老师请和我交往吧尤京:Unit8?基础知识整理

Unit 8 I will help clean up the city park基础知识
一、重点新词必备
1  hunger n. 饥饿        V. 渴求，渴望，常与for， after 连用       adj. Hunger   go hunger 挨饿
eg  I hunger for a new car
Many people went hungry because of the flood.因为水灾，有许多人挨饿。
2  establish  v. 建立，建造
辨析establish,build,set up, put up,found
＊Establish多用于创办学校，协会，建立国家，政府，制度等
We established this school ten years ago
＊build一般用于建房屋，桥梁，路道等也用于建立抽象的事物如社会主义。
A new road was built near their school
＊set up 用于把某物架起来，或立起来与第一相同意思，只是较口语化
The factory set up a night school last year .
＊put up 用于建临时性的房屋与第二相同，只是较口语化
The boys put up their tents in the woods
＊found 强调开始建立，创立。
The people’s Republic of China was founded on October 1 1949
3  fix  v. 修理    辨析 fix  repair  mend
＊     fix 在美语中与第二的区别不大
I was asked to fix the bicycle .
＊     repair 是指受到一定损坏的东西恢复到原来的形状或功能repair 的范围很广
I must have my car repaired.
＊     mend是恢复某物原来的样子（包括用针线）一般指较小的物体。
Will you mend this hole in my sock？
4  disable  adj. 肢体有残疾的   eg The girl is disable
注意the +adj. 表示这一类人，做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
eg the disable残疾人 the poor穷人   the rich 富人the young 年轻人the old 老人
5  pleasure  n. 快乐，愉快，高兴       with pleasure表示乐于接受或同意某事
eg Will you come with us ?---With pleasure .
辨析 please   pleased  pleasant  pleasure
＊     please v. 使满意      It’s hard to please all 众口难调
＊     pleased  adj.高兴的满意的主语是人，做表语
常用短语be pleased with 对…满意    be pleased to do sth 乐于做某事
eg I’m pleased to see you     They were pleased with the painting
＊ pleasant adj.令人愉快的令人高兴的主语为物
I hope you will have a pleasant holiday.
The walk is very pleasant
＊     pleasure  n. 快乐，娱乐，高兴     I go fishing for pleasure .
二、本单元短语
1.chean up 打扫干净     2.chear up 使振奋        3.give out =hand out分发
4.put off 推迟      5.set up=establish  建立、创立、开办    6.think up =come up with 想出
7.look after =take care of =care for 照顾
8、 fix up修理、修补好     repair sth 修理（较大的东西）    mend sth 修理、补（衣服或电器）
9.give away 赠送       10.put up = put sth on the wall张贴    11.work out fine 结局很好
12.at once=right away 马上     13.get to do sth 逐渐做……    14.work outside在外工作
15.help homeless people 帮助无家可归的人     17.give/sb sth=provide sb with sth 给某人某物
18.help do sth   帮助做某事         19.help sb do\\with sth帮助某人某事
20.come up with a plan 提出一个计划       21.put up advertisements 张贴广告
22.put off sth  推迟某事     23.write down sth 写下某事
24.set up a food bank建立一个食物储蓄站
25、 carry sth in one`s hand 拿着某物         carry sb. on one`s back 背着某人
carry sb in one`s arm  抱着某人      carry sth with sb. 随身带着某物
26.put sth to use 把…投入使用、利用
27. take after（外貌、性格等方面）与……相像     be similar to sb  与……相似
look like sb  （只指外表看起来像）              be the same as    和……一样
28.give away sth to sb 赠送某人某物
29.Sth use up(被动) /Sb. run out of sth （主动）   =don’t have any more sth  用完某物
30.spend time doing sth    =It take sb+ 时 to do sth   发时间做某事
31.tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事        33.be hungry  饥饿的
32.donate sth to sb =give away sth. to sb  向某人赠送某物
34.less(后缀表否定)—ful(表肯定)
homeless无家可归的   nameless匿名的   hopeless无可救药的  useless无用的
careless粗心的       careful细心的­
35.a major/great commitment 一个重大奉献        major in+学科
36.at the elementary school 在小学     37.become/be a veterinarian 成为一名兽医
38.coach a football team for sb  为某人训练一支足球队
39.help disabled 、blind、deaf people  帮助残疾人、盲人/聋人
40.It’s one’s pleasure to do sth 很乐意做某事
41.be able/unable to do sth  可能/不能做某事
42.shut up  闭嘴      43.support sb 支持某人    44.appreciate sb 感激某人
45Volunteer Day  志愿日    Clean-up Day  清洁日
46.not only …but also…  不仅…而且…     47.be home to   ….的家\是……的发源地
48.volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事          49.each of them  他们中的每个人
50.plan to do sth  计划做某事              51.in an animal hospital 一家动物医院
52.be a professional singer 一个职业歌手   53.volunteer project 志愿项目
54.test paper  考卷        55 solve=find out the answer of……
56.sport club 运动俱乐部          57.a photo of sb 某人的一张照片
58.send sth to sb 送某人某物      59.make it possible 使…成为可能
60、fill sth with sth 使…充满…    be filled with    be full of   用……装满
61.face the challenge 面对挑战联    62.ues one’s arm well 很好的使用某人的手
63.answer the telephone 接电话      64.open/shut doors  开/关门
65.carry sth  搬运某物        66.be difficult for sb 对某人来说很困难
67.a friend of mine(双重所有格) =one of my friends 我的一个朋友
68.get a specially trained dog 得到一只特别训练的狗
69.because of 因为        70.kind donation 慈善募捐     71.train to do sth 训练做某事
72.understand different instructions 明白不同的指示
73.fetch one’s sth  取来某人的东西        74.be used to do  被用于做某事
75.an amazing dog 一只迷人的狗      76.bring home 带回家    77.feel lucky感到幸运
78、call sb    call sb up   give sb a ring(call)    ring sb up
make a telephone call to sb    给某人打电话
79.make notes of=write down  写下、记下      80.make pen pals 交笔友
81.help sb. out 帮某人解决困难     appreciate sb   感激某人    support sb   支持某人
三、重点句型。
1  You could help clean up the city parks
＊help sb (to)do sth =help sb with sth
eg He helps me (to)do my homework  = He helps me with my homework
2  you could give out food at the food bank
＊give out =hand out 分发，发放  give away 捐赠gave in 屈服   gave off 发出  gave up 放弃
＊     hand in hand 手拉手   hand in =turn in上交
on the one hand 在一方面    on the other hand 在另一方面
3  …..，we can’t put off making a plan …
拓展put off 推迟，拖延 put up 张贴，挂起，建造   put down写下放下    put away收好，放好
put out 熄灭       put on 穿上
＊     think up想出，编造think about 考虑    think of 想起，认为    think over 仔细考虑
4  Not only do I feel good about helping other people ,but I get to spend time doing what I love to do .
帮助别人，不但我能感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做我喜欢做的事了
注意A  not only …but also不但…而且，可以连接相同的句子成分或并列分句，连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语
动词应与but also 后主语的人称和数保持一致（就近原则）
eg Not only you but also I am busy .
注意B not only ….but (also)连接两个简单句时，not only 可以放在句首，这时表示强调，所在句子要用部分倒
装，而but also 后的句子用正常语序
eg Not only did he say so ,but(also) he did so 他不仅那样说，也那样做了。
5  I take after my mother
＊take after 在外貌与性格等方面与父母相像（有血缘关系）
＊similar to 相似的，类似的，表示大致相同
＊look like 既可指外貌，也可指物体的形状
eg He takes after (looks like)his father
It looks like a cat           I am similar to her
My bike is similar to yours
拓展 take down取下    take place发生     take care 小心  take back 收回   take off  脱掉
四、单元短语总结：
clean up把…打扫干净 把..收拾整齐     cheer up 使振奋，使高兴起来    put off 推迟，推
set up 建立，创立，开办    come up with 想出，提出    give out 分发，发放    put up 粘贴，举起。
Take after 与……相像      give away 赠送 分发     work out计算出 发展
宾语是代词，要放在动词短语中间的动词短语
put on
穿上
hand in
交上来
put off
脱下
turn down
关小
turn on
打开
cheer up
使振奋
Write down
写下
clean up
打扫干净
put down
放下
fix up
修理
give up
放弃
eat up
吃光
give away
捐赠
take off
脱下
hand out
分发
try out
尝试
take out
取出
wake up
叫醒
pick up
捡起
shut down
关上
send up
发射
get back
取回
set up
建立
call up
打电话
turn off
关掉
look up
查阅
put away
收好
work out
算出
put off
推迟
slow down
放慢
think up
想写
cut down
砍倒
宾语直接放于动词短语后的动词短语
look after 照顾     look for寻找     get on 上车       take after长得像
ask for请求，询问     hear of听说    laugh at嘲笑     wait for等待
pay for付钱    think of想起   agree with同意