公主岭领袖世家小区:俄罗斯最大的飞机发动机制造厂

译注：“Motor Sich”是乌克兰的一家世界上最大的飞机和直升机发动机制造厂。同时还生产工业用的燃气轮机。目前生产的D-18T涡扇发动机，为超大型飞机安-124和安-225提供动力。

毫无疑问，该厂的工作人员充满了爱国的热情，但是，工作场所的墙上到处贴满了美女的照片。 

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工人的休息间，和到处可见的其他工厂并没有两样。

难道这样的生产环境能生产”第五代“战斗机使用的发动机？

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应当强调的是，即便在老车间内也已经在安装一些重要的新型加工设备 - 加工中心。

未经允许时不得进入发动机装配车间，因此我们只能在金加工车间看看。

这家工厂始建于1912年，就是这家工厂生产的各类发动机将俄罗斯的飞机制造业成为世界闻名。

小道消息称日本向该公司订购了四台某种型号的发动机，这些钱足以用来重修工厂的体育场。

背景资料：

莫斯科机器制造厂（MMPP）– Salut拥有将近100年的飞机引擎制造历史

莫斯科机器制造厂（MMPP）– Salut – 始创于1912年。1912年，一家法国公司在现在这座工厂附近建造生产车间，开始在俄罗斯生产首批飞机引擎。这些引擎被称为“Gnome”引擎，被安装在当时流行的Moskva、Newpore-4、Farman-16、Moran-Zh等飞机上。

该工厂很快就开始了自己的开发活动。在二战前，该公司生产了各种飞机引擎，包括安装在当时世界上最大的飞机Maxim Gorky上的引擎。Salut引擎还为从莫斯科经北极到美国的第一次连续飞行提供了动力。在二战期间，该工厂为富有传奇色彩的IL-2装甲战斗机生产了10,000台AM-38F引擎。1947年，该工厂主导了苏联第一台涡轮喷气式发动机TR-I的生产制造。从此，该工厂不断为著名的生产型飞机制造引擎。1984年，该工厂在开发AL-31F引擎时引入了新的工程程序。使用AL-31F引擎的Su-27飞机拥有30项左右的世界纪录。

Salut现在从事飞机引擎的设计、生产和售后服务，是俄罗斯在该行业中最大的贸易公司。Salut目前的经营范围包括：AL-31F引擎（用于“Su”系列飞机）；为Su-22和MiG-25飞机提供引擎修理；为Be-200、Tu-334、An-74、TK-200、Tu-230、An-70、An-180以及Yak-130飞机使用的引擎生产装配和部件；GTE-20S动力设备。Salut目前的员工总数为23,000人，其中14,000名在母公司工作。

Moscow Machine-Building Production Enterprise Salyut is the biggest Russian dedicated factory as regards the manufacture and maintenance of the Su family aircraft engines, manufacture of parts and units for Beriev Be-200, Tupolev Tu-334 and Tu-230, Antonov An-70 and An-180 aircraft as well as for gensets.

MMPP Salyut has led Russian aircraft engine production in terms of sales. Its turnover exceeded $270 million (with profits of $58 million) in 2001, rose to $300-320 million in 2002, and is estimated to climb to $400 million in 2003. Sales of AL-31F engines constitute 70% of total sales. The company specializes on deliveries to China, thus splitting the market with UMPO, which covers deliveries to India.

The federal state unitary enterprise MMPP "Salyut" traces back to the beginning of series production of engines for the flight vehicles in Russia. The Salyut Moscow Machine-Building Production Association dates back to 1912, when the Gnom (Gnome), Russia's first aircraft engines production plant, started manufacturing piston engines for the Newpor and Farman aircraft. In 1912 in Moscow is created Russia's first series plant "gnome" (subsequently Icarus #2, plant 24 im. Frunze, 45 plant, MMPP "Salyut") on the production of the aviation motors "gnome" of French construction, for the aircraft: "Moscow", "Nieuport -4", "Farman -16", "Moran- zh".

In 1923 plant "Icarus # 2" let out the first powerful Soviet motor M-5, the construction KB of plant, for the aircraft: The i-th, I -2 (destroyers); The r-th, R -2 (intelligence officers), MR -1 (marine intelligence officer); TB-Y (bomber).

In the thirties, the plant, then called plant No. 24 named after M.V. Frunze, produced A.M. Mikulin-designed engines that powered the TB-3, Soviet first heavy bomber. In 1930 is mastered the series production of design project leader Aleksandr Alexandrovich mikulin's engines AM-34, who is the ancestor of the large family of motors AM, (DIN -34, AM-35, AM-3D, AM-37, AM-38, AM-38F) for aircraft TB-E (GREATEST INTEGER), DB- A, ANT-25, R -7, etc. In 1934 was built the largest in the world aircraft "Maxim Gor'kiy" (ANT-20). On the aircraft were established 8 engines AM-34 of plant 24 im. Frunze, designer of the engines A.A. Of mikulina. Pilots M. Gromov and I. Zhukov on the aircraft "Maxim Gor'kiy" raised the record load of 10 tons and 15 tons to height 5000 it was meter. In 1937 is perfected the continuous flight V.P. of Chkalov, G.F. Of baydukova, A.V. Of belyakova on the aircraft ANT-25 with the motor AM-34 from Moscow through the north pole to America.

Immediately after the war Salyut started jet engines production. Its first ones were A.M. Lyulka-designed TR-1 turbojet engines for the Sukhoy Su-11 and Ilyushin Il-22 prototypes, and V.Ya. Klimov-designed VK-1 turbojets for the most popular MiG-15 and MiG-17 fighters and the Il-28 frontline bombers. In 1943 the plant mastered production and was in series let out engine AM-38F for the armored attack aircraft IL-2. In the years of war were produced more than 36 thousand attack aircraft IL-2. On more than 10 thousand were placed the motors of the plant of # 45.

In 1947 at the plant mastered the production and underwent official tests the first domestic turbojet engine of design project leader arkhip Mikhaylovich lyul'k for aircraft SU-11, I -211, IL-22. In 1948 is mastered the series carrying out of jet engine VK -1 and its modifications VK -1A, VK -1F of design project leader Klimov Vladimir yakovlevich for the aircraft MIG-15, MIG-17, IL-28, TU-14.

In 1956 it mastered the series production of the jet engine AL -7-F1 of the design project leader A. m. lyul'k for the aircraft SU-7, TU-9 and SU-7B. Series fighter-bomber SU-7B developed the speed of 2140 km/h. Beginning from 1957, plant No. 45 (Salyut Moscow Engine Plant since 1963) produced the AL-7F-1 Lyulka turbojets for the Su-7B fighter-bombers and Su-9 fighter-interceptors. In 1965, it started producing S.K. Tumansky-designed R15B-300 engines for the MiG-25 high speed interceptors and reconnaissance aircraft, and in 1972 the AL-21F-3 engines' production for the Sukhoy Su-17 fighter-bombers and Su-24 frontline bombers began.

In 1962 it mastered the series production of the jet engine R -15B-300 of design project leader Sergey Constantinovich tumanskiy. It was established on the aircraft MIG-25. Is established speed record - 3000 km/h and ceiling of a height - 37000 m, and a total of it is more than 20 world records.

In 1972 it mastered the series production of the engine AL-21F of the design project leader OF A.M. cradle for the aircraft SU-17, SU-20, Su-22, SU-24.

In 1984, Salyut started producing the forth generation AL-31F turbojet designed for the Su-27, one of the world's best fighters. The jet engine AL-31F was developed by the design project leader A. m. lyul'k.

In 1988 it mastered the production of the parts of the engines of design project leader Fedor Mikhaylovich muravchenko DYAE'T-Y together with plants AO "motorsich" of g. Zaporozh'ye and AO umpo Ufa for the aircraft Tu-344, Yak-42m, AN-74, b -200. In 1989 the series production of the engine AL -31F of the third series is mastered. A number of fundamentally new technological processes is inculcated in the production. On the aircraft SU-27 with the engines AL -31F it is established near 30- TI of world records.

By 2002 Salyut was diversifying its production sites. As part of this strategy, it has purchased the Topaz plant in Chisinau (Moldova) and plans to acquire the Pribor plant in Bendery (Transdniestria). It already owned production facilities in Gavrilov-Yam, Naro-Fominsk, Seim and Faustov in Russia.

Currently, Salyut is specializing in aircraft engines production, repair, and maintenance. The plant produces and repairs the AL-31F and R15B-300 turbojet engines designed for military use. It also produces assemblies and components of the D-436T1 aircraft engines designed for civilian aircraft.

Today MMPP "Salyut" - the important Russian specialized enterprise for production and service servicing of aircraft engines AL-31F/FP (for the aircraft of family SU) and AL-55, on the repair AL-21F (for Su-22) and R-15B-300 for MiG-25, production is main and details for D -436 (modifications for b-200, Tu-334 and Tu-230), D -27 (for An-70, An-180 b -42) and power plants Togte-2shchu.

Today FNPTS MMPP "Salyut" is one of the leading enterprises of the aircraft industry. Enterprise specializes in production and servicing of aircraft engines for the aircraft of the family of sous, production of separate parts for the aircraft An-74, b -200, Tu-334, and also for the ground-based gas-pumping installations.