快感职人完整版:连词和状语从句

连词和状语从句

一、连词

1．并列连词

(1)表示联合关系的并列连词：and(和)，both...and...(既……又……)，neither...nor(既不……也不……)。

Neither I nor he has seen the film.

(2)表示转折关系的并列连词：but，while(而，然而)，whereas(而)，nevertheless。

He is short，while his brother is tall.

(3)表示选择关系的并列连词：or(或)，or else(否则)，otherwise(要不然)，either...or...(或……或……)。

You can either stay at home or go fishing.

(4)表示因果关系的并列连词：so(所以)，for(因为)。

It is morning，for the birds are singing.

注意：then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，therefore(因此，所以)等副词常可放在句首表示因果关系。

He was busy，therefore he could not come.

2．从属连词

(1)引导名词性从句的从属连词

引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词：that，whether和if，这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；连接代词主要有：who，whom，whose，which，what等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；连接副词主要有：when，where，how，why等，它们在句中可作状语。

We know (that) the earth goes round the sun.

What we need is more time.

That’s what I want.

(2)引导状语从句的从属连词

在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，也叫副词性从句。它修饰谓语、非谓语动词、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导，可表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。

二、状语从句

1．时间状语从句

(1)before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：

It is long before...(过了好久才……)

It is not long before...(过了不久就……)

(2)since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。

It is two years since he joined the army.

It is two years since he smoked.

2．原因状语从句

在表示原因时，because语气最重，其次是as，since，now that，故在回答why问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时，只能用because。for是并列连词，表示推测的理由或者进一步说明，不能放在句首，for前要用逗号。

—Why were you absent?

—Because I was ill.

3．目的状语从句

(1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用can/could/may/might/will/would＋动词。

Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep.

(2)for fear that，in case，lest表示“以防，免得”。

He is working hard for fear that he should fail.

4．条件状语从句

(1)providing/provided (that)假如，假若

Providing (that) no one has further questions，the meeting will be over.

(2)on the understanding that＝on condition that在……条件下

I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework.

5．结果状语从句

注意such引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。

试比较：

This is such an interesting book that everyone likes to read it.

This is such an interesting book as everyone likes to read.

6．目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别

in order that可放在句首，只能引导目的状语从句；so that引导目的或结果状语从句，不能放在句首。

试比较：

He spoke so slowly that we all followed him.(结果状语从句)＝He spoke slowly，so we all followed him.

He spoke slowly so (in order) that we could all understand him.(目的状语从句) 7．让步状语从句

(1)as引导让步状语从句，作“尽管”解，用倒装句，语序为：状语/宾语/表语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋谓语……。如果句首是单数可数名词作表语，名词前无冠词。

Clever as you may be，you can’t do that.

Clever boy as he is，he can’t solve the problem.

(2)while有时引导让步状语从句，作“尽管”、“虽然”讲，多用于句首。

While I admit the problems are difficult，I don’t agree that I can’t solve them.

8．地点状语从句

多由where和wherever引导。

Where there is a will，there is a way.

9．方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as(按照)，just as(正像)，as if＝as though(仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。

I changed my mind as you suggested.

感悟高考

1．The girl had hardly rung the bell          the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.          

(2010·福建，26)

A．before    B．until    C．as    D．since

解析　句意为：这个女孩刚一按门铃，门就突然开了，她的朋友冲出去迎接她。before在……之前，还没有……；until直到……才；as当……时候；since自从……以来。根据句意选A项。题干中hardly...before...为一固定句式，意思是“刚……就……”，相当于hardly...when...。

2．         our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.             (2010·上海，39)

A．Until    B．Unless    C．If    D．After

解析　由句意“除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。”可知答案。

3．The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair        he wanted to sit next to his wife.              (2010·辽宁，29)

A．although           B．unless

C．because            D．if

解析　句意为：那位老者要求露西坐另一把椅子，因为他想与妻子紧挨着坐在一起。although虽然，尽管；unless除非；because因为；if如果。由句意知选C。

4．—It’s no use having ideas only.

—Don’t worry.Peter can show you        to turn an idea into an act.                           (2010·辽宁，34)

A．how                    B．who

C．what                   D．where

解析　句意为：——光有想法是没用的。——不用担心，彼得会告诉你如何将想法转变为行动。how如何，怎样；who谁；what什么；where哪儿。show you后面是由“疑问词＋不定式”结构充当宾语，由句意知此处应为“如何……”，故选A，其余三项不符合题意。

5．It just isn’t fair；         I was working as a waiter last month，my friends were lying on the beach. (2009·辽宁，30)

A．whenever              B．though

C．for                    D．while

解析　句意为：这真不公平。上个月当我在做服务员的时候，我的朋友们正躺在沙滩上。表示“与此同时”用while，引导时间状语从句。

领悟语法

Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空

1．Mum turned down my suggestion        Dad was in favor of

 my idea.

2．—Will you go to Mary’s birthday party?

—No.        invited，I can’t go.I’ll be too busy then.

3．—Do you think the weather will be all right this summer?

—No，        we’re lucky.The newspaper says it’ll be very hot anyway.

4．The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a

 rise in birth rates     a fall in death 5．Ten minutes earlier，     we could have caught the early bus.

6．You have failed two tests.You’d better start working

 harder，   you won’t pass the course.

7．Tom often has to be called several times         he comes

 downstairs for dinner.

8．      I failed in English a third time，I had no doubt about

 my gift for foreign languages.

rates as a result of

 improvements in medical care.

Ⅱ.单项填空

1．It is known to all that          you exercise regularly，you

 won’t keep good health.

A．unless               B．whenever

C．although             D．if

解析　根据句意，前一句应该是后一句内容产生的条件，A、D两项均表条件，但如果选D，与常识不符，故选择A。

2．—Did your boss phone you again the next day?

—No，it was a fortnight          he gave me a second call.

A．that                   B．before

C．when                  D．since

解析　根据句意，he gave me a second call应该发生在it was a fortnight前，故选择B。

3．—Why were you absent yesterday?

—I caught a cold，         I had been walking around in the rain.

A．but                    B．so

C．and                    D．for

 解析　空格所在的句子是对前一句话的补充说明，故选

择D。

4．Children’s brains can’t develop properly          they

 lack protein.

A．when                B．since

C．because              D．unless

5．         I could express my thanks to the traveler，he had

 already disappeared in the rain.

A．Before              B．When

C．Until                D．While

解析　由句子的时态可知，express应该发生在disappear

之后。

6．It is several months          the whole country started to

 talk about whether driving after drinking alcohol should be

 punished.

A．before                B．until

C．since                 D．after

解析　It is＋时间段＋since...表示“自……以来多久了”。

7．How can they learn so much          they spend such a lot

 of time hanging about?

A．although                                                                         B．when

C．before                     解析　when意为“既然”。                                                                    D．until

8．Li Yang，the founder of Crazy English，says that he copies it

 down          he comes across a beautiful sentence.

A．unless                B．while

C．because               D．every time

解析　every time为名词短语直接引导时间状语从句；while引导的句子的谓语动词必须是延续性的，而此句中的come不延续。

9．I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long，but it’ll still be

 some time          Brian gets back.

A．before            B．since

C．till               D．where

解析　It will be＋时间段＋before...意为“要过多

10．I was doing my homework          a boy rushed into the classroom.

A．when     B．while     C．as     D．for

久才……”解析　四个词中，只有when意为“这时”。