国产figma 2035:History of Religious Taoism 道教

Late in the Han dynasty （beginning of the 3rd century A.D.） a branches of Taoism， such as Yellow Turban Movement and the Celestial Masters Sec， ， became a popular revolutionary cults. The former， led by the three Chang brothers， promised immortality to ordinary people. Hundreds of thousands of destitute people flocked to their banner， holding great public gatherings， confessions of sins and even uninhibited orgies. Although the movement fell apart， it was one of the key factors that de-stabilized the Han dynasty and lead to its downfall.

　　However， even in the time of the Six Kingdoms （220 to 618 A.D.） Taoism continued to attract many refugee intellectuals， fleeing from the barbarians in the North.

　　Particularly important to the development of Taoism in China was the rein of the Emperor Li Lung-chi （a.k.a. Hsuan Tsung） who ruled for 44 years and was a fervent adherent of Taoism. Deeply absorbed in its study he tried to create a Taoist state in which capital punishment would be abolished and animals would be treated humanely. He established hospitals for the sick and poor and was an accomplished musician， equestrian， calligrapher and astronomer.

　　A true mystic Li Lung-chi once had a vision of Lao Tsu who told him where to find a true likeness of him. The image was， in fact， discovered and replicas of it were made and installed in temples across the realm. He also told his ministers that once while burning incense in a shrine he had been wafted up to Heaven.

　　道教是以“道”为最高信仰的中国本民族固有的传统宗教，它是在中国古代宗教信仰的基础上，沿袭方仙道、黄老道某些宗教观念和修持方法而于东汉时逐渐形成。它相信人经过一定修炼可长生不死，成为神仙。将老子及其《道德经》加以宗教化，尊老子为教主，奉为神明以《道德经》为主要经典，并对之作宗教性的解释。创始时主要流行于民间，并成为某些农民起义的组织者和旗帜。魏晋以后，部分社会影响较大的道教徒因受封建统治者的扶植和利用，导致道教逐渐上层化并与儒家纲常名教观念相结合；在有些朝代还卷入了宫廷政治活动。而在民间则继续传播通俗形式的道教，从中还衍化出一些秘密宗教组织，在有些农民和平民的反压迫、反剥削斗争中，继续发挥其组织和纽带的作用。

　　道教在其长期发展过程中，随着派别的不断繁衍增多，同时也积累了大量的经籍书文，后多汇编入《道藏》，其中许多有历史价值的文献，对于中国社会的政治、经济、哲学、文学、艺术、音乐，以及医学、药物学、养生学、气功学、化学、天文、地理和社会心理、社会习俗等各个方面曾产生过不同程度的积极影响，在中国传统文化中占有重要的地位。