偶看新闻大蚂蚁生活环境:如何使用wxPython设计gui
来源：百度文库 编辑：偶看新闻 时间：2024/04/29 13:35:16
wxPython介绍+一个实用的例子
1. wxPython简介
wxPython是wxWidget的库的一个python的封装。提供了一些库和一些工具。
这样wxPython即有python语言的优点：
语法强悍，少写了不少代码:）
也有wxWidget图形库的优点：
直接拉控件到大概位置就行了，不需要去调整控件的对齐，也不需要关心gui界面是否支持各种分辨率的桌面。而且界面都是可以运行时切换，只要写很少的切换代码。跨平台的图形库...
后悔，我怎么以前会用vb开发gui的 -_-!。
缺点，网上资料还比较少。而且在线文档都是英文的。不过如果英文好的话，到真的无所谓，因为wxPython的安装包本身提供的工具和资料也足够多，足够好了。
2. 开发入门
我使用ultraedit作为编辑器，wxPython自带的XRCed作为编辑xrc文件（一种xml格式的资源文件，类似于VC6中的RC文件）。
文档主要参考wxPython自带的在线文档和demo代码。不过关于如何使用xrc文件设计gui，wxPython自带的资料似乎还不够详细，这也是我写本文的原因。
通常情况下google"cvs def wxpython相关的关键字"可以快速找到开源的源代码参考。
如果这些例子还不够的话，就参考我的程序吧，这是一个商用程序的原型，我相信该程序的内容已经足够丰富了，应该比网上的一些wxPython教程中的hello world程序更有借鉴意义。
3. 源代码
两个文件，main.py是主程序，main.xrc是资源文件。只要安装了了python和wxpython，然后将这两个文件放在同一个目录中，运行main.py就可以了。
------------------------main.py-----------------------begin
##################################################################################
#General:
# read http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/UsingXmlResources for more information about how to use xrc
#
#Problems:
# google "(class 'wxMenuBar') not found ", visit http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/wxPython-users/2242126 ( wxGlade's problem?)
# google "TypeError: OnExit() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)" and visit http://www.gnuenterprise.org/irc-logs/gnue-public.log.2003-02-26 (wxPython's problem?)
# we *donot* want sash in splitter window to disappear. google"wxSplitterEvent" , get "The sash was double clicked. The defaultbehaviour is to unsplit the window when this happens (unless *theminimum pane size has been set to a value greater than zero*, yes it iswhat we do in xrc)",
#
#Naming conventions:
# class._var1 =class shared variable (like static class data member in C++, BTW: seepython online help for python's private variables's naming conventions )
# class.CapitalizeEveryWord = class method
# class.instance_data_member = instance's data member (like public data member in C++)
# m_file_shared_variables = variables prefixed with "m_" are shared in a file
# g_global_shared_variables = variables prefixed with "g_" are global variables
##################################################################################
from wxPython.wx import *
from wxPython.xrc import *
import sys
#the New Job dialog
class dlgNew:
def __init__(self,ctrl):
assert(ctrl<>None)
self.ctrl=ctrl
self.idc_textmode_txt=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_textmode_txt"))
assert(self.idc_textmode_txt<>None)
self.idc_new_runnow=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_new_runnow"))
assert(self.idc_new_runnow)
self.idc_new_jobname=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_new_jobname"))
assert(self.idc_new_jobname<>None)
self.MessageMap(self.ctrl)
def __del__(self):
#self.ctrl.Destroy()
pass
def MessageMap(self,ctrl):
EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_ok"), self.OnOK)
EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_cancel"), self.OnCancel)
EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_apply"), self.OnApply)
def OnOK(self,event):
if self.Validate():
self.OnApply(event)
self.ctrl.Close(True)
else:
# report error
pass
def OnCancel(self,event):
self.ctrl.Close(True)
def OnApply(self,event):
#save job
#if needed, submit it now
if self.idc_new_runnow.IsChecked():
pass
def Validate(self):
try:
if self.idc_textmode_txt.GetValue()==None:
assert(0)
raise
if self.idc_new_jobname.GetValue()==None:
assert(0)
raise
if not self.IsCmdValid(self.idc_textmode_txt.GetValue()):
assert(0)
raise
return True
except:
return False
def IsCmdValid(self,txt):
if txt==None:
assert(0);
return False
return True
class hostList:
def __init__(self, parent, id):
assert(parent<>None)
assert(id<>None)
self.id=id
self.ctrl=parent.FindWindowById(self.id)
assert(self.ctrl<>None)
#init list header
self.config_column=[ #id; #name; #size; #after filling data we resize
[0,"ID", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[1,"Job", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[2,"Work", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
]
for c in self.config_column:
self.ctrl.InsertColumn(c[0],c[1])
self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[2])
def Refresh(self,workers):
# filling data
self.ctrl.DeleteAllItems()
for i in range(0,5):
index = self.ctrl.InsertStringItem(sys.maxint, "") #insert nothing, just get index
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 0, "val0") #0 means first column
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 1, "val1")
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 2, "val2")
# after filling data, resize column
for c in self.config_column:
self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[3])
class jobList:
def __init__(self, parent, id, details=None):
assert(parent<>None)
assert(id<>None)
self.id=id
self.ctrl=parent.FindWindowById(self.id)
assert(self.ctrl<>None)
self.details=details
#init list header
self.config_column=[ #id; #name; #size; #after filling data we resize
[0,"ID", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[1,"Owner", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[2,"Name", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[3,"Status", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[4,"Work", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
]
for c in self.config_column:
self.ctrl.InsertColumn(c[0],c[1])
self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[2])
self.MessageMap(self.ctrl)
def Refresh(self,jobs):
# data buffer shared by other
#print list_data #debug
self.ctrl.DeleteAllItems()
for i in range(0,5):
index = self.ctrl.InsertStringItem(sys.maxint, "") #insert nothing, just get index
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 0, "val0") #0 means first column
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 1, "val1")
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 2, "val2")
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 3, "val3") # add better conversion to text
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 4, "val4")
# after filling data, resize column
for c in self.config_column:
self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[3])
#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- begin
def MessageMap(self,ctrl):
EVT_LIST_ITEM_SELECTED(ctrl,self.id,self.OnItemSelected)
EVT_LIST_ITEM_DESELECTED(ctrl,self.id,self.OnItemDeselected)
def OnItemSelected(self,event):
if self.details<>None:
#dump everything about a job
self.details.SetValue("rubbish data")
pass
pass
def OnItemDeselected(self,event):
print "OnListItemDeselected" #debug
if self.details<>None:
self.details.Clear()
pass
#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- end
#main application
class myApp(wxApp):
def OnInit(self):
#load ctrls from resources
self.res = wxXmlResource("main.xrc")
self.idf_main = self.res.LoadFrame(None, "idf_main")
self.idc_main_menubar = self.res.LoadMenuBar("idc_main_menubar")
self.idc_main_toolbar=self.res.LoadToolBar(self.idf_main,"idc_main_toolbar")
self.idc_splitter_twobar=self.idf_main.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_splitter_twobar"))
self.idc_status_txt=self.idf_main.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_status_txt"))
self.idc_jobs_list1=jobList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_jobs_list1"),self.idc_status_txt)
self.idc_jobs_list2=jobList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_jobs_list2"),self.idc_status_txt)
self.idc_hosts_list1=hostList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_hosts_list1"))
self.idc_hosts_list2=hostList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_hosts_list2"))
self.idd_new=dlgNew(self.res.LoadDialog(self.idf_main,"idd_new"))
# message map,
self.MessageMap(self.idf_main)
#binding ctrls
self.idf_main.SetMenuBar(self.idc_main_menubar)
self.idf_main.SetToolBar(self.idc_main_toolbar)
self.RefreshAll()
#show time
self.ShowMe()
return True
def RefreshAll(self):
# get full master state
self.RefreshAllJobList(None)
self.RefreshAllHostList(None)
# should alse display queue status somewhere (self.ms.state)
def RefreshAllJobList(self,jobs):
# jobList is a sequence of jobs (base class mgr.JobBase)
self.idc_jobs_list1.Refresh(jobs)
self.idc_jobs_list2.Refresh(jobs)
def RefreshAllHostList(self, workers):
# workers is dict of slave workers (base class mgr.Worker)
self.idc_hosts_list1.Refresh(workers)
self.idc_hosts_list2.Refresh(workers)
def ShowMe(self):
sizer = self.idf_main.GetSizer()
sizer.Fit(self.idf_main)
sizer.SetSizeHints(self.idf_main)
self.idf_main.Show(True)
self.SetTopWindow(self.idf_main)
def ShowMe(self):
sizer = self.idf_main.GetSizer()
sizer.Fit(self.idf_main)
sizer.SetSizeHints(self.idf_main)
self.idf_main.Show(True)
self.SetTopWindow(self.idf_main)
#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- begin
def MessageMap(self,ctrl):
#menu
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_pause_queue"), self.OnPauseQ)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_resume_queue"), self.OnResumeQ)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_new"), self.OnNew)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_exit"), self.OnBye)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_options"), self.OnOptions)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_index"), self.OnIndex)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_refresh"), self.OnRefresh)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_vertical"), self.OnVertical)
EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_about"), self.OnAbout)
#toolbar
EVT_MENU(ctrl,XRCID("idc_toolbar_new"), self.OnNew) #google "wxToolBar"
def OnPauseQ(self,event):
pass
def OnResumeQ(self,event):
pass
def OnNew(self,event):
self.idd_new.ctrl.ShowModal()
self.RefreshAll()
def OnAbout(self,event):
dlg = wxMessageDialog(self.idf_main, "None\n"
"Version 1.0\n"
"Copyright(C) 2005-2010 Redguardtoo",
"About Me", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION)
dlg.ShowModal()
dlg.Destroy()
def OnBye(self,event):
print "hello, I am OnBye"
self.idf_main.Close(True)
def OnOptions(self,event):
print "hello, I am OnOptions"
def OnIndex(self,event):
print "hello, I am OnIndex"
def OnRefresh(self,event):
self.RefreshAll()
def OnVertical(self,event):
if not self.idc_splitter_twobar.IsSplit():
return
w1=self.idc_splitter_twobar.GetWindow1()
assert(w1)
w2=self.idc_splitter_twobar.GetWindow2()
assert(w2)
s=self.idc_splitter_twobar.GetSplitMode()
#some error
self.idc_splitter_twobar.Unsplit() #have to , see document
w1.Show(True) # when unsplitting , one pane hide , now we show them
w2.Show(True)
if s==wxSPLIT_VERTICAL:
self.idc_splitter_twobar.SplitHorizontally(w1,w2)
elif s==wxSPLIT_HORIZONTAL:
self.idc_splitter_twobar.SplitVertically(w1,w2)
else:
assert(0)
#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- end
if __name__=="__main__":
app = myApp(0)
app.MainLoop()
------------------------main.py-----------------------end
------------------------main.xrc-----------------------begin
------------------------main.xrc-----------------------end