嫩拼音是什么:悬垂结构&独力主格结构
来源:百度文库 编辑:偶看新闻 时间:2024/05/03 03:07:33
悬垂结构 Dangling Element的定义
一般在一个句子中,修饰语必须清楚地修饰句中某个词或短语,如果它不修饰句中的任何成分,而处于悬浮状态,这样的修饰语即为悬垂结构(Dangling Element)。
Climbing up the tower, the whole city came into our view.
悬垂结构 的理解
分词短语在句子中作状语时,其逻辑主语(亦称隐含主语)通常应是整个句子的主语;如果不是,而且其本身也不带自己的主语(如在独立主格结构中),就被认为是一个语言失误。这个分词就叫做“悬垂分词”(dangling participle)或“无依附分词 ”(unattached participle)。例如:
(1)Getting down from the bus,my ankle was sprained.
(2)Driving to Chicago that night,a sudden thought struck me.
由 悬垂结构 造成的错误
(1)悬垂分词
误: Being Sunday, they went for a picnic.
正: It being Sunday, they went for a picnic.
正: As it was Sunday, they went for a picnic.
(2)悬垂不定式
误:To swim properly, a course of instruction was necessary.
正:To swim properly, one needs a course of instruction.
(3)悬垂简式从句
误:When a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.
正:When he was a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.
在学习语法过程中,请掌握技巧,然后理解消化.
独力主格结构(the absolute structure)的定义
由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。如果不一致的话,分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语(名词或代词),构成分词的独立结构,即独立主格结构(或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构,也有人把它视作固定表达)。
独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
独立主格结构是介于分词和主谓句之间的非谓语形式,对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致,而独立主格则在很大程度上克服了这一局限性
1、主要特征
(1) 独立主格是含有主语的分词结构,分词与主语间是主谓关系,
基本形式为:主语 现在分词或过去分词
如:his heart bleeding
the baby crying
the project completed
The school being over, the street was full of the students.
= When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
(2)切记独立主格不等同于主谓结构,
比较:my mind wandering (独立主格);
My mind was wandering (主谓结构)
(3)独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn't utter a word. (独立主格)
对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
Filling his mouth with water, he couldn't utter a word.
2. 在句子中的作用
独立主格结构通常在句中表示时间、条件,原因、伴随状态等
如:The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (时间)
Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (条件)
Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴随)
例题:
(1)
----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
(A) If
(B) But
(C) With
(D)Once
答案:C
解释:句中主干完整, 主语是designers, 谓语是are attempting, 之后是不定式构成的宾语. 空白后 becoming 采取分词形式, modern offices是becoming的逻辑主语, 因此可确定需填入的词会与原句构成独立主格结构, 而不是从句, A B D可一次性排除, 其实此句除去空白处, 已是完整的句子, 类似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
注意: 表示伴随状态的独立主格结构通常可以由with引导, 如本例题.