京润珍珠面膜说明书:中学生英语学习常见错误一览表(字母G、H、I、J)
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G
game
[误] He went to America to take part in the Olympic Game.
[正] He went to America to take part in the Olympic Games.
[析] game作为"运动会"讲时应用其复数形式,而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如:Our school team won the game.
German
[误] They are Germen.
[正] They are Germans.
[误] She comes from German.
[正] She comes from Germany.
[析] German是"德国人"、"德国的"、"德语",其复数形式是Germans;而Germany才是德国。
gather
[误] All the students and teachers are gathered together now.
[正] All the students and teachers are gathered now.
[析] 用了动词gather就不要再用together了。这句话还可以这样讲:All the students and teachers got together.
give
[误] She gives up to look for the lost bike.
[正] She gives up looking for the lost bike.
[析] give up意为"放弃",其后只接动名词作介词宾语,而不应接不定式。
glad
[误] His parents were very glad for his success in business.
[正] His parents were very glad of his success in business.
[正] His parents were very glad to know his success in business.
[析] "为……感到高兴"应是be glad of something或be glad to do something.
glass
[误] The old teacher has two pair of big glass.
[正] The old teacher has two pairs of big glasses.
[析] glass作为"眼镜"讲,应用复数形式,在英语中手套gloves 裤子pants,剪刀scissors均用复数形式。glass作"玻璃杯"讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式,如:I want two glasses of milk. 而作为物质名词"玻璃"讲则要用作不可数名词,如:The boy broke two panes of glass.
go
[误] -Mary, could you come to my home now?-Yes, I'm going.
[正] -Mary, could you come to my home now?
-Yes, I'm coming.
[析] go是指离开说话人所在地,而come指的是朝向说话人的方向:如:Come here!Can I come and help you?但在口语中也有一些例外,如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come, 如:We are going to have a party tonight. Would you like to come with us?
gone been
He has gone to Shanghai. 指此人已去上海不在此地了。
He has been to Shanghai. 指此人去过上海现已回来了。
gold
[误] She brushed her gold hair carefully.
[正] She brushed her golden hair carefully.
[析] gold作形容词指"金质的",如:a gold ring, a gold coin,而golden是"金色的",如:golden age(金色的时代),但"金鱼"例外,为gold fish。
good
[误] I've been waiting for good twenty minutes.
[正] I've been waiting for a good twenty minutes.
[析] a good之意为"足足"、"整整"之意。
good well
He is good. 应译为"他是个好人。"而He is well. 应译为"他身体不错。"I feel good. 即精神状态良好,而I feel well.即身体状况不错。
[误] This food is very good to you.
[正] This food is very good for you.
[析] be good for是"对……有利、有好处",而be good to是指"对待某人不错",如:Your friend is very good to me.
grade
[误] -What grade are you in?-I'm in grade 1.
[正] -What grade are you in?-I'm in Gread 1.
[析] 当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写,当有具体数字时则要大写。
H
had better
[误] You have better hurry.
[正] You had better hurry.
[析] had better只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。
[误] You hadn't better worry.
[正] You had better not worry.
[析] had better后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是"had better not+动词原形"。
half
[误] I had driven about half mile.
[正] I had driven about half a mile.
[析] "半小时"有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而"一个半小时"应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours."半天"应讲half a day,"半镑"应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year,而应用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.
[误] Half us could go to the park.
[正] Half of us could go to the park.
[析] half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:More than half (of) my classmates are boys.
[误] One and half apples are left on the table.
[正] One and half apples is left on the table.
[析] 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。
[误] Half of the work are done.
[正] Half of the work is done.
[误] Half of the six apples is red.
[正] Half of the six apples are red.
[析] "half of+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。
hand
[误] He shook hand with his teacher.
[正] He shook hands with his teacher.
[析] 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:change hands (转手、易手),in the hands of (由……控制),join hands (与人合作)。
happen
[误] What was happened to you last month?
[正] What happened to you last month?
[误] An accident was happened in this street last night.
[正] An accident happened in this street last night.
[析] 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为"发生"讲的happen,take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.
hard
[误] I have to study hardly.
[正] I have to study hard.
[析] hard是形容词,如:a hard work,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为"几乎不"。
[误] I had my leg broken last term, so I couldn't hardly study at all.
[正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.
[析] hardly意为"否定",所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
have
[误] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.
[正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.
[析] 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。
[误] I have my bike to repair.
[正] I have my bike repaired.
[析] have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)
[误] Could you give me some money if you have.
[正] Could you give me some money if you have any.
[析] "如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:I want some books if there is any.
headache
[误] I've got headache.
[正] I've got a headache.
[析] Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:My mother often gets headaches. 但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomacheache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:I've got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。
hear
[误] He was heard sing in the next room.
[正] He was heard to sing in the next room.
[析] hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为:She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。
hear listen to
hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listen to则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.
但词组hear about (of)则为"听说过"之意,如:I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为"收到某人信件"之意:I often hear from my girl friend.
help
[误] Please help my homework.
[正] Please help me do my homework.
[正] Please help me with my homework.
[析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为"帮某人作某事",但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:He help his mother cook the meal. 即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而He help me to do my homework. 则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。
[误] When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.
[正] When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.
[析] can't help doing something是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。
[误] Help yourself with some cakes.
[正] Help yourself to some cakes.
[析] 中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用help somebody to something.
here
[误] Here the bus comes!
[正] Here comes the bus!
[析] 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Here we are!
high
[误] He is very high.
[正] He is very tall.
[析] 英语中的两个"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。
hit
[误] The mother got angry and hit the boy.
[正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.
[析] hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。
home
[误] I'm tired. It's time I went to home.
[正] I'm tired. It's time I went home.
[析] home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了"在家"之意外,还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)
home house family
home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲a letter from home,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Many new houses were built this year. family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:My family are all like swimming.
homgwork
[误] I have so many homework to do today.
[正] I have so much homework go do today.
[析] homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词),fun,health information等。
hope
[误] I hope you to be a good student.
[正] I hope you will be a good student.
[析] hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:I wish you to be a good student.
[误] I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.
[正] I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.
[析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我认为你错了"。应译为:I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为I don't think so.或I hope not.
[误] I hope your help.
[正] I hope for your help.
[析] hope for为"期望某事发生",虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用"hope for+名词"这一结构。
[误] I was hopeful to pass the exam.
[正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.
[析] 对某事存有希望应用"hopeful of (about)+介词宾语"这一结构。
hospital
[误] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.
[正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.
[析] in hospital为"住院就医"。而in (at) the hospital 为"在医院(工作)"。如:He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:"上学"为go to school,at school为"在校就读",go to bed为"上床睡觉"。
how
[误] I want to know how to do.
[正] I want to know how to do it.
[析] how 是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:I want to know what to do.
[误] How do you think about it?
[正] What do you think about it?
[析] 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about…这一句式。
hurry
[误] Let's hurry. There is a little time left.
[正] Let's hurry. There is little time left.
[误] Don't worry. There is little time left.
[正] Don't worry. There is a little time left.
[析] 请注意英语中的惯用法:"快点吧,没时间了",或"别着急还有一点时间。"
[误] The car is hurrying through the street.
[正] The car is rushing throught the street.
[析] hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。
hundred
[误] There are two hundreds people here.
[正] There are two hundred people here.
[误] There are hundred of people here.
[正] There are hundreds of people here.
[析] hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundreds of是数百的,这一词组一定要加s.
hurt
[误] I don't want to wound her feelings.
[正] I don't want to hurt her feelings.
[析] wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。
I
if
[误] If it will rain I won't go to school tomorrow.
[正] If it rains I won't go to school tomorrow.
[析] 由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。
[误] I want to know if he comes here tomorrow.
[正] I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.
[析] if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。
[误] I want to know if it will rain tomorrow he will come or not.
[正] I want to know if it rains tomorrow he will come or not.
[析] 这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语,所以,还应用一般时表示将来。
ill
[误] He spent many years looking after his ill father.
[正] He spent many years looking after his sick father.
[析] ill和sick都可以作表语,如: I'm ill (sick). 美国英语中常用sick, 而英国英语中两者都可用,但ill一般不作定语。
in
[误] In a cold morning, I went to school alone.
[正] On a cold morning, I went to school alone.
[析] 在in the morning或in the afternoon词组中,不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词,其介词in都要变为on.
[误] I will finish it after two days.
[正] I will finish it in two days.
[析] 中文中几天以后可以完成,或几天后来取,在译为英文时都不要用after,而要用in.如: He will be back in a few days.
in into
作为副词应用in,而不能用into,如: Come in, please. 又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置,只是表达空间的位置时用in,如: The teacher in the office is my mother. 但在go, run, come, walk, dive等词后则要用into. 如: She dives into the river.
instead
[误] The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.
[正] The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.
[析] instead of其后要接动名词、名词或代词,而不能用不定式,如: I choose this book instead of that one.
[误] The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.
[正] The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.
[析] instead是副词,而instead of是介词短语。如: If you are not free, you may come another day instead.
interest
[误] He has a great interest for physics.
[正] He has a great interest in physics.
[误] He has some interest in many companies.
[正] He has some interests in many companies.
[析] interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词,但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。
[误] This is an interested book.
[正] This is an interesting book.
[析] 修饰物时应用interesting, 如,an interesting film,而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested,如: I'm interested in this play. 但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。应译为He is an interesting man. 所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意,而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣,多用"be interested in something"这一句型。
invent
[误] America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
[正] America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
[析] invent意为"发明"即从无到有,如: Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为"发现"。
it
[误] That takes me ten years to finish this work.
[正] It takes me ten years to finish this work.
[析] it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语,如: I think it difficult to learn English well.
J
join
[误] Did you attend the football club?
[正] Did you join the football club?
[析] join经常用于参加某个团体、政党,并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场,而不一定进行具体活动,如: Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动,如: I take part in the football game.
just
[误] I have finished my work just now.
[正] I finished my work just now.
[析] just now意义"刚才",所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。
[误] Just I won the game.
[正] I just won the game.
[析] just单独使用时不应放在句首,而应放于① be动词之后,如: He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间。③ 用在第一助动词之后,如: I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时,如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如: Just then he saw the bus coming.
just justly
just常用于三种含意: ① 恰好,如: It's just five o'clock. ② 仅仅,相当于only, 如: I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. ③ 不久前,如: I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意为"公正的",如: He was justly punished for his crimes.