暗影 卡卡西cosplay:怎样成为更加成功的语言学习者(三)
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(12)对你的学习负责
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(13)5 always
QUESTIONNAIRE 2
GRAMMAR
1. When you study grammar, do you look for a pattern or rule and refer to what you already know about this particular structure?
2. When you complete grammar drills, do you always strive for 100% mastery?
3. In studying grammar, do you use your knowledge of your own and other foreign languages to try to make sense of the new language?
4. Do you try to use the sentence patterns of the language you are studying?
5. When you don’t know or can’t recall a structure you need, do you use one you know or a combination of simpler structures instead?
A high score on this section (20-25) indicates that you have effective grammar learning strategies. A low score (less than 10) indicates that you should consider modifying your approach to learning grammar.
VOCABULARY
1. Do you try to remember words by using them in context, i.e., in a conversation or in writing?
2. Do you try to organize the words that you have to learn into meaningful groups?
3. Do you check yourself after you finished studying a list or group of words?
4. Do you associate new words with those you already know?
5. Do you periodically review vocabulary you studied earlier?
A high score on this section (10-25) indicates that you have effective vocabulary-learning strategies. A low score (less than 10) indicates that you should consider modifying your approach to learning new wods.
SPEAKING
1. If you have a dialogue to memorize for acting out in class, do you rehearse the situation in your head to make sure you can do it?
2. If you have a dialogue to memorize for acting out in class, do you rehearse it with another student in your class to make sure that you can do it?
3. When you are in a store or restaurant in your country, do you try to imagine what you would say in the foreign language under these circumstances?
4. When you don’t know how to say something in a foreign language, do you try to say it another way?
5. When you don’t know how to say something in a foreign language, do you say something else instead?
6. When you don’t know how to say something in a foreign language, do you ask your conversation partner for help?
7. Do you take every opportunity to practice speaking with native speakers of the language?
A high score on this section (25-35) indicates that you use effective strategies for practicing speaking. A low score (less than 20) indicates that you should expand your range of speaking strategies.
LISTENING
1. Do you try to guess if you don’t fully understand what is being said?
2. Do you use your knowledge of the world in understanding a conversation, a movie, or a radio/TV broadcast?
3. If you don’t understand, do you try to keep listening because you may get a clue as to what was meant?
4. When you don’t understand, do you pinpoint for your conversation partner what exactly you did not understand?
5. When you don’t understand completely, do you summarize what you have understood and ask your conversation partner for verification?
If you score high on this section (20-25), you are using effective strategies to improve your listening comprehension. If your score is low (less than 15 ) you need to work on improving your listening-comprehension techniques.
READING
1. Do you use your knowledge of the logical sequence of events in the passage to figure out unclear portions of the text?
2. Do you use your knowledge of the subject matter to figure out unclear portions of the text?
3. Do you use your knowledge of grammar to figure out unclear sentences or parts of sentences?
4. Do you rely on words that look similar to words in your native or any other language you know to figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words in the text?
5. Do you rely on context to figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words in the text?
6. Do you consider the context when you look up unfamiliar words in a dictionary?
7. Do you read the whole text first to get the big picture?
8. Do you ask yourself questions in order to monitor your understanding of the text?
9. Do you use contextual clues (title, illustrations, layout, etc.) in order to figure out what the text is about?
If you score high on this section (35-45), you are using effective reading strategies. If your score is low (less than 25), you should work on improving your reading techniques.
WRITING
1. Do you try to pick a topic that will allow you to use what you know rather than one that will force you to use what you don’t know?
2. Do you develop an outline before you start writing?
3. Do you write a draft first and review it before turning in the final version?
4. Do you try to use the vocabulary and grammar you already know rather than look up most of the words in a dictionary?
5. Do you make sure that you have a correct model for the type of writing you are going to do, e.g., the appropriate form for an invitation or the correct form to address people?
If you score high on this section (20-25), you are using effective writing techniques. If your score is low (less than 15), you need to improve your writing strategies.
(13)词汇和语法
词汇和语法被认为是发展各种技能的基础,听、说、读、写技能的发展都离不开对词汇和语法的学习和知识扩展。
词汇学习策略包括直接法、运用记忆法和间接法。直接法包括:(1)努力掌握。(2)把单词和其定义写在单独的卡片上。(3)大声读单词或一遍一遍不停地写单词。(4)用所学的词汇编造句子。(5)将单词及其定义录音并不厌其烦地听。(6)用颜色标示单词等。运用记忆法包括:(1)运用压韵。(2)运用头韵。(3)将单词与自然界相联系。(4)将单词与其功能相联系。(5)运用词汇的自然联系,如反义词。(6)分类学习词汇。(7)学习相关词汇。(8)按照语法将词汇归类。(9)将词汇与其语境联系起来等。间接法包括:(1)针对一个相关话题阅读一系列的课文。(2)借助语境猜测词义。(3)将词汇切分成小的成分等。