinese.
☆.被动语态的用法
下列情况使用被动语态：
1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时：
This computer was made in BeiJing.
这台电脑是北京制造的。
2）需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时：
I was hit by him just now.
我刚才被他打了。
3）动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时：
I was hit by a big stone.
我被石头砸了一下
☆.不用被动语态的情况
1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如：
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错） The price has been risen.
（对） The price has risen.
（错） The accident was happened last week.
（对） The accident happened last week.
（错） The price has raised.
（对） The price has been raised.
（错） Please seat.
（对） Please be seated.
2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。
4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。
5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：
（对） She likes to swim.
（错） To swim is liked by her.
☆.主动形式表示被动意义
1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。
Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如：
Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。
☆.被动形式表示主动意义
①be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：
e is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。
He got married to a rich girl.
②need/want/require/worth
当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
典型例题
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need （实意） +n /to do，need （情态）+ do，当为被动语态时，还可用need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。
☆.主动语态变为被动语态的方法
把主动结构改为被动语态，要作如下变动：
1)把主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语:
由于句型的不同，有以下几种情况：
①“主语+谓语动词+宾语”句型变被动语态
这一句型只有一个宾语，将主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语即可。
（主动） We bought a book yesterday.
（被动）The book was bought yesterday.
②“主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型变被动语态
这一句型有两个宾语，变成被动语态时，可将主动语态的一个宾语变为被动结构的主语，另一宾语不变。大多情况下，将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语的话，间接宾语前还需加介词to 或for。
（主动）He showed me (间接宾语) a book (直接宾语) yesterday.
（被动）The book was showed to me yesterday.
（被动）I was showed a book yesterday.
③“主语+谓语动词+复合宾语”句型变被动语态
这一句型含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动结构时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。
（主动）I found him (宾语) a good pupil.（宾语补足语）
（被动）He was found a good pupil. （主语补足语）
2）主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。注意两点：一是变为被动结构的谓语动词和原来主动结构的谓语动词在时态上相一致；二是变为被动结构的谓语动词要和被动结构中的主语在人称、数上相一致。
3）主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。
【真题荟萃】
【泸州市2011】5. The radio says a wild animal zoo is going to ____ in our city.
A. be built B. built C. build D. be building
答案：A
【解析】被动语态的用法。 根据主语和谓语动词的关系可以看出是被动形式；be gong to 后面跟动词原形，故选A。
【2011?四川成都】39. Because of the support from all over the country, beautiful new buildings here and there in the earthquake - hit areas in Sichuan.
A. can see B. can be seen C. will be seen
答案：B
【解析】考查被动语态。四川灾后建设已经是事实。故说“在四川地震灾区漂亮的新大楼到处都能（被）看到。can be seen 为含有情态动词的被动语态。
【2011?盐城】15. — How soon all the work ?
— In a week.
A. will… finish B. is…going to finish
C. will…be finished D. are…going to be finished
答案：C考查被动语态。问句的主语是all the work，所以应该用被动语态。排除A和B.又因为work时不可数名词，故排除D，选A。
【2011安徽芜湖】42. These days students in some schools ______ not to use mobile phones.
A. ask B. asked C. are asked D. were asked
答案：C
【解析】被动语态。主语students是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；根据these days可知用一般现在时。
【2011广西南宁市】28. Trees ________ every year to make our city greener.
A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted
28. 答案：B
【解析】被动语态的用法。根据句意“每年种很多树来使我们的城市更绿”，可知用被动语态，时间状语为every year，因此用一般现在时。故选B。
【2011贵州贵阳】37. We're very glad to know that a great sports meeting _________ in Guiyang this September.
A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold
答案：B
【解析】 这里考查的是将来时的被动语态的结构：will be + 动词的过去分词。故选B。
【2011雅安】20. A lot of trees ______ on the hill yesterday.
A. are planted B. will be planted C. have been planted D. were planted
答案： D
【解析】考查被动语态。由时间状语yesterday可知，用一般过去时，由trees和plant构成被动关系，用一般过时的被动语态
【2011山东枣庄】18. In the past the children were made ______15 hours a day.
A. to lock B. work C. to work D. lock
答案：C
【解析】C be made to do sth被迫做某事，make的被动语态要带to, 故选C。
【2011山东滨州】34. The Taiwan spotted deer, Fan Xing and Dian Dian, __________ to the Chinese mainland on April 16, 2011.
A．have sent B．were sending C．were sent D．had sent
答案：C
【解析】考查被动语态的用法。由句意“台湾梅花鹿“繁星”和“点点” 在
【2011重庆】32. I’m glad to find that many trees_______ in our city last year.
A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted
答案：C
【解析】考查被动语态的用法。由last year可推断用一般过去时。trees和plant为被动关系，因此，为一般过去时的被动语态。句意为：我很高兴地发现在我们的城市去年种了许多树。故选C。
【2011四川宜宾】28.Computers ________widely in our daily life.
A . use B. used C. were used D. are used
答案：D
【解析】D考查一般现在时的被动语态，根据句意：计算机在日常生活中得到广泛应用。故选D。
【2011天津】39. Today a lot of information can _____ online.
A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving
答案：B
【解析】 被动语态。 今天有很多信息能在网上收到，信息被收到要用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be +过去分词。
44. 【2011?广西柳州】Half of the work ______ by now.
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have been finished
答案B
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。 句意：一半的工作已经被完成。可知要用被动语态结构，work是不可数名词，所以用单数has been finished，故选B。
(2011湖南岳阳中考)28.Every year lots of trees to make our country more beautiful.
A. is planter B. are planted C. plant
解析：本题考查动词语态。trees是动词plant的宾语，提前了，故用被动语态，所以答案选B。
【2011湖南益阳】24. His car was by the police because he drove too fast
A. stopping B. stopped C. stop
答案：B
【解析】语态的考查。从后面的by判断，应该是被动语态，be +动词的过去分词。
(2011贵州毕节)29．He likes reading very much．Most of his money on books．
A．is spent B．spend C．spends D．are spent
解析：本题考查动词语态。不可数名词money是动词spend的宾语，提前了，要用被动语态，故答案选A。
【2011浙江宁波】27. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _________.
A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved
答案：D
【解析】动词语态。从前半句可以看出是一般过去时，根据后半句句意，有许多人被救出。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为was\were + 动词的过去分词。主语many people是复数，故用were+ 过去分词。
【真题考场】
1、【2011贵州安顺】
—Oh, parking ______ here.
A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. didn’t allowed D. wasn’t allowed
2、【2011山东】34. It’s true that Shakespeare’s play ______ by so many people every year.
A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen
3、【2011湖北黄石】37. —Who’s the little baby in the photo, Li Ying?
—It’s me. This photo _______ fourteen years ago.
A. is taken B. took C. takes D. was taken
4、【2011湖南长沙】30. ---May I use your cup, Tom?
---Sorry, it ________ by my sister just now.
A was broken B is broken C broke
5、【2011广东】35. People who drink wine ______ to drive after May Day.
A. don’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. mustn’t allow D. mustn’t be allowed
6、【2011广东】39. Our math teacher ______ in our school for 20 years and he _____ here when he was 23 years old.
A. has taught, has come B. taught, comes
C. taught, came D. has taught, came
7、【2011四川德阳】11. Waste paper shouldn’t _____ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our classroom clean.
A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown
8、【2011湖南永州】26. Boys and girls, the books in the library should______ good care of.
A. take B. are taking C. be taken
9、【2011山东聊城】30. As everyone knows, rubbish _______ everywhere.
A. need be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw D. may throw
10、【2011广安市】40. — How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
—Thank you. It every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned
11、【2011?兰州】34. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government.
A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of
C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care
12、【2011·南京】10. It’s reported that Nanjing South Railway Station _______ at the end of this month.
A. has been completed B. is completed
C. was completed D. will be completed
13、【2011山东威海】36.—Who is the little girl in the picture?
—It's me. The picture __________10 years ago.
A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken
14、【2011?山东青岛】34. —________ you________ the Beatles' story?
— Yes. And their songs are popular.
A. Did; hear B. Do; listen to C. Have; heard of D. Have; listened to
15、【2011 山东烟台】27. It is true that knowledge_____ rather than being taught.
A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was learned
16、【江西省2011】40. —What happened to Billy?
—He________ because of his drink-driving.
a. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught
17、【江西省2011】33. Mary isn't here at the moment. She _________ later.
a. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming
18、【2011安徽】43. Don't worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept
19、【2011?铜仁】33.My father _______ TV in the living room when I ______ home yesterday.
A. watched; got B. was watching; got
C. watched; was getting D. was watching; was getting
20、【2011北京】34. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused B. were caused
C. have caused D. will cause
21、【2011陕西】25. Driving after drinking wine in China.
A. allows B. doesn't allow C. is allowed D. isn't allowed
22、【2011桂林】38. Many trees and flowers ________ in our city every year.
A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plants
23、【河北省2011】44. The Spring Festival in January or February.
A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated D. was celebrated
24、【2011?河南省】30. Soft drinks__ to children for free in some restaurants on Children's Day.
A. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered
25、【2011黑龙江绥化市】（）16. —Suihua is so beautiful. It's like a big garden.
—Yes. Many trees and flowers_______in our city every year.
A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted
【答案解析】
1、【2011贵州安顺】
—Oh, parking ______ here.
A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. didn’t allowed D. wasn’t allowed
答案：B
【解析】语态的考查。根据句意“在这儿停车是不允许的”，park是allow的宾语，当主语和谓语动词的动宾关系时，应该是被动语态。
2、【2011山东】34. It’s true that Shakespeare’s play ______ by so many people every year.
A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen
34. 答案：D
【解析】考查点：本题考查被动语态的用法。解题思路：根据题意：莎士比亚的戏每年被许多人观看是真的。句中主语为Shakespeare’s play，使用被动语态。故本题选D。
3、【2011湖北黄石】37. —Who’s the little baby in the photo, Li Ying?
—It’s me. This photo _______ fourteen years ago.
A. is taken B. took C. takes D. was taken
答案：D
【解析】被动语态。根据题意可知应用过去时态，而一般过去时态的被动语态结构为was\were + 动词的过去分词。主语this photo 是单数，故用was+ 过去分词。
4、【2011湖南长沙】30. ---May I use your cup, Tom?
---Sorry, it ________ by my sister just now.
A was broken B is broken C broke
答案：A
【解析】被动语态的用法。根据句意可知是被动语态，又时间状语为just now，故答案为A。
5、【2011广东】35. People who drink wine ______ to drive after May Day.
A. don’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. mustn’t allow D. mustn’t be allowed
答案：D
【解析】本题考查be allowed to do sth.的否定形式。be allowed to do sth.意为“同意，许可做某事”。其否定形式为mustn’t be allowed to do sth.意为“不允许”。句意“五一以后喝酒的人禁止开车”。故选D。
6、【2011广东】39. Our math teacher ______ in our school for 20 years and he _____ here when he was 23 years old.
A. has taught, has come B. taught, comes
C. taught, came D. has taught, came
答案： D
【解析】考查动词的时态。for 20 year是现在完成时的时间标志。因此第一空要填has taught；后半句时间状语是when he was 23 years old，动词用一般过去时，因此天came.故答案为D。
7、【2011四川德阳】11. Waste paper shouldn’t _____ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our classroom clean.
A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown
答案： A
【解析】本题考查被动语态的用法。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。句意“废纸不应该到处扔。保持教室干净是我们的责任”。故排除B；shouldn’t为情态动词should的否定形式，其后用动词原形，故排除C。故选A。
8、【2011湖南永州】26. Boys and girls, the books in the library should______ good care of.
A. take B. are taking C. be taken
答案：C
【解析】本句的真正主语是“the books”,应用被动语态，“should + be + 及物动词的过去分词”，故选C。
9、【2011山东聊城】30. As everyone knows, rubbish _______ everywhere.
A. need be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw D. may throw
答案：B
【解析】动词语态。。垃圾rubbish和throw为被动关系，应用被动语态。排除C和D。句意为“每人都知道的，到处都禁止扔垃圾”。Mustn’t表禁止。故选B。
10、【2011广安市】40. — How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
—Thank you. It every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned
答案：B
【解析】考查被动语态。It指代上句中的bedroom，it和clean构成被动关系，故用被动语态，由every day可知，该句是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
11、【2011?兰州】34. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government.
A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of
C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care
答案：B
【解析】被动语态的用法。句意“在中国的许多地方，超过90岁的人不仅被家庭好好照顾着，而且也被政府照顾着”。the old指一类人，因此是复数形式，故排除A、C，被动语态中的动作须是及物动词，因此选B。
12、【2011·南京】10. It’s reported that Nanjing South Railway Station _______ at the end of this month.
A. has been completed B. is completed
C. was completed D. will be completed
10. 答案:D
解析:考查句子的时态和语态。分析本句是将来时态的被动语态。故选D项。
13、【2011山东威海】36.—Who is the little girl in the picture?
—It's me. The picture __________10 years ago.
A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken
答案：D
【解析】被动语态。主语the picture与take的构成被动关系，因此为被动语态，由10 years ago 可知为一般过去时，因此用一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构为was\were + 动词的过去分词。故选D
14、【2011?山东青岛】34. —________ you________ the Beatles' story?
— Yes. And their songs are popular.
A. Did; hear B. Do; listen to C. Have; heard of D. Have; listened to
答案：C
【解析】句意为“—你听过甲壳虫乐队的故事吗？—是的。他们的歌曲很受欢迎。”hear of意为“听说……”，故答案选C。
15、【2011 山东烟台】27. It is true that knowledge_____ rather than being taught.
A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was learned
答案：C
【解析】考查被动语态。题干是一个说明客观真理的强调句，故从句要使用一般现在时，排除B和D。knowledge与learn构成被动关系，用is learned。故选C。
16、【江西省2011】40. —What happened to Billy?
—He________ because of his drink-driving.
a. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught
【答案】B
【解析】被动语态 he与catch应为被动关系“因为酒驾被逮。”
17、【江西省2011】33. Mary isn't here at the moment. She _________ later.
a. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming
【答案】D
【解析】时态的考察 句意为“玛丽现在不在这里，稍候她将马上来”。come，go, move等表示位置移动的词常用进行时鄙视将来。
18、【2011安徽】43. Don't worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept
答案：C
【解析】选C。考查语态。句意：别着急，你的行李将一直被保存到你回来。……。此处表示将来时的被动，要用will +be + done。故选C。
19、【2011?铜仁】33.My father _______ TV in the living room when I ______ home yesterday.
A. watched; got B. was watching; got
C. watched; was getting D. was watching; was getting
答案：B
【解析】时态的用法。由yesterday 可知从句要用一般过去时；由句意可知，当我到家的时候，爸爸正在看电视，看电视是过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。
20、【2011北京】34. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused B. were caused
C. have caused D. will cause
答案：B
【解析】考查点：本题考查时态和被动语态结合的用法。由last year可知要用过去时，由后面的by可知要用被动语态，所以选择答案B。
21、【2011陕西】25. Driving after drinking wine in China.
A. allows B. doesn't allow C. is allowed D. isn't allowed
D 【解析】考查点：本题考查被动语态。 句意为“酒后驾车在中国是不被允许的”。可知为否定的被动语态，故选D。
22、【2011桂林】38. Many trees and flowers ________ in our city every year.
A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plants
38. 答案：B
【解析】语态的用法。根据句意“每年在我们诚实种很多的树和花”，可知many trees and flowers为动作的承受者，因此用被动语态，其时间状语为every year，用一般现在时。因此选B。
23、【河北省2011】44. The Spring Festival in January or February.
A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated D. was celebrated
【答案】A
【解析】B 考查一般现在时的被动语态，人们在一月或二月庆祝春节，是个习惯性动作，用一般现在时，春节是被人们庆祝的，用被动语态表示。故选B。
24、【2011?河南省】30. Soft drinks__ to children for free in some restaurants on Children's Day.
B. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered
答案：C。考查动词的语态。因句子的主语是物（Soft drinks），故应该用被动语态，由于“on Children's Day”表示泛指在儿童节，故用一般在时的被动语态。所以选C。
25、【2011黑龙江绥化市】（）16. —Suihua is so beautiful. It's like a big garden.
—Yes. Many trees and flowers_______in our city every year.
A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted
答案：B
【解析】被动语态的考查。Be+过去分词，时间状语every year决定了用一般现在时。