大同市一医院产科医生:无家可归

无家可归

In the 2006 Australian census, 105,000 people were recorded as homeless. Around 21% were young people aged between 12 and 18.

澳大利亚2006年的调查显示，十万五千人无家可归。其中年龄在12至18周岁的青年人约占21%。

What being homeless means

什么是无家可归

There are 4 main types of homelessness.

      无家可归主要有四种情况：

Sleeping 'rough' - that is, sleeping on the streets, in a park, on a bench, on the beach, or in some other area that is basically out in the open. 

      一、露宿街头。也就是说，睡在野外，比如说大街，公园，长凳，沙滩等等。

Staying with a friend or relative, or 'couch-surfing' around from one place to another. 

      二、寄居亲朋篱下，或者到处睡沙发。

Staying in a refuge or short-term boarding house. 

      三、安身避难所或者临时公寓。

Staying in a boarding house where people may live for weeks, months or years when they are not able to find a home of their own.

      四、在找到一个属于自己的家之前，暂住于临时公寓几个星期，几个月甚至几年。

Causes of young people becoming homeless

 年轻人无家可归的原因

There are many reasons why young people become homeless - it could be any one or more of the following: 

      年轻人变得无家可归存在多种原因 — 它有可能是以下的任何一个，甚至于多个。

Problems at home, eg. feeling unsafe, being abused, fighting between parents, fighting between siblings, feeling unwanted, parents' divorce, trouble with a parent's new partner, a new baby in the house, money worries, too many rules, not enough rules, not getting on with foster parents. 

      家庭内部问题。比如说，缺乏安全感，遭受虐待，双亲矛盾，同胞争斗，自感多余，父母离异，金钱烦恼，同继父或者继母相处存在障碍，家里有了新的婴儿诞生，家规泛滥或者过于自由，与养父母不合群等等。

Problems at school, eg. bullying, teasing, finding schoolwork too hard or too easy, problems with teacher(s), not having any friends. 

      学校里存在的问题。比如，遭受欺凌或者取笑，家庭作业太难或者太容易，与老师关系出现问题，缺乏朋友。

Problems with peers, eg. peer group pressure, teasing, spreading rumours, sexist or racist harassment. 

      与同龄人之间的问题。比如，同龄人群施加的压力，同龄人的取笑、散播谣言、性歧视或者种族主义折磨。

Problems with the law, eg. drinking, drug use, stealing, graffiti, vandalism, assault, involvement with gangs, breaking in. 

      法律方面的问题。比如，酗酒，吸毒，偷窃，乱写乱画，毁坏文物，滋事闹事，参与团伙，私闯民宅。

Problems with boyfriends/girlfriends, eg. breaking up, being dumped, not wanting to take 'no' for an answer.

      与男女朋友之间的问题。如分手，被甩，不甘心等。

What to do before you leave home

      离家出走前要做得几件事

Ask yourself some questions. 

问问自己几个问题：

Is there anything I can do to improve the situation rather than leave? 

      除了离家出走，我还可以做些什么来改变现状吗？

Who can I talk to about this? 

      我可以和谁说说这一切呢？

Where will I go? 

      我要去哪里？

Who can help me? 

      谁可以帮助我？

How will I survive? 

      我要怎么生存？

Am I being realistic? 

      我是不是够现实？

Who will I call if I get into trouble? 

      一旦陷入麻烦，我可以向谁寻求帮助？

What will happen when I come home again? 

      当我再次回到家中时，又会发生什么？

Is leaving a safe option?

      离开家是不是一个安全的选择？

Dangers of being homeless

无家可归潜在的危险

Living rough can put you at risk of being harmed or manipulated by others. 

      露宿街头可以将你置于被他人伤害或者操纵的危险当中。

You could find yourself doing things that you don't want to, just to survive. Some young people get into prostitution, stealing and drugs, which can put them more in the control of others and in trouble with the Police. 

      为了生存，你可能会发现你正在做着自己根本不想做的事情。一些年轻人甚至沦落到卖淫，偷窃和吸毒的境地。这些行为也会使他们更加受制于人，最终被抓进公安局。

You can be at risk of sexual abuse or rape. 

      你可能会有遭受性虐待或者强奸的危险。

It is hard to get proper food. 

      你会发觉很难获得合适的食物。 

There is nowhere to store any of your belongings and they could get stolen. 

      没有可以存放行李的地方，从而导致行李被盗。

There may be nowhere to wash yourself or your clothes. 

      你可能没有地方洗澡，洗衣服。

You could become very depressed and not care about what happens to you.

      你可能会非常郁闷，对发生在你身边的事毫不在意。

People who can help

可以给你提供帮助的人

Try talking to another family member, eg. grandparents, a parent, older siblings, other relatives. They may be able to give you somewhere to live for a while and help you get things organised. 

      试着同家里的另一个成员谈谈看，如祖父母，家长，兄长或姐姐，以及其他亲戚。他们也许能够给你暂时提供一个住的地方，帮助你把事情安顿好。

Talk to your school counsellor if you are still at school. He or she could help you get into touch with people who can help. 

      如果你还在上学，你也可以和学校辅导员谈一谈。他（或她）也许可以帮助你联系上那些能够帮助你的人。

If you are homeless there are many free services that can help you. Many that are for South Australian are listed at the end of this topic.

      如果你是无家可归的人，很多免费的服务机构都可以给你提供帮助。在这一话题的结尾部分，本文罗列了许多为澳大利亚南部人民设立的服务机构。

Every person has rights. Services for people who are homeless should always be respectful of their rights. If you feel that people are not being respectful towards you, then you have the right to complain.

      每一个人都有自己的权利。为无家可归之人设立的服务机构应该时刻尊重他们的权利。如果你感觉人们不尊重你，那你就有投诉的权利。

How to help your friend

如何帮助你的朋友？

If your friend has become homeless, you could help by:

      如果你的朋友成了无家可归之人，那么你可以通过以下方式来帮助他（或她）：

talking to someone you know and trust who you think might be able to help 

      试着同某个你认识并相信其可以提供帮助的人交流；

being a good listener for your friend - you don't have to solve the problems 

      成为你朋友的忠实听众 —— 你并不一定非得解决问题；

helping them out with food, or a place to for your friend to stay or to leave his belongings (make sure it's OK with your parents first if you live at home) 

      帮他们解决食物问题，或者提供一个可以供你朋友停留或寄放行李的地方（如果你住在家中，你一定要确保你的父母不介意）；

don't try to be a 'fix-it' person - everyone needs to have some control over their own lives 

      不要试图搞定一切 —— 每个人都需要对自己的生活进行一些控制；

not gossiping around your group - you wouldn't like it if people were gossiping about you 

      不要在你的周围散播流言——你肯定也不会喜欢别人说你的八卦；

going to appointments with your friend - eg. Centrelink - as moral support.

      作为道义支持，你可以陪同你的朋友一起赴约，比如说去福利署。

Outcomes 

总结

The census figures show a large number of young people listed as homeless on the night the census was taken. 

      人口调查数字表明，直至调查完成的那一晚，被列为无家可归的年轻人数目相当庞大。

The good news is that many of these young people would be away from home for only a couple of days before they were able to meet with their families, work things out and go back to live in their homes again. 

      好消息是，许多这样的年轻人离开家只有两三天的时间。之后他们便愿意与家人见面，解决问题，最终再次回到他们自己的家中。

Some of these young people will be helped to find accommodation and work, and will be supported by service organisations until they can manage their lives. 

      这些年轻人中的一部分将会在人们的帮助下找到住所和工作。在他们可以管理自己的生活之前，他们将可以从服务性机构那里获得支持。

Unfortunately, some of these young people will feature again in the next census.

      不幸的是，这些年轻人中的一些人将有可能在下一轮人口调查中再度成为无家可归之人。

Maybe you can help by doing some volunteer work in a shelter or some other organisation that helps the homeless. You would be doing something worthwhile and at the same time learning about the reality of being homeless.

      也许你可以通过在避难所或者其他一些援助流浪者的组织机构里做些义工来帮助他们。你将会是在做一些有意义的事情。与此同时，你也将了解无家可归的无奈。

If you or a friend are having problems at home, it may help you to have a better understanding of how to communicate and with whom.

      如果你或者某个朋友正面临着家庭问题，在如何去沟通、如何与某个人进行交流方面有一个以较好的认识也许会帮到你。

Resources

物资来源

Accommodation

    住所

For emergency accommodation, contact a crisis accommodation service close to you. In South Australia you can contact: Crisis Care - Tel: 131611. 

      想获得应急住所，请联系离你最近的危机住宿处。在澳大利亚南部，你可以联系：

      危机关怀热线电话：131611

Kids Helpline - Tel: 1800 55 1800. 

      儿童帮助热线电话：1800 55 1800

Youth Healthline - Tel: 1300 13 17 19. 

      青年健康热线电话：1300 13 17 19

Trace-a-Place and Get-a-place, Service to Youth Council 

     寻找与获得住宿，请拨服务青年协会电话：1800 807 364 或者8412 8150

Tel: 1800 807 364 or 8412 8150 

Your local police station.

      向当地警局寻求帮助。

Income support

   收入补助

In Australia you may be able to get a payment or income. Contact Centrelink - Tel: 13 24 90 - to make an appointment to speak to someone or go to for further information. If you find it hard to approach Centrelink, get support from another service - don't give up.

      在澳大利亚，你也许能够获得一笔补偿或者额外收入。请拨福利署电话：13 24 90 预约谈话，获得进一步信息。如果你发觉福利署的电话很难连通，别放弃，试着从另一个服务机构获得帮助。