ios戴铭:中国之富，拆迁之痛

北京——一个发生在现代中国习以为常的故事，却预示了悲伤的结局。一群人早上醒来，却发现自家房子上贴着拆迁的通知。面对政府给出的少得可怜的补偿，他们拒绝，紧接着就要遭受暗无天日的骚扰。铲车趁着深夜开进小区，严阵以待。政府强权又被抹上了浓墨重彩的一笔。

But the struggle unfolding at Huaxiang World Famous Garden, a gated, suburban-style community on the exurban fringe of the capital, is not like a majority of redevelopment battles that each year lead to the forced eviction and dispossession of countless families. 

花乡世界名园，北京城边上一个郊区建筑风格的小区，小区的大门隔住了外界，然而就在这远离尘嚣的地方，一场拒迁风暴正在上演。在中国，因城区规划而引发的官民冲突，年年发生；因拒迁而被赶出家门没收房产的，也大有人在；但这次强拆事件却另有文章。

The residents involved are by and large middle class and privileged — doctors, financiers, retired government bureaucrats — who thought they were immune to such capriciousness. Among their ranks is one of China’s most successful fiction writers, Yan Lianke, whose satirical novels about famine, AIDS and the cruelties of the Cultural Revolution plumb the suffering of ordinary Chinese. 

卷入这次冲突的居民大多是中产阶级和上层社会——医生，金融家，退休政府官员——他们从未想过这种事会发生在他们身上。他们当中，就有中国最成功的小说家阎连科，他的讽刺小说多涉及饥荒，艾滋及残酷文革等题材，深刻反映了中国普通大众的疾苦。

Just as notable is that their subdivision is new, the oldest house no more than five years old. At least three of the homes were completed this year. The local district government, however, says the residences and their pampered gardens must give way to a road-widening project that was announced in July. Everyone was given just three weeks to leave. 

值得注意的是，居民的房子都是刚建不久，最老的也不过五年，今年刚完工的至少就有三套。尽管是刚入住的小区，当地政府竟以居民区影响将在七月启动的公路扩建项目为由，责令居民割舍花园，三个星期之内搬出小区。

The neighborhood’s 32 holdouts, who note that their homes are dozens of yards from the road, suspect a land grab by local officials eager to cash in on Beijing’s stratospheric real estate values. “We thought these things happen to peasants in the countryside or voiceless city people with no education,” said Wang Jilin, 56, a retired pediatrician whose elderly parents and brother also built homes in the complex, which until recently had 41 households. 

拒绝搬迁的32户居民发现小区距离公路有几十米远，他们怀疑当地政府官员考虑到北京的高房价，想就公路冲占土地为由，获取高额的拆迁补偿。“我们以前认为这种事只会发生在农村，还有那些缺乏话语权的下层市民身上，”56岁的儿科大夫汪继林说，自从退休后，他和年老的父母还有兄弟就都在这里安了家，现在楼区一共有41户居民。

The clash would seem to suggest a new wrinkle in the seemingly ubiquitous fights over land that  have become one of the most nettlesome challenges to the stability so prized by the ruling Communist Party. Last year, the government-run Research Center for Social Contradictions found that forced evictions, more than all other issues combined, were the driving cause behind the 180,000 so-called mass incidents — protests, riots and group petitioning — counted by one prominent sociologist in 2010. 

这次冲突再次凸显了全国上下普遍存在的土地纠纷问题，对于长期以稳定自居的共产党来说，无非成了最头疼的问题，最大的挑战。去年，由政府组织的社会矛盾研究中心研究发现，强迫搬迁引发的社会问题，已经超过其他所有社会问题的总和，成为激化社会矛盾最主要的因素。 据国内一名著名社会学者统计，去年共发生社会群体事件180,000件，其中包括抗议，暴乱，集体上访等社会问题。

Even if the government works hard to keep such incendiary events out of the official media, nary a month goes by without news of a desperate evictee taking drastic measures. 

尽管政府极力掩盖类似煽动事件，避免外国媒体曝光，纸包不住火，不出一个月，一些居民因遭强拆而疯狂报复的新闻就满世界皆知。

In May, a dispossessed farmer in the southern city of Fuzhou bombed government buildings, killing himself and two other people. A month later, a man defending his property in Hunan Province set himself alight after demolition crews approached his home. 

五月，南部福州市的一位农民因房子遭没收，就采取了自杀性爆炸式袭击，炸毁了政府大楼并造成另外两人死亡。一个月后，湖南省一男子为捍卫私人财产，用自焚的方式反抗逼近自己家的拆迁部队。

The holdouts of Huaxiang World Famous Garden are fighting back in familiar and creative ways. Stonewalled by bureaucrats at Beijing’s main petition office, they have tried to draw interest from the Western news media, joined ranks in a homeowner’s association and festooned the neighborhood with propaganda banners that promise an ugly ending. “We pledge to sacrifice our blood and lives to defend our homes,” reads one. 

花乡世界名园的拒迁群众正在与政府对抗，除了采取惯用方法，他们也想出一些新的手段。上访无门，他们就努力吸引西方媒体的关注，加入群众自发组织的行列，在社区周围打上宣传条幅，其中一幅写着“誓以鲜血与生命捍卫家园”，如此绝境，令人汗颜。

The local authorities have so far shown they are not afraid to spill blood, or at least knock a few heads. A week after the eviction notices went up, excavators arrived at midnight to claw at the subdivision’s perimeter wall. Residents say that as many as 100 men, many dressed in black, were sent to hold them in check. 

目前为止，当地政府并不怕斗得头破血流。拆迁令下达仅一周，拆迁部队就开进小区，推翻围墙。 居民称有多大一百人身穿黑衣，被派至现场，制止群众反抗。

When one resident, a 58-year-old taxi driver named Gao Yuan, tried to photograph the assault, he was kicked by several men who then smashed his camera, he recounted. “The police just sat in their squad cars clipping their fingernails,” he said. Other residents, some elderly, said they were roughly tossed aside. One woman claims to have suffered a heart attack after she was detained overnight at a local police station. 

其中一名居民，58岁的出租车司机高远，对混乱现场拍照时，当场被几名男子抓住后就是一阵拳打脚踢，相机也当场损毁。他回忆说，“当时一群警察就坐在车上修指甲。”也有年纪大些的居民说，他们被粗鲁地推到边上。一位女士称，她被当地派出所拘留的当晚，引发了心脏病。

Gao Lirong, the propaganda director for the Huaxiang township, brusquely refused to comment on the standoff when reached by telephone. The company hired to handle compensation and demolition also declined to answer questions. 

郭丽蓉，花乡名城的宣传总监，在要求对发生的对峙事件发表看法时，蛮横地拒绝了电话采访。公司正在着手理赔，并拒绝回答任何问题。

In recent weeks, that company has turned up the pressure. From morning until sundown, a van drives through the neighborhood blaring warnings. “Don’t be influenced by other people who might cause you unnecessary loss,” the loudspeaker says again and again. Daily text messages that clog residents’ cellphones drive home that point. More than one resident has had a window smashed. A half dozen homes, their owners having folded, have already been leveled. 

最近几个星期，公司正在施加压力。从早到晚，他们驾车在社区周围来回走动，喇叭一遍一遍地警告居民，“不要受他人影响，这样会造成你不必要的损失。”为了让大家清醒，他们一刻不停地发短信，居民手机上全塞满了这些信息。一些住户的窗户甚至被砸烂。有几家户主放弃反抗，房子很快被夷为平地。

On the face of it, the compensation in this case appears generous: 1.6 million renminbi, or about $252,000, for each household. Residents, however, point out that the figure ignores the differing values of each home. Some homes cost twice that, their owners say. 

表面上看，160万人民币，约合25.2万美元的赔偿，就事件本身而言并不算少。但有居民指出，赔偿金额并未体现出每个住户的不同，有些房子的价格比起其它的要多出一倍来。

More than a few say the fight is not just about money. Mr. Yan, the writer, wants to know the truth about the road project, which he believes is a pretext to clear valuable land. His suspicions have been heightened by the government’s refusal to reveal plans for the expanded road or explain how it came up with its nonnegotiable compensation terms. 

还有很多人称他们反抗不是为了钱。作家阎先生仅仅想了解公路项目背后的真相，他认为修建公路只是拆迁房子的借口。政府拒绝公开公路扩展计划，也没有解释赔偿条件是怎样协商的，这就更加断定了他的猜测。

With water and electricity already cut and demolition crews threatening to arrive without warning, Mr. Yan vacated his house last week, leaving its interior strewn with discarded books and magazines. 

断水断电，又面临拆迁部队突如其来的威胁，阎先生已经搬走一个多星期了，只剩下一屋子的书刊，散落一地。

A self-deprecating man whose quiet demeanor belies his provocative prose, Mr. Yan, 53, says he was inspired by Henry David Thoreau three years ago to buy a house where he could contemplate the interplay of man and nature. Even if a nearby rail line loudly announces itself every few minutes and the surrounding fields are quickly sprouting glass-and-steel high-rises, the subdivision itself is enveloped in dense greenery. 

53岁的阎先生处事低调，温文尔雅，很难想象如文章里那样激愤。他说，他是受梭罗启发，三年前在这里买下了一套房子，希望在只有人与自然的世界里，做一次沉思。尽管不远处每隔一会儿就传来火车的鸣笛，周围的田野也将变得高楼耸立，但是，阎先生的家依然是绿树环抱，颇有意趣。

Mr. Yan does not face homelessness. As an army veteran, he has a government-assigned apartment in the north of the capital. But the experience of recent months has been enlightening in a way that only a novelist whose books are occasionally banned can appreciate. 

阎先生不会无家可归，他是退伍军人，在市北郊有国家分配的房子。但是，近几个月发生的事令他深受震撼，其中的原因，也只有一位作品时而被禁的小说家，才能感受得出。

He has gained a firsthand appreciation for China’s porous legal system, he said, and for the naked rapaciousness of public officials. And he has come to better understand what feeds the anxieties that rack so many of those who have prospered during the past three decades of economic reform. 

他说，他如今亲身感受到了中国法律体系的漏洞百出，亲眼看到了官员对公共财产赤裸裸的掠夺。并且他更清楚地看到，经济改革三十年来，有钱人越来越多，究竟是什么在满足他们骚动的虚荣心。

“There is nothing Chinese people can rely on — the government, the law — so people put all their energy into acquiring material things,” he said. “But even when they have money and a nice home, they feel their future is still unpredictable.”

“中国人无所依靠——无论是政府还是法律，”——因此人们把所有经历都放在追求物质上——但当他们有了钱有了房，却仍然看不到未来。”