钢板厚如何计算:听说学英语必须熟读甚至背诵一些能够千古流传的经典作品（四）

15、 The Road Not Taken

[导读] 罗伯特．弗罗斯特(Robert Frost) (1874一1963)的诗歌备受喜爱，原因之一是未受过多少学校教育的人都看得懂。他却坚持使用日常语言，描写自己观察入微的日常事件。弗罗斯特的许多诗歌反映了他与大自然的贴近。他通过自然来表达一种象征意义，而不是什么田园式的思乡情调。《未选择的路》是弗罗斯特的一首名诗，作于1915年我们也会时时站在人生的交叉路口，不知道该做出怎样的选择。是走一条大家都走过的平坦的路，还是选择那条很少有人踩过小道的呢？不同的选择导致不同的人生轨迹和命运，这需要你自己慢慢去领悟。

Two roads diverged¹ in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay²
In leaves no step had trodden³ black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

[注释]

1、diverge：[daI5v\:dV] vi.(道路等)分叉 2、lay：to put or set down

3、trodden: tread的过去分词; 踏, 行走, 踩碎, 践踏

[参考译文] 未选择的路

黄叶林中出条岔路，

    无奈一人难于兼顾，

    顺着一条婉蜒小路，

    久久伫立极目远眺，

    只见小径拐进灌木。

    接着选择了另一条，

    同样清楚似乎更好，

    引人踩踏铺满茂草，

    踏在其间难分彼此，

    尽管它们都被踩过。

    清晨里躺着两条路，

    一样落叶无人踏黑，

    愿将第一条来日补，

    但知条条相连远途，

    怀疑日后怎能回返。

    在很久以后某一地，

    我将叹息诉说于人，

    两路岔开在树林里，

    我选的那条足迹稀，

而一切差别由此起。

[Your Comments]:

16．The Furthest Distance in the world

Tagore

The furthest distance in the world
Is not between life and death
But when I stand in front of you
Yet you don't know that
I love you.
The furthest distance in the world
Is not when I stand in front of you
Yet you can't see my love
But when undoubtly knowing the love from both
Yet cannot be together.
The furthest distance in the world
Is not being apart while being in love
But when I plainly cannot resist the yearning¹
Yet pretending you have never been in my heart.
The furthest distance in the world
Is not struggling against the tides
But using one's indifferent² heart
To dig an uncrossable³ river
For the one who loves you .

[注释]

1、yearning: 向往  2、indifferent: 漠不关心的  3、uncrossable: 无法跨越的

[参考译文]

世界上最远的距离
泰戈尔
　　　　 世界上最远的距离
　　　　 不是 生与死
　 而是 我就站在你的面前你却不知道我爱你
　　　世界上最远的距离
　　　不是 我就站在你的面前你却不知道我爱你
　　　而是 明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起
　　　世界上最远的距离
　　　不是 明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起
　　　而是 明明无法抵抗这股思念
　　　却还得故意装作丝毫不把你放在心里
　　　世界上最远的距离
　　　不是 明明无法抵抗这股思念
　　　却还得故意装作丝毫不把你放在心里
　　　而是 用自己冷漠的心 对爱你的人
　　　掘了一条无法跨越的深渠

[Your Comments]:

17．Lincoln（1809-1865）

 Gettysburg Address

[导读]葛底斯堡在美国宾夕法尼亚州。1863年7月1日至3日，北军在此重创了南军，扭转了战争局势。此战役后这里修了一个战争牺牲者的公墓。本篇是1863年公墓落成典礼上的演说词。Lincoln: Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), 16th president of the United States (1861-1865).  林肯，美国第十六任总统 Gettysburg: a town in Pennsylvania, also the site of a crucial battle of the Civil War in 1863.  盖茨堡，美国宾夕法尼亚州。一个历史名镇，一八六三年南北战争时曾为战场。

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.  It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom,—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

 [注释]

1、four score and seven years ago: eighty-seven years ago, here referring to the year 1776, when the United States of America declared its independence.  八十六年前，此指1776年美国宣布独立时。 2、brought forth: gave birth to.  缔造 

3、onceived in liberty: 以自由为理想 4、dedicated to: devoted to.  献身于

5、proposition n.:主张；信条 6、that all men are created equal:美国独立宣言明白揭示的真理∶“人类是生而平等的”  7、engaged in: 从事于  8、endure:  存续

9、a portion of that field: 那战场的一部分 10、final resting-place: 葬地；墓地

11、gave their lives: 牺牲生命；为国捐躯 12、in a larger sense: 依广义说

13、consecrate:奉为神圣 14、hallow: 尊为神圣 15、detract v.: 减损

16、thus far: 到如此地步 17、gave the last full measure of devotion: 鞠躬尽瘁

18、perish: v. 毁灭

[参考译文]

八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是生来平等的。
   当前，我们正在从事一次伟大的内战，我们在考验，究竟这个国家，或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家，是否能长久存在。我们今天在这场内战的一个伟大的战场上聚会，我们要献出这个战场的一部分，给那些为这个国家的长存而付出了生命的人作为他们最后的安息之所。尽管这样做是适当的、应该的，但在更大的意义上说，我们不能奉献这片土地——我们不能使之神圣——我们不能使之尊严，因为那些曾经在这里奋斗的勇士们（死去的和活着的）已经使这块土地圣化了，远非我们的微薄能力所能再增减。世人不会特别留意，更不会长久记得我们在此地所说的话，但那些勇士们在这里所做过的事，世界将永远不会忘记。相反，我们活着的人应该献身于那些曾在此作战的人们所英勇推动而尚未完成的事业。我们应该在此献身于我们面前未竟的伟大任务－－由于他们的光荣牺牲，我们应该从那些为这个事业已经付出了一切的死者身上获得更坚定的信念；我们在此立志誓愿，不能让勇士白白牺牲－－要使这个国家在上帝庇佑之下，得到新生的自由－－要让这个属于人民、依靠人民、为了人民的政府与世长存！

[Your Comments]:

18． Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

[导读]《风雪夜林旁驻足》是Robert Frost一首著名的诗歌。写的是雪夜美景？写的是守诺如一？写的是人生不得不向前行？不同的读者会有完全不同的理解。这就是文学批评中所说的“接受美学”的观点吧。

Whose woods these are I think I know,

His house is in the village though.

He will not see me stopping here,

To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer,

To stop without a farmhouse near,

Between the woods and frozen lake,

The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake,

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sound's the sweep,

Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep.

[注释]

1、queer：奇怪的。2、farmhouse：农舍3、harness：马具, 系在身上的绳子

4、downy：绒毛的, 柔和的5、flake：n. 薄片v. 使成薄片, 剥落, 雪片般落下

[参考译文]   风雪夜林旁驻足

我想我知道谁是这林子的主人，
他的家在村子那一头。
他不会想到，我竟在这里停伫，
只为看那树林里面雪落霏霏。

我那小马一定会感到奇怪，
为何在这里停下，悄无人迹。
这边是树林，那边是冰冻的湖，
又是在这一年中最暗的黄昏。

他摇了下颈上的铃铛，
似乎问我有何异常。
没有其他的声音，只有微风，
卷着鹅毛似的雪花，沙沙地拂过。

静谧的树林，深邃幽暗，
我虽向往，可是我还得如约向前赶。
安睡之前仍然长路漫漫，
安睡之前仍然长路漫漫。

[Your Comments]:

19．Winston Churchill: Blood, Sweat and Tears

丘吉尔是二战时期带领英国人民取得反法西斯战争伟大胜利的民族英雄，是与斯大林、罗斯福并立的“二战三巨头”之一，是矗立于世界史册上的一代伟人。丘吉尔未上过大学，他的渊博知识和多方面才能是经过刻苦自学得来的。他年轻时“每天阅读四、五小时的历史和哲学著作”，从柏拉图、叔本华、马尔萨斯、达尔文等名家的著作中吸取了丰富的思想营养。这使得他的思想深刻，意志坚强，也使他成为“杰出的、多才多艺的人”。丘吉尔是著作等身的作家、雄才大略的演说家、安邦治国的政治家、战争中的传奇英雄。他同时还是一个出色的画家，尤其擅长画油画风景。他一生中写了26部共45本专著，几乎每部著作出版后都在英国和世界上引起轰动，获得如潮好评。1953年，他被授予诺贝尔文学奖。他在第二次世界大战中的重要时刻，发表了许多富于技巧而且打动人心的演讲。他的幽默、机智、永不屈服的坚毅，给处于危机中的英国人民乃至世界各国人民，都带来了无比的激励与勇气。瑞典文学院在授予他诺贝尔文学奖的颁奖词中说：“丘吉尔成熟的演说，主题鲜明有力，内容壮观动人。犹如一股铸造历史环节的动力。……也许他正是以这伟大的演说，建立了永垂不朽的丰碑。”在英国处于历史危机的严峻关头，丘吉尔连续几个月每天只睡两三个小时。因为他的卓越领导，遏制了希特勒的势力，改变了二战的局势。丘吉尔改进和大量建造“陆地行舟”，使轮式装甲汽车演变成为威力巨大的现代坦克而被尊为"坦克之父"。他主持制定了“二战”中的许多战略计划，亲自着意培育了在当时乃至后来左右世界政治格局的英美关系。他在英国政坛上活跃了60年，多次当选为自由党和保守党的下院议员，两度担任首相。他的代表作品有《第二次世界大战回忆录》、《英语民族史》等等。丘吉尔在世人心目中已成为英国人民英勇不屈的斗争精神的象征。在最近英国的一次全国调查中，丘吉尔被评为“英国历史上最伟大的十人”中的第一位。

▲我所能奉献的没有其它，只有热血，辛劳，眼泪与汗水。 ▲我从不为行动担心，只担心不行动。 ▲民主制度不是最好的制度，但却是最不坏的制度。▲我的成功秘诀有三个：第一是，决不放弃；第二是，决不，决不放弃；第三是，决不，决不，决不能放弃！▲我必须承认我具有一种乐观自信的气质。尽管我看到事情的阴暗面是如此严重，但奇怪的是，当我每天早晨醒来，新的希望与力量又重新凝聚。

Blood, Sweat and Tears

May 13, 1940

On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.
   It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.
I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.
   It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.
   The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.
   I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. 's at the earliest opportunity.
   I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution:
  "That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion."
   To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.
   In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.
   I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.
   You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs---victory in spite of all terrors---victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.
   Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire¹, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse² of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.
   I take up my task in buoyancy³ and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.
   I feel entitled⁴ at this juncture⁵, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength."

[注释]

1、empire: 帝国  2、impulse: 推动力  3、buoyancy:轻快  4、entitled: 有资格的  5、juncture: 时刻；关头

[参考译文] “热血、汗水和眼泪” 1940年5月13日
　　上星期五晚上，我奉陛下之命，组织新的一届政府。
　　按国会和国民的意愿，新政府显然应该考虑建立在尽可能广泛的基础上，应该兼容所有的党派。
　　我已经完成了这项任务的最主要的部分。战时内阁已由五人组成，包括工党、反对党和自由党，这体现了举国团结一致。
　　由于事态的极端紧急和严峻，新阁政府须于一天之内组成，其他的关键岗位也于昨日安排就绪。今晚还要向国王呈报一份名单。我希望明天就能完成几位主要大臣的任命。
　　其余大臣们的任命照例得晚一些。我相信，在国会下一次召开时，任命将告完成，臻于完善
　　为公众利益着想，我建议议长今天就召开国会。今天的议程结束时，建议休会到5月21日，并准备在必要时提前开会。有关事项当会及早通知各位议员。
　　现在我请求国会作出决议，批准我所采取的各项步骤，启示记录在案，并且声明信任新政府。决议如下：
　　“本国会欢迎新政府的组成，她体现了举国一致的坚定不移的决心：对德作战，直到最后胜利。”
　　组织如此规模和如此复杂的政府原本是一项重大的任务。但是我们正处于历史上罕见的一场大战的初始阶段。我们在其他许多地点作战——在挪威，在荷兰，我们还必须在地中海做好准备。空战正在继续，而且在本土也必须做好许多准备工作。
　　值此危急关头，我想，即使我今天向国会的报告过于简略，也当能见谅。我还希望所有在这次改组中受到影响的朋友、同僚和旧日的同僚们对必要的礼仪方面的任何不周之处能毫不介意。
　　我向国会表明，一如我向入阁的大臣们所表明的，我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水我们所面临的将是一场极其严酷的考验，将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。
　　若问我们的政策是什么？我的回答是：在陆上、海上、空中作战。尽我们的全力，尽上帝赋予我们的全部力量去作战，对人类黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上空前凶残的暴政作战。这就是我们的政策。
　　若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来回答，那就是胜利。不惜一切代价，去夺取胜利——不惧一切恐怖，去夺取胜利——不论前路如何漫长、如何艰苦，去夺取胜利。因为没有胜利就不能生存。
　　我们务必认识到，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就不复有多少世纪以来的强烈要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。
　　我精神振奋、满怀信心地承担起我的任务。我确信，大家联合起来，我们的事业就不会遭到挫败。
　　在此时此刻的危急关头，我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要说：“来吧，让我们群策群力，并肩前进！”

[Your Comments]:

20． Do You Fear the Wind?

[导读] 哈姆林加兰（Hamlin Garland 1860-1940)生于威斯康星州，早年曾在爱阿华州和南达科他州住过。中学毕业后赴波士顿，决心描写他熟悉的地区。这首诗注重格律，讲究韵脚，是历来传唱的经典之一。

Do You Fear the Wind?

Do you fear the force of the wind,

The slash¹ of the rain?

Go face them and fight them,

Be savage² again.

Go hungry and cold like the wolf,

Go wade like the crane:

The palms³ of your hands will thicken,

The skin of your cheek will tan⁴,

You'll grow ragged⁵ and weary⁶ and swarthy⁷,

But you'll walk like a man!

[注释]

1、slash：抽打2、savage：野蛮的, 凶猛的3、palm: 手掌

4、tan：晒黑, 晒成褐色5、ragged：粗糙的6、weary: 疲倦的, 厌倦的

7、swarthy: adj.黑黝黝的, 浅黑的

 [参考译文]

你可害怕寒风凛冽,

你可畏惧大雨滂沱

去迎着风雨努力拼搏

还你原始本色

像狼一样去经受饥寒

像鹤一般去跋涉河川

你的手掌变得厚实粗壮

你的脸庞晒得古铜发亮

你会变得衣衫褴褛，皮肤黝黑，疲惫不堪，

但你步履沉稳，是个堂堂男子汉！

[Your Comments]: