我还在 刘振宇:巴菲特十条致富秘笈

With an estimated fortune of $62 billion, Warren Buffett is the richest man in the entire world. In 1962, when he began buying stock in Berkshire Hathaway, a share cost $7.50. Today, Buffett, 78, is Berkshire's chairman and CEO, and one share of the company's class A stock worth close to $119,000. He credits his astonishing success to several key strategies, which he has shared with writer Alice Schroeder. She spend hundreds of hours interviewing the Sage of Omaha for the new authorized biography The Snowball. Here are some of Buffett's money-making secrets -- and how they could work for you.

沃伦•巴菲特拥有620亿美元，这使他成为当今做富有的人。从1962年开始，巴菲特便以每股7.5美元不断买进伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的股票，如今，他已经是伯克希尔的董事会主席兼首席执行官，同时，他手中的股票已经接近每股119000美元。在他取得惊人成功的背后，巴菲特对作家爱丽丝施罗德道出了几条他成功的关键因素。爱丽丝为这本取自奥马哈的传奇人物的自传，花费了数百个小时。以下便是一些巴菲特的赚钱秘诀——以及这些秘诀如何能为你工作。

1. Reinvest Your Profits: When you first make money, you may be tempted to spend it. Don't. Instead, reinvest the profits. Buffett learned this early on. In high school, he and a pal bought a pinball machine to pun in a barbershop. With the money they earned, they bought more machines until they had eight in different shops. When the friends sold the venture, Buffett used the proceeds to buy stocks and to start another small business. By age 26, he'd amassed $174,000 -- or $1.4 million in today's money. Even a small sum can turn into great wealth.

1.利润投资：当你第一次赚钱，你可能会去考虑花掉它。但请不要这样做，相反，利润再投资，这便是巴菲特在他早期的投资方式。在他上高中时，他和他的朋友将弹子游戏机出租理发店的老板。带着赚来的钱，他们又买了更多的弹子游戏机出租到八家不同的店中。当他的朋友卖这项合作项目的时候，巴菲特用赚来的钱买了股票并开始投资于另一个商业中。到26岁时，他已经积累到174000美元，而经过这么多年后，这笔财富已经增值到140万美元。即使是小数目的积累也会变成巨大的财富。

2. Be Willing To Be Different: Don't base your decisions upon what everyone is saying or doing. When Buffett began managing money in 1956 with $100,000 cobbled together from a handful of investors, he was dubbed an oddball. He worked in Omaha, not Wall Street, and he refused to tell his parents where he was putting their money. People predicted that he'd fail, but when he closed his partnership 14 years later, it was worth more than $100 million. Instead of following the crowd, he looked for undervalued investments and ended up vastly beating the market average every single year. To Buffett, the average is just that -- what everybody else is doing. to be above average, you need to measure yourself by what he calls the Inner Scorecard, judging yourself by your own standards and not the world's.

2.与众不同：不要因为别人的所说所做影响了自己的决定。1956年巴菲特拿着10万美元和他的投资伙伴开始了自己的投资，因为他的所作所为使他被称为少数的固执者。他没有在华尔街而是在奥马哈进行投资，同时拒绝告诉他的伙伴他的投资方向，所以人们普遍预测他会失败，但是当他在14年后结束这笔投资项目时，当初的财富已经增值到1亿美元。不同于跟随大众的投资方式，他投资于那些他认为被市场低估的公司，结果是每年都战胜了市场的平均值。巴菲特认为要战胜市场的平均值，你需要设计一张计分卡，不断衡量自己的投资标准，判断自己的执行标准而不是世界的。

3. Never Suck Your Thumb: Gather in advance any information you need to make a decision, and ask a friend or relative to make sure that you stick to a deadline. Buffett prides himself on swiftly making up his mind and acting on it. He calls any unnecessary sitting and thinking "thumb sucking." When people offer him a business or an investment, he says, "I won't talk unless they bring me a price." He gives them an answer on the spot.

3.拒绝幼稚：当得到那些可以对未来作出判断的信息的时候，就需要作出决定，并要求你的朋友或者亲友可以确保你坚持自己的决定。巴菲特为他能快速作出决定并坚持决定而自豪。他称那些不必要的会议和讨论为“吮吸大拇指的幼稚行为”。当人们向他提供一项业务或者投资项目的时候，他会立刻给出他的答案：“在他们没有给我一个价格前我是不会去考虑的。”

4. Spell Out The Deal Before You Start: Your bargaining leverage is always greatest before you begin a job -- that's when you have something to offer that the other party wants. Buffett learned this lesson the hard way as a kid, when his grandfather Ernest hired him and a friend to dig out the family grocery store after a blizzard. The boys spent five hours shoveling until they could barely straighten their frozen hands. Afterward, his grandfather gave the pair less than 90 cents to split. Buffett was horrified that he performed such backbreaking work only to earn pennies an hour. Always nail down the specifics of a deal in advance -- even with your friends and relatives.

4.事前确定底线：工作开始之前的还价余力最大――开始交易前明确自己的盈利底线。巴菲特小的时候学到这一课。当他的祖父欧内斯特请他和他的朋友在一次暴风雪后铲除家中杂货店的积雪，孩子们手指冻僵花了5个小时铲雪之后，他的祖父送给他一双90美分的手套。巴菲特为他每小时工作才赚取十几美分的回报感到震惊。永远记住，工作前明确的每一个你需要了解的细节——即使是为你的朋友或者亲戚。

5. Watch Small Expenses: Buffett invests in businesses run by managers who obsess over the tiniest costs. He one acquired a company whose owner counted the sheets in rolls of 500-sheet toilet paper to see if he was being cheated (he was). He also admired a friend who painted only on the side of his office building that faced the road. Exercising vigilance over every expense can make your profits -- and your paycheck -- go much further.

5.看紧小支出：在巴菲特的投资中，他需要经理们能够看到企业运行中不该花费的地方，即使是很小的成本。他曾经在收购了一家卫生纸公司前，让公司管理者去数卫生间的纸是否有500页，从而确认自己是否被欺骗。他总是钦佩那些只粉刷临街一面办公室的朋友。不断的训练自己对那些超支项目的敏感性的认识，可以帮助你的财富和工资提高的更快。

6. Limit What You Borrow: Living on credit cards and loans won't make you rich. Buffett has never borrowed a significant amount -- not to invest, not for a mortgage. He has gotten many heart-rendering letters from people who thought their borrowing was manageable but became overwhelmed by debt. His advice: Negotiate with creditors to pay what you can. Then, when you're debt-free, work on saving some money that you can use to invest.

6.控制负债：依靠信用卡和贷款生活，不可能使你变的富有。巴菲特从来没有借大量资金用于投资和抵押贷款。他收到很多来自人们的忠告：起初他们认为能够管理好自己的债务最后却被债务所淹没。他的建议是：还清你的信用卡，在没有债务的情况下去积累财富并不断的投资。

7. Be Persistent: With tenacity and ingenuity, you can win against a more established competitor. Buffett acquired the Nebraska Furniture Mart in 1983 because he liked the way its founder, Rose Blumkin, did business. A Russian immigrant, she built the mart from a pawnshop into the largest furniture store in North America. Her strategy was to undersell the big shots, and she was a merciless negotiator. To Buffett, Rose embodied the unwavering courage that makes a winner out of an underdog.

7.坚持不懈：通过坚持和独创性，你会战胜你的竞争者。巴菲特在1983年收购内布拉斯加州家居超市是表示，他收购的理由是因为欣赏超市的创始人，罗斯•布朗金，一个来自俄罗斯移民，她把一个小当铺经营成为北美地区做大的家具店。她的秘诀是低于市场价出售她的家具同时她也是一个无情的谈判专家。对巴菲特而言，罗斯坚定的勇气使她避免成为一个失败者。

8. Know When To Quit: Once, when Buffett was a teen, he went to the racetrack. He bet on a race and lost. To recoup his funds, he bet on another race. He lost again, leaving him with close to nothing. He felt sick -- he had squandered nearly a week's earnings. Buffett never repeated that mistake. Know when to walk away from a loss, and don't let anxiety fool you into trying again.

8.知道何时退出：在巴菲特少年时，有一次他来到赛马场赌了一场比赛，不幸的是他输了比赛。为了赢回损失，他又赌了另一场比赛，结果这一次使他输掉了全部。他感到自己像一个病人——因为这场病使他失去了一个星期的收入。巴菲特不让自己在同一块石头上摔倒两次。不要让焦虑迷惑了你的理性，要知道适时地退出以避免更大的损失。

9. Assess The Risk: In 1995, the employer of Buffett's son, Howie, was accused by the FBI of price-fixing. Buffett advised Howie to imagine the worst-and-bast-case scenarios if he stayed with the company. His son quickly realized that the risks of staying far outweighed any potential gains, and he quit the next day. Asking yourself "and then what?" can help you see all of the possible consequences when you're struggling to make a decision -- and can guide you to the smartest choice.

9.评估风险：1995年，巴菲特儿子霍伊的雇主，被联邦调查局指控操纵价格问题。巴菲特告诫霍伊想像如果自己继续留在这家公司最坏的结果是什么，他的儿子马上认识到了风险远高于可能得到的收益，所以第二天便辞去了工作。当你在为做出决定而犹豫时，问问自己“之后会发生什么？”可以帮助你做出最聪明的选择。

10. Know What Success Really Means: Despite his wealth, Buffett does not measure success by dollars. In 2006, he pledged to give away almost his entire fortune to charities, primarily the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He's adamant about not funding monuments to himself -- no Warren Buffett buildings or halls. "I know people who have a lot of money," he says, "and they get testimonial dinners and hospital wings named after them. But the truth is that nobody in the world loves them. When you get to my age, you'll measure your success in life by how many of the people you want to have love you actually do love you. That's the ultimate test of how you've lived your life."

10.了解成功的真正意义：巴菲特的成功并不能用美元和他的财富衡量。2006年，他承诺捐出几乎他的全部财富给慈善机构，其中主要是比尔和美琳达盖茨基金。他从没有资助为他而建的纪念碑和以沃伦•巴菲特命名的建筑或礼堂。“我知道很多有钱人,”他说：“他们会得到成功宴会和以他们名字命名的医院，但是事事实是世界上没有人喜欢他们。当你到我的年龄，你就会衡量自己成功标准是这个世界上有多少人真正的热爱你，当然，最终的考验还是你是否活出了自己的人生。”