偶看新闻抗剪强度指标的作用:听说学英语必须熟读甚至背诵一些能够流传千古的经典作品（一）
来源：百度文库 编辑：偶看新闻 时间：2024/04/29 15:00:47
1. William Shakespeare: To Be Or Not To Be
[导读]威廉·莎士比亚，这个世界上最伟大的诗人、最伟大的剧作家的名字可谓家喻户晓。出生于沃里克郡斯特拉特福镇的一个富裕市民家庭，曾在当地文法学校学习。13岁时家道中落辍学经商，约1586年前往伦敦。先在剧院门前为贵族顾客看马，后逐渐成为剧院的杂役、演员、剧作家和股东。1597年在家乡购置了房产，一生的最后几年在家乡度过。
莎士比亚是16世纪后半叶到17世纪初英国最著名的作家（本·琼斯称他为“时代的灵魂”），也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。他共写有37部戏剧，154首14行诗，两首长诗和其他诗歌。他在充分使用英语写作的同时，又极大地丰富了英语语言。莎翁的《哈姆雷特》是一部经典的代表作。这本书在表面情节上与历史的传说并没有多大的区别，讲的还是丹麦王子为父报仇的故事，其中充满了血腥暴力和死亡。正如剧中人霍拉旭所说：" 你们可以听到奸淫残杀，反常修理的行为，冥冥中的判决，意外的屠戮，借手杀人的狡计，以及陷入自害的结局。" 曲折选宕的情节，紧紧围绕着复仇而展开。哈姆雷特从德国的威登堡匆匆赶回国内，是来参加他父亲的葬礼的，使他不能接受的是，他未赶上父亲的葬礼，却目睹了母亲与叔叔克劳迪斯的婚礼，这已使哈姆莱特疑窦在心，加之夜晚在王宫城堡的露台上与父亲的亡魂相见，亡魂哀诉，这桩暴行是哈姆雷特的叔叔所为，并要他为父报仇。至此，他开始了艰难的复仇历程，与克劳迪斯展开了你死我活的较量。最终，向克劳迪斯发出了复仇之剑。
From “Hamlet”
To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether ‘tis1 nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings2 and arrows of outrageous fortune3,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them4? To die: to sleep;
No more5; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to6, ‘tis a consummation7
Devoutly8 to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance9 to dream: ay, there’s the rub10;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off11 this mortal coil12,
Must give us pause13: there’s the respect
That makes calamity14 of so long life;
For who would bear the whips and scorns15 of time,
The oppressor’s wrong16, the proud man’s contumely17,
The pangs18 of despised19 love, the law’s delay20,
The insolence21 of office and the spurns22
That patient merit of the unworthy takes23,
When he himself might his quietus24 make
With a bare bodkin25? Who would fardels bear26,
To grunt27 and sweat under a weary28 life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscover’d29 country from whose bourn30
No traveler returns, puzzles the will
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not on?
Thus conscience31 does make cowards32 of us all;
And thus the native hue33 of resolution
Is sicklied o’er34 with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pith35 and moment
With this regard their currents turn awry36,
And lose the name of action.----- Soft you now37! The fair Ophelia38!
Nymph39, in thy orisons40
Be all my sins remember’d41.
[注释]
1. ‘tis: it is 的古语。2. sling: n. the thing for throwing stones 投石器
3. outrageous: adj. Violent 暴虐的； fortune: n. fate 命运
4. by opposing end them: 通过斗争把他们扫清 5. No more. 什么都完了！
6. That flesh is heir to: 血肉之躯所不能避免的
8.devoutly: adv. in a devout manner
10. rub: n. the obstacle
13. pause: n. hesitation 踌躇
15. scorn: n. a feeling that a person is low
17. contumely: n. insulting contempt 侮慢
19. despised: adj. of being scorned 被轻视的
21. insolence: n. the quality of being insolent 粗野
23. that patient merit of the unworthy takes: 费尽心血换来的
25. bodkin: n. knife 小刀
29. undiscover’d: undiscovered 的古语30. bourn: n. boundary 界限
31. conscience: n. 顾虑
33.native hue: simple color 纯朴的色彩 34. sickly: v. make sickish 使有病容
35.pith: n. strength 力量
39. Nymph: n. (住在海上、河上、林中一带的)女神 40. thy: (古) your
41.sin: n. crime 罪
[参考译文]
哈姆莱特：生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们清扫，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去！这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！——女神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。
[Your Comments]:
2. My Luve's Like A Red Red Rose
by Robert Burns
O my Luve's1 like a red, red rose,
That's newly sprung2 in June;
O my Luve's like the melodie3
That's sweetly play'd4 in tune.--
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass5,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will love thee still, my Dear,
Till a' the seas gang6 dry.--
Till a' the seas gang dry, my Dear,
And the rocks melt wi'7 the sun:
I will love thee8 still, my Dear,
While the sands o'9 life shall run.—
[导读]Robert Burns 罗伯特·彭斯（1759－1796）苏格兰诗人，出身贫困，早年一直做劳务工作，大部分作品用苏格兰方言写成。
[注释]
1、luve’s: luve是love 的古语；luve’s=love is
3、melodie: melody
6、gang: 苏格兰语，走，去。相当于go
9、o’= of
[参考译文]
我的爱人是一朵红红的玫瑰
啊，我的爱人象朵红红的玫瑰，
六月里迎风初放。
啊，我的爱人象首乐曲，
旋律动听，悠扬。
我漂亮的姑娘如此美丽，
我深深地爱着你，
我将永远爱你，亲爱的，
直到海水干竭。
直到海水干竭，亲爱的，
直到太阳消融山岩。
我将永远爱你，亲爱的，
只要生命之沙滴漏依然。
再见吧，我唯一的爱人。
暂时别离
亲爱的，我还会回转
尽管相隔千山万里。
[Your Comments]:
3、Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities
[导读]查尔斯-狄更斯，英国大名鼎鼎的作家，是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。他笔耕一生，靠勤奋和汗水创作出《双城记》、《大卫-科波菲尔》等世界名著。作品艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。狄更斯在《双城记》一书开头就说，“这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代”。妙哉斯言（此句经常被引用）！这段文字中多个平行句（句子结构相同）而打动读者。文中句型的反复、形式上的对偶、内容上的对比、总体结构上的平行（排比），值得仔细体会。
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom1, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch2 of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity3; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair4; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.
[注释]
1、wisdom：智慧, 明智的行为, 学识
3、incredulity: 怀疑
[参考译文]
这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是明智的年代，这是愚昧的年代；这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日；我们面前拥有一切，我们面前没有一切； 我们都将直上天堂，我们都将直下地狱。
[Your Comments]:
If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance1 more often, and never give up a thing because it was difficult or inconvenient2. If we want light, we must conquer3 darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. “There are only two creatures4,” says a proverb, “Who can surmount5 the pyramids6 — the eagle and the snail.”
If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.
The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. I often hear grown up people say, “I could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so”, and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.
If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation7 of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty8 by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately9; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.
If I were a boy again, I would cultivate courage. “Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage, nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice10,” says a wise author. We too often borrow trouble, and anticipate that may never appear. “The fear of ill exceeds11 the ill we fear.” Dangers will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often conquer the worst of them. Be prepared for any fate, and there is no harm to be feared.
If I were a boy again, I would look on the cheerful side of life. Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon it, it smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return.
Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all that come in contact with it. “Who shuts love out, in turn shall be shut out from love.”
If I were a boy again, I would school myself to say “no” more often. I might write pages on the importance of learning very early in life to gain that point where a young boy can stand erect12, and decline doing an unworthy act because it is unworthy.
If I were a boy again, I would demand of myself more courtesy13 towards my companions14 and friends, and indeed towards strangers as well. The smallest courtesies along the rough roads of life are like the little birds that sing to us all winter long, and make that season of ice and snow more endurable15.
Finally, instead of trying hard to be happy, as if that were the sole purpose of life, I would, if I were a boy again, still try harder to make others happy.
[注释]
1、perseverance: 毅力
4、creature: 生物
7、cultivation: 培养
10、cowardice: 懦怯 11、exceed: 超越
13、courtesy: politeness
[参考译文]
假如我又回到了童年
假如我又回到了童年，我做事要更有毅力，决不因为事情艰难或者麻烦而撒手不干，我们要光明，就得征服黑暗。毅力在效果上有时能同天才相比。俗话说：“能登上金字塔的生物，只有两种——鹰和蜗牛。”
假如我又回到了童年，我就要养成专心致志的习惯；有事在手，就决不让任何东西让我分心。我要牢记：优秀的滑冰手从不试图同时滑向两个不同的方向。如果及早养成这种专心致志的习惯，它将成为我们生命的一部分。我常听成年人说：“虽然我希望能集中注意听牧师讲道或读书，但往往做不到。”而原因就是年轻时没有养成这种习惯。
假如我现在能重新开始我的生命，我就要更注意记忆力的培养。我要采取一切可能的办法，并且在一切可能的场合，增强记忆力。要正确无误地记住一些东西，在开始阶段的确要做出一番小小的努力；但要不了多久，记忆力本身就会起作用，使记忆成为轻而易举的事，只需及早培养，记忆自会成为一种才能。
假如我又回到了童年，我就要培养勇气。一位明智的作家曾说过：“世上没有东西比勇气更温文尔雅，也没有东西比懦怯更残酷无情。” 我们常常过多地自寻烦恼，杞人忧天。“怕祸害比祸害本身更可怕。”凡事都有危险，但镇定沉着往往能克服最严重的危险。对一切祸福做好准备，那么就没有什么灾难可以害怕的了。
假如我又回到了童年，我就要事事乐观。生活犹如一面镜子：你朝它笑，它也朝你笑；如果你双眉紧锁，向它投以怀疑的目光，它也将还以你同样的目光。内心的欢乐不仅温暖了欢乐者自己的心，也温暖了所有与之接触者的心。“谁拒爱于门外，也必将被爱拒诸门外。”
假如我又回到了童年，我就要养成经常说“不”字的习惯。一个少年要能挺得起腰，拒绝做不应该做的事，就因为这事不值得做。我可以写上好几页谈谈早年培养这一点的重要性。
假如我又回到了童年，我就要要求自己对伙伴和朋友更加礼貌，而且对陌生人也应如此。在坎坷的生活道路上，最细小的礼貌犹如在漫长的冬天为我们歌唱的小鸟，那歌声使冰天雪地的寒冬变得较易忍受。
最后，假如我又回到了童年，我不会力图为自己谋幸福，好像这就是人生唯一的目的；与之相反，我要更努力为他人谋幸福。
[Your Comments]: