向前一步 pdf:英语语法大全

英语语法大全--音标- 48个国际音标表

(2010-04-22 22:23:08) 标签：

杂谈

8个国际音标表
[i:] [i] [E:] [E] [O:] [O] [u:] [u] [A:] [V] [Q] [e] [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au] [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z] [T] [D] [S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [m] [n] [N] [h] [r] [l] [w] [j] 英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音元音12个单元音长元音 [i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:]短元音 [i] [E] [O] [u] [V] [Q] [e]8个双元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au]辅音10对清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr] [ts]浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz]3个鼻音 [m] [n] [N]3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]2个半元音 [w] [j]巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后。
双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。
辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，
四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，
有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。关于语音的几个概念:
AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）
KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。
DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.
英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。
1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 58英语学习
元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house.
A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.
A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea
1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean
piece receive ceiling
2) [i]发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [?] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英语学习网
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control
around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [:] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) []字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) [] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book wood
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
19) [] 字母组合ear air ere
pear bear
chair air fair
there where
care
20) [uε] 字母组合our ower
hour tour
flower shower2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R：]

house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
[A][Q]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun
3辅音
1) pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk 58英语
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [T] that this those these though
18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [V] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach www.58en.com
24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
s] [W]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [T]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing5字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [[] [a:] [R]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [[] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble 58英语学习
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [N]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [[](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [[:] [i[]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [[:] [[] [i[]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [i[] [Z[]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [[:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ R:] [J[]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [J[] [R:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [Q] [[]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [[J] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth 58英语学习
clothes that this then than
26) sion [F[n] [V[n]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question    学好英语音标的正确的发音具有重要的实用意义。

        首先：增强你的信心。我们以前不是自己说出一个句子，全班同学都不懂吗？自己的天方之谈往往要等老师重复一遍才能让其他人明白。外国人听你说话，不是要伸长脖子，拱起腰骨，方能听明白你说的什么么？真替外教心痛。这时自己是不是心里总有些什么的么？如果我说一遍外教就心领神会，马上接上我的意思，我们看外教的眼睛，肯定是在发亮的，我们的心里不是很感到自豪么？          www.yinbiao1.com

         其次：能够帮助你记住单词。英语的发音是有其内在的很强的规律的，虽然这个规律并不是几十条发音规则就能完全涵盖包容。以我自身为例子，你随便给个单词我，无论什么生词，我都能正确说出它的读音，即使我从前未曾见过这个单词。为什么这样，这就是英语语音的内在规律。既然有这个规律，当我们记一个单词，把这个单词拼读出来的时候，这个内在的语音规律自然能够不自觉的发生作用，帮助你加深这个单词的记忆的。虽然这个规律是不能三言两语说清的。

       然后：增强阅读能力。好像发音跟阅读没多大关系的样子。阅读能力的好坏靠的不单止是词汇量和语法，还有个语感的问题。语感是个很虚的东西，不过可以感觉一下，我们读中文书籍，遇到不懂的字词，却仍然知道它大概的意思；看了这句话，知道下一句要说到甚么，等等，便是语感的作用。如果没学好正确的发音，是根本不能养成语感的，因为不正确的发音是游离的，不定的，试问游离不定的东西怎么形成专一的语感呢。

        最后：对听力的帮助。其实大家应该很容易明白这个好处。但我自己的观点比较保守，我认为发音正确听力并不能就没有问题。听力很多时候并不专注一个单词，我们听的是一个句子，专注于其中一个单词往往会让你听不懂整个句子。发音正确能够提高你的听力，但不能完全解决听力问题。字母组合　　a　　[æ] bag cat jam map happy sad back fact hand pan　　[ei] cake date face game paper lady mistake　　bandage climate palace village massage　　[?] about Canada China woman sofa address　　[ɑ:] arm car dark farm garden yard park market　　ai(ay)-[ei] aim fail may lay　　au-[?:] fault pause cause　　aw-[?:] draw hawk lawyer　　air-[??] chair fair hair pair　　are-[??] care dare share spare　　e　　[e] bed desk get leg lesson message neck pen rest send ten　　[i:] even fever he metre she these　　before collage cinema decide enjoy jacket　　[?] garden licence open silent excellent travel　　[?:] nerve serve term　　(重) assert certain her　　[?] dinner order farmer　　(非) concert perhaps　　ee-[i:] beef deep free green　　ea-[e] bread dead head ready　　-[i:] beat cheap each leaf　　ei-[ei] rein vein veil　　-[i:] ceiling seize　　i(y)　　big fish gift milk pick rich any copy enemy　　[ɑi] bike nine shine time silent title cry fly my sky style　　animal English family mistake capital　　[?:] bird first girl dirty　　[?] affirmation tapir　　ie-[i:] chief field piece thief　　igh-[ɑi] beight right light high　　o　　[?] box cock dog fox job on shop wrong　　[?u] go no code hope note rose smoke vote　　[?] memory obey today consider balcony　　[?:] for horse north short sport morning　　[?] actor doctor forget mirror comfort　　ou-[ɑu] about cloud found　　-[?u] mould shoulder soul　　-[u:] group route soup　　ow-[ɑu] cow down flower　　-[?u] bowl flow know　　oi-[?i] boil choice coin soil　　oo-[u:] boot food moon zoo　　-[u] book cook foot good　　[?] come some money none ton cover glove love mother other　　u　　[?] brush club dust fun gun just sun　　[u] bush full pull push　　[ju:] duty excuse future huge pupil use　　[?] autumn column injury industry support　　[?:] burn church hurt　　[?] murmur pursue　　surprise Saturday　　ui-[u:] juice fruit cruise　　-[ju:]suit suitable suitcase　　uy-[ai] buy guy　　ure-[ju?] cure pure secure　　-[u?] assure insure sure　　英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音因素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就因该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节以辅音因素p结尾就是闭音节。　　重读闭音节三要素：　　１必须是重读音节；　　２最后只有一个辅音字母；　　３元音字母发短元音　　重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.　　如:sit---sitting　　begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当与把gin该成双写的)　　像travel这种重读不在的vel，可以为travelled，也可以是traveled.