手制图书教程【上】

赫尔墨斯

于2011-03-05 20:24:36翻译 | 已有349人浏览

自己开书店！

Introduction

入门

This is how I make my books; Thankyou to Sabine Pierard who taught me this technique. I hope this tutorial is easily utilised, especially by designers. Binding is art.

我就是这么制作书籍的。萨比娜·比埃拉（Sabine Pierard），谢谢你教会我这份手艺。我希望这个教程易学易做，尤其是对于创意者们来说。装订是一门艺术。

Equipment

工具

Stanley/X-acto Knife (anything sharp to cut paper and board)

1. 美工刀（其它足够锋利能裁纸剪纸板的刀具皆可）

Metal Ruler 24”

2. 24英寸钢尺

Bone Folder (shown in pictures later on, this is the most important tool, don't buy plastic ones, they snap)

3. 骨质刀（稍后图中可见，这是最重要的工具，不要用塑料的，会断。）

Large Sewing Needle

4. 大号缝衣针

A compact weight (a box full of change did the trick for me)

5. 小号砝码（我是用一满盒现金代替的）

Brush for Glueing

6. 浆糊刷

3 Jars to stash glue and water.

7. 浆糊罐

Set Square (optional but useful)

8. 方形框（不是必需的，但是很有用）

A slab of wood (optional, you'll understand later on)

9. 一厚片木头（不是必需的，一会你就明白了）

Tissues/Towel/Hankey to whipe brushes

10. 用来垫浆糊刷的棉纱/毛巾/纸巾

Supplies*

材料

Paper

1. 纸

Book Binding Glue

2. 订书胶水

Linen Thread (Gutterman is good)

3. 装订线（街上卖的就行）

Wallpaper Glue

4. 用来糊墙纸的胶水

Greyboard (hard board for the cover)

5. 硬卡纸（用作封面）

Manila Folders

6. 档案袋

Buckram/Fabric for the cover

7. 纤维网纸，用于封面制作

Cotton Tape/Ribbon

8. 棉布条/缎带

Mull/Jaconet

9. 软布/轧光棉布

Ribbon (for bookmark if desired)

10. 细丝带（如果想做书签的话）

A piece of 80gsm (roughly) cartridge paper

11. 一张80gsm的纸（grams per square meter）

Headbands (coloured strips that go at end of spines, not neccessary but they are decorative, make it looks professional and guard the spine from dust)

12. 发带（用来做书脊两端的彩色饰带，不一定要，不过很漂亮，能让书看上去非常专业，也可以阻挡灰尘）

Large sheets of scrap paper to glue on.

13. 一大张纸，涂胶水时垫在下面

The 1 Rule of Binding

装订诀窍之一

There is only one rule. The grain direction must go from head to tail. This is the secret to a good book that stays open. If you have the grain going the wrong way the paper will ripple, the fold will not be clean and the book will want to close itself.

这只是其中一条规则。纸张的纹理必须垂直地从头顺到尾。这就是一本好书翻开后就能一直摊开的秘密。如果把纸的纹路弄反了，纸就会起皱，折边也不整齐，书还总是会自己合上。

How to Find the Grain

    怎样找出纹理

This is an important step. We must find the grain of the paper. There are 4 ways.

这个步骤很重要，必须要找到纸的纹理。以下有四种方法：

1. Feeling

用手摸

最快最容易。轻轻地按压纸张，就像要折纸一样，把纸旋转90度再试一次。阻力最小的方向就是纹理的方向。当纸张很薄的时候，这个方法不太适用。

2. Folding

折纸看

从两个方向上直接把纸对折，折边比较清楚的那个方向就是纹理。方向不对的时候很容易觉察，折边会有小褶皱，而且需要更用力。

3. Tearing

撕纸

在两个方向上把纸撕开。撕开后比较平滑而且撕边比较清晰的就是纹理的方向。如果方向不对，撕边会毛毛的，而且纸会卷起来。

4. Wetting

把纸弄湿

湿纸会顺着纹理起皱，只要弄湿一角就能看出来了。

Cutting

剪裁

After finding the grain we are ready to begin. First, we need to pick the dimensions this will often be determined by the paper stock you get. I usually just semi fold it to get an idea of the options I have. For this book I decided to use the breadth of the paper folded a few times and then its height halved.

找出纸的纹路后就可以开始制作了。首先，我们要裁出大小合适的纸张，这一般取决于你手上的纸张型号。我通常就把纸对折，看看是什么尺寸。至于这本书，我决定把纸折几下，再取一半的宽度。

First, I removed the rough edges of the paper so I could measured it easily.

先裁去纸的毛边，以方便测量。

So then I cut the paper in half, and then half again.

然后把纸对折裁开，再对折裁开。

It's easier to use your knife rather than a pencil to mark half way points!

直接用刀裁比用铅笔标出中点容易多了。

Folding

折叠

So I decided to do 2-up, meaning for each paper section I used two pieces of paper, one inside the other. I chose 2 because it was a thicker stock, thinner papers can handle 3. Here is my technique for folding.

我决定采用两页装，即每两张纸叠在一起。因为这种纸比较厚，如果纸比较薄，三张纸叠在一起也可以。下面是折叠的技巧。

Lineup the edges

对齐边缘

Push down the middle and then move out.

在纸张中间按一下，然后沿整个边缘按压。

Give the fold a rub down with your bonefolder or maybe the back of a spoon or something if you don't have one. (Another good substitute is the tip of a potato peeler)

用骨质刀压平折边，用汤勺或别的替代一下可以。（土豆削皮器效果也不错）

Start organising your folded paper into sections

现在把折好的纸整理成套。

Your little pile will slowly build up; I find this good motivation. This is the first sign of a book, you can start to feel how much it will weigh and how it feels in your hands

你的小纸堆慢慢堆高了；这挺鼓劲的。这就是书最初的雏形了，你已经开始感觉到它最后会有多重，捧在你手里会是什么感觉。

Finally I press the paper for a little while under a weight, this is optional but I find it gives good results. Onto Sewing!

最后，把这叠纸放在重物下压一小会，这一步不是必需的，但是我觉得效果很显著。下面来缝订吧！

Sewing

缝订

This is the hardest section to explain. Before we get into the actual sewing we need to prepare the ribbons/tape. The tape acts as ribbing that we will be sewing around. It will help to secure the paper block to the cover and reenforce the spine. Yay!

这是最难讲解的一部分。在实际开始缝订之前，我们要准备一条带子。这条带子就像书的肋骨，帮助我们围绕它进行缝订。这将保证书与书脊能够充分地贴合。

First, find an edge of a table or preferably a slab of wood, the advantage of this is portability. Second, cut 3 pieces of ribbon (if you can't find this kind of tape, I sometimes just use offcuts of buckram in light colours). The ribbon should wrap around the spine with excess on either side. If your unsure use more than you need.

首先，找一个桌边，或者一块厚木板的边缘，厚木板的好处在于轻便易携带。然后，剪三条布带（如果没有这种带子，我有时也用浅色的硬纸板边角料）。带子要绕在书脊上，两边都要留空。如果不知道该留多少，就多留一些。

The next step is to measure out where the ribbons will be positioned. Try to keep an equal distance between them. Keep in mind that you can space the ribbons out by eye, but if you're a perfectionist like me you'll probably want to measure. If you position them badly, it will be visible because the they determine the gaps in the sewing. This might not be such a problem if your using white thread but in this book I used red.

下一步就是测出带子的定位点。尽量让三条带子之间距离相等。请注意，你完全可以目测带子的位置，但如果你是像我这样的完美主义者，你可能会愿意精确测量。如果位置放得不好，结果会显而易见，因为它们决定了缝订的距离。

You can also, depending on the shape of the book, use more or less than 3 tapes, usually two is fine but I wanted this book to be strong and durable, adding to the quality of the book.

根据书的形状不同，你也可以只用不止三条带子。通常两条就好了，但我希望这本书结实耐久，并且看上去品质良好。

There will be 2 holes quite close to the head and tail of the book, to keep it tight.

书脊两端有两个靠近边缘的洞，使之坚固。

Ok so now sticky tape the ribbon to the edge of the desk, wood, whatever.

弄好以后，现在把带子固定在桌子边缘或者木板上。

Then put the section over it where it should be (if you've measured the positions)

然后把书页放到准确的位置（如果事先测量好就方便一些）。

Hold the section in place and open it while placing your compact weight on the back page to keep it steady. We're now ready to start sewing this bad boy

扶稳纸张，把纸页翻开的同时压上你准备好的重物，要固定好，压稳。现在我们可以着手开始缝订这个小东西了。

Sewing Cont'd

Red and Black is the colour scheme, use the colour of the thread as a design element.

红色和黑色的线是很有设计感的选择。

The First step is threading the needle, the way I do it is to go through the eye then go back to the shorter end of the thread and push the needle through the middle of it. Then yank it, its pretty solid. The thread length depends on the size of the book, get enough to sew about half the book.

第一步是穿针。我穿针的方法是：先用针从线的中间穿过去，然后再把线顺进去。用力拉一下，很结实。线的长度取决于书的大小，一次留足订半本书的线。

OK! Start from either end but make sure you go IN first from the outside. I find the easiest way to do this is to prick the holes from the outside then sew the whole section at once. You want to make holes close to the ribbon but not too close, give them room to breathe, maybe 1 or 2 mm. LEAVE SOME THREAD AT THE FIRST HOLE TO TIE IT OFF!

搞定了，随便从那一段开始，不过切记针的走向是从外侧向里页。我觉得最简单的方法是从外向内扎针，然后一次把整页订完。针孔尽量靠近固定的带子，但也不要太靠近，要留一点空，大约一两毫米。在第一个针孔处多留一截线用来打结！

At this point, fold the first section back, give the thread a yank so it's firm and give it a rub on the fold with your bone folder. Now lift up your weight and put the second section on top. Set it up, with the new section open and the weight on top. Prick your holes in the new section using the lower section for reference and just head back the other way. You'll end up like this.

完成后，把这一张纸折回去，轻轻把线拉直，用骨质刀抹平。拿开你的重物，放上第二页纸。打开这一页，压好重物，继续缝好。穿针的时候以下面刚才订好的那一页为参照。完成后应该是这样：

Heres a diagram for all you silly billies

脑筋转不过来的小朋友请参照本图示：

After you've tied it off, go straight into the next section, sew along and you'll get to this.

打结后继续下一页，一直缝下去，如图所示：

Go under the previous section, going from the inside to the outside

从里向外穿过前面缝好的一页：

Pull it through!

拉下来：

Then grab the needle and go back through the big loop you made

穿针打结：

Make sure all the thread is pulled snug, not to tight though. Get it to about this stage and then give it a pull UPWARDS and do it quickly and firmly but don't yank it like a maniac. This is called a kettle stitch.

确保所有的线都是平直的，没有缠得太紧。把线绕成如图所示的样子，然后向上迅速拉一下，拉紧，但不要拼命使劲。这是一种打结方法。

I like to do this twice (for the win). Repeat this technique until the end.

我习惯打两遍结。重复上述步骤，直到完成全部缝订工作。

Note: The only place you need to do a double knot is at the start and finish of the paper block. As you sew it should just be: Go straight into the next section, sew along, do the kettle stitch then go straight into the next section, repeat. Try and keep the ribbons fairly firm and straight as you go and keep rubbing with your bonefolder.

备注：在开头和结尾的地方，必须打两个结。缝订的时候就这样：直接穿针进新的一页，沿着缝好，打个活结，然后缝下一页，重复上述步骤。在不断用骨质刀抚平纸张的时候，试着保持固定带的平整对正。

Connecting Thread

换线

You will inevitably run out of thread and need to connect two seperate pieces of thread to one another. ALWAYS JOIN THREAD INSIDE A SECTION not the outside.

你很可能会在缝订中途用完手上这根线，这就需要把两根线串到一起。永远在书页内侧换线，而不是外侧。

Sorry for the shodiness, rope diagrams are hard.

参考图示：

With your new piece of thread, curl it like this.

新换的线要这样卷一下：

Reach through the loops and grab the short end, bring it towards yourself.

将较短的一段穿过圆环，并且朝向自己：

Pull it through and lay it down on the paper approximately where you want the join to be.

再穿过圆环，放在纸上你打算换线的位置：

Now thread the old piece UP through the loop (not the circle)

然后把原来的线穿过去：

Try to make an acute point by folding the old thread to a point. You want the circle to wrap around the old thread at the acute point. Pull the end of the new thread so the circle gets smaller and closer to the old thread and eventual wraps around it, then pull it tight.

小心地拉线，把结打在你选好的那个位置。拉一下线，把结打紧。

Trimming

剪切

Finished sewing? Good. Remove it from the table/wood. Starting to feel like a book? Have a play around with it, make sure it opens ok and everything is fastened snugly.

缝订完毕？很好。把它从桌边或木头上拿开。开始感觉像一本书了吧？把玩一下，确保它能否正常翻页，一切是否都固定好了。

Now what we want is nice clean edges, take it to a printers, local stationery shop or anywhere that has a guillotine and someone you can trust will do it well, some local placed near me do it for free. DO NOT GO TO KINKOS, they are the devil. All you want is enough chopped off to make it squared off and straight.

现在我们希望它的边缘整齐一些。去复印店、附近的文具店或随便哪个有切刀的地方，找个能够信任的会做这活的人也可以。我家附近可以免费切纸。不要去金考（FedEx Kinko’s ，联邦快递金考快印连锁公司，隶属于联邦快递集团），他们是群混蛋。你需要的只是把毛边切掉，使之成为平整的四方形。

This book has a curved spine, French style. You don't have to do it like this but I enjoy it. To get the curve you want just start pushing and shaping the spine by hand, when you have the curve desired put a weight on top and position it at the edge of the desk or your piece of wood, we're going to glue it!.

我的这本书书脊是弯曲的，法国风。你不一定也得弄成这样，不过我很喜欢。让书脊弯曲，只要用手推推挤挤就行了，整出你喜欢的形状后，在上面压一些重物，放在桌子或那块木头的边上。我们要开始上胶了！

未完待续 请看 手制图书教程【下】