会议中ar是什么的缩写:外国人看经济危机：美国新自由主义经济理论的终结

    2008年9月雷曼兄弟公司破产,引发了世界性的金融危机。这次危机是美国新自由主义经济体制破产所带来的恶果。从这一点来说,它是一段历史的终结。

    两种泡沫支撑增长

    随着上世纪80年代凯恩斯经济学的退潮,以诺贝尔经济学奖得主米尔顿·弗里德曼为首的新自由主义经济学开始兴起。世界政治舞台上诞生了美国的里根政府和英国的撒切尔政府。他们遵循新自由主义的意识形态,将大政府、福利国家等这些支撑二战后经济的框架统统打碎。当然,里根政府的赤字财政又被称为美国在二战后奉行的最大的凯恩斯政策。美国奉行的新自由主义政策还渗透到了全世界。

    上世纪80年代的美国正被巨额财政赤字和经常项目赤字的“双重赤字”所困扰,经济形势并不好。不过,到90年代后半期,被冠以“新经济”的美国经济表面上呈现前所未有的繁荣也是事实,当时美国的年均经济增长率为4%,的确很高。

    然而,罗伯特·波林在《衰落的迹象:美国经济衰退和弥漫全球的经济萎缩》一书中指出,90年代后半期的经济增长离不开IT泡沫。在IT泡沫的推动下,企业进行了设备投资。在资产效应的带动下,家庭消费也扩大了。在IT泡沫催生的股价上涨情况下,以股票作为担保而借款也变得更加容易。按照波林的计算,在IT泡沫的全盛时期,由于资产效应带来的消费扩大,消费支出增加2%至3%。设备投资的增加,在很大程度上是受到IT泡沫的刺激。如果扣除经济中的泡沫因素,那么经济增长率并不算高。

    IT泡沫在2000年破灭。不过,美联储前主席格林斯潘迅速放宽了货币政策,使得美国经济起死回生。但美国经济之所以能够复活,是因为有了房地产泡沫。波林在书中指出:“如此重的家庭负债必定会制约今后的经济增长。”泡沫破灭后,波林所担心的情况真的发生了。

　　全球经济危机实质是一场政治经济危机

　　美国贫富差距史无前例

　　资本主义制度将面临第四次变革

    美国新自由主义经济理论的终结

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Foreigners to economic crisis: American neo-liberal economic theory of end

In September 2008, the company went bankrupt lehman brothers, caused a worldwide financial crisis.The crisis is the American neo-liberal economic system the consequences of bankruptcy.At this point, it is a history of end.

    Two kinds of foam to support growth

As the 1980 s Keynes economics ebb tide to Nobel economic prize winner Milton friedman led the new liberalism economics began to rise.The world on the political stage was born in the United States and Britain in the Reagan administration of the thatcher government.They follow the new liberal ideology, big government, will the welfare state, the support of all economic framework after world war ii broke.Of course, the Reagan administration's deficit finance is also known as the United States after world war ii, in the biggest Keynes pursuing policies.The United States pursues new liberal policies have permeated the world.

In the 1980 s the United States are being huge deficits and the current-account deficit "double deficit" due to the economic situation is not good.However, to the second half of the 90 s, known as the "new economy" of the U.S. economy presents on the surface of the unprecedented boom is fact, at a time when the us with an annual economic growth rate of 4%, is high indeed.

However, Robert paulin in "signs of a gradual decline: the United States recession and diffuse the global economy atrophy," a book points out, the 90 s of the second half of the economic growth cannot leave IT bubble.In IT the push of foam, enterprise, and equipment investment.In assets effect drive, the family also expand consumption.IT bubble fuelled in share prices on the stock as a guarantee and borrowing is also becoming more easy.According to the calculation of wave for the IT bubble heyday, due to the consumption of the effect of assets with expanding consumer spending increased by 2% to 3%.The increase of the equipment investment, to a great extent by the foam is IT exciting.If deduct the bubble economic factors, then the economic growth rate is not tall.

IT bubble burst in 2000.However, former federal reserve chairman Alan greenspan quickly eased monetary policy that makes the U.S. economy back to life.But the American economy could resurrection, because of the real estate bubble.Wave in Lin book points out that: "such a heavy household debt will restrict future economic growth."After the bubble burst, wave Lin are worried about happens.

　　The global economic crisis essence is a political and economic crisis

　　The gap between rich and poor is unprecedented

　　The capitalist system will face the fourth times change

    American neo-liberal economic theory of end