悟萝莉:高中英语语法权威解析(10)

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第十章 感叹句
 
  感叹句:一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导,"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。

感叹词 修饰对象 感叹部分 主语谓语+其他!
How(副词) 修饰形容词 How nice
How nice a girl the girl
she is!
is!
修饰副词 How well
How hard the boy
the workers Is swimming!
are working!
修饰动词 How
=what the flowers
How
=how fast She
she
he
he Loves the flowers!
loves!
runs!
runs!
What(形容词) 修饰单数可数名词 What a nice girl
=How nice a girl Jenny
Jenny Was!
was!
修饰复数可数名词 What nice girls  They Were!
修饰不可数名词 What fine weather
what dirty water It
he Is!
drank!


感叹句的特殊形式


  感叹句还可由陈述句、疑问句、祈使句,甚至一个词组及单词构成。例如:
There was no face showing!
He’s such a nice boy!
The Great Wall is a magnificent building!
Isn’t it snowing heavily!
Wonderful!
Nonsense!
Happy New Year to you!
Cheer!
 

第十一章 疑问句   

疑问句(Interrogative Sentence) :

  定义:表达疑问(亦即发问)或请求的句子叫做疑问句。例:

  Is he a friend of your brother's?
  (他是你哥哥的朋友吗?——发问)
  Can you do this for me?
  (你能替我做这件事吗?——请求)

  疑问句的句末必须使用问号(Question mark)“?”来标示问句的结束。

  疑问句:可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和否定疑问句。

种类 特征 语调 举例 回答
一般疑问句 系+主+表+?
助动词+主+动+? 升调 Are you from London?
Do you speak Russian? 用yes, no回答
特殊疑问句 疑问词+系+表+?
疑问词+助+主+动+? 降调 How are you feeling?
When will you get there? 直接回答,不用yes或no
选择疑问句 一般问句:系+主+表+…or…?
助+主+动+…or…? Or前升调。Or后降调 Is he tall or short?
Does he stay home or go there? 直接回答问句中一个,不用yes, no
特殊问句:疑问词+系+主+…or…?第一部分用降调,第二部分or 前升调,or后降调 Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?
Who runs faster, Tom or Peter? 选一个答案,不用yes, no
反意疑问句陈述部分肯定:陈述,助(系)+not+主?陈述部分用降调,一问部分用升调 It is raining, isn’t it?
You did it, didn’t you? 答案肯定时用yes,否定时用no
陈述部分否定:否定陈述句,助(系)+主+?如对陈述肯定,可用降调 It isn’t fine, is it?
They haven’t come, have they?
否定疑问句 系+not+主+表?
助+not+主+动+?表示惊异用升调。赞叹、责难用降调 Aren’t they beautiful?
Won’t you come in for a minute?