来例假时能吃阿胶糕吗:初中英语被动语态复习

初中英语被动语态复习

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many　people　speak　Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many　people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese　is　spoken　by　many　people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will／shall　be＋spoken

过去将来时：would/should　be+spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are　being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were　being＋spoken

现在完成时：have／has　been＋spoken

过去完成时：had　been　+　spoken

三、被动语态的用法

　(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some　new　computers　were　stolen　last　night.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)　

This　bridge　was　founded　in　1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

　(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

　　例如：The　glass　was　broken　by　Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

　　This　book　was　written　by　him.这本书是他写的。

　Your　homework　must　be　finished　on　time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

　(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

　(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)　(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

　(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All　the　people　laughed　at　him.

He　was　laughed　at　by　all　people.

They　make　the　bikes　in　the　factory.

The　bikes　are　made　by　them　in　the　factory.

He　cut　down　a　tree.

A　tree　was　cut　down　by　him.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态动词＋be＋过去分词"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。

We　can　repair　this　watch　in　two　days.

This　watch　can　be　repaired　in　two　days.

They　should　do　it　at　once.

It　should　be　done　at　once.

六、特殊情况

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

I am never let to watch TV by mother.

3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.  

七、巩固练习题

1、
(  ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
     A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
(  ) 2 English ____ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
(  )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
   A. often sings B. often sang  C. is often sang D. is often sung
(  ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.  A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
(  ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
2
(  ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.  A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
(  ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
      -I'm sorry. ___.  A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
(   ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
     A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
(  ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.  A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
(  ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
(  ) 6 His new book___ next month.
     A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published
3
(  ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
    A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
(   ) 2 These papers___yet.
     A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written
(  ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.  A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
4
(  ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.
    A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it
C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
(   ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.  A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
(   ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
5
(  ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
(  ) 2 Who was the book___?  A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
(  ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?  A. was B. were C. is D. am
6
(  ) 1 The flowers___often.
  A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
(  ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
(  ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
   A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
7
(  ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
  A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt
(  ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
   A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown
(   ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
    A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
8
(  ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
(  ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
(  ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
(  ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago. WO It's a Haidian top problem
   A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
(  ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
  A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung

9
(  ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
   A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing  C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
(  ) 2 The teapot ___ water.  A. is filled with B. filled of  C. fulling of D. filled
(  ) 3 Old people must be looked ^fter well and ___ politely.
    A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
(  ) 4 Old people must ___.
   A

. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well
10
(  ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
  A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care
(  ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
(   ) 3 These walls___stone.
    A. are made of B. made of u C. are made into D. made into
11
(  ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
   A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
(  ) 2 The papers ___ to them.  A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
(  ) 3 The coat___her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
12
(  ) ? I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
     A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
(  ) 2 Good care____such things.
   A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of
(  ) 3 She will____good care____.
   A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
13
(  ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.  A. to do B. do C. did D. done
(  ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
   A. was made to clean B. made clean  C. made to clean D. was made clean
(  ) 3 These children____dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw