橡胶手套巧修补:复习精品导学案（人教必修二）Unit 3

Unit 3  Computers
语言要点
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. personal / private / individual
2. after all/above all/at all/in all
3. type / kind /sort
4. deal with/do with（未调顺序）
词形
变化（未调顺序）
1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险
exploration n. 勘探; 探测; 探险
exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的
2. universe n. 宇宙; 世界
universal adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的
3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现
appearance  n. 出现; 显现; 呈现 外表; 外貌; 外观
重点
单词
1. sum  n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和
2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件
3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标
4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与……通讯
5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现； 发生
重点
词组
1.       in common 共同的；共有的；共用的
2.       in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说
3.       watch over 看守; 监视; 照看
4.       make up                                                                        化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）
重点句子
1. By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow larger!
2. However，this reality also worried my designers
重点语法
现在完成时的被动语态 （见语法部分）
Ⅰ 词语辨析  (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. personal / private / individual
【解释】
personal 指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。
private 指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。
individual 与集体的相对，指个别或个体的。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Will you do it for me as a ________ favour?
2). If you go to a _________ hospital, you must pay.
3). We traveled together, but each _________ bought his own ticket.
Keys:                                                                               1). personal            2). private       3). individual
2. after all/above all/at all/in all
【解释】
after all意为“毕竟”“尽管”“到底”“究竟”；
above all 意为“最重要的是”“尤其是”；
at all一般用在否定句中，用以加强否定语气。at all用在疑问句、条件句中，起强调作用，意为“真的”“确实”“竟然”等。另外，not at all用来表示“不用谢”；
in all表示“总共”“总计”。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). So you see，I was right ________.
2). ________，he wanted to succeed.
3). It will do you no harm ___________.
4). We visited, _______, 20 universities in the US.
Keys:                                                                                  1). after all      2). Above all    3). at all    4). in all
3. type / kind /sort
【解释】
1）kind系普通用语，其含义较模糊，它所指的种类可用任何标准区分，但着重以事物的自然属性和内在性质为标准来区分。
2）type常和换用kind，但在表示动植物的种类,以及牌类游戏时，不能用type代替
3）sort也为普通用语，比kind更口语化，其概念同kind一样很不严密，两者常可互换， 但sort常掺杂说话人的主观色彩，带有轻蔑与贬低的含义。如：
We talked of all sorts of subjects.我们谈了各种话题。
These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). He’s quite a pleasant ________, really.
2). All ________ of difficulties have to be overcome.
3). I’ll never do this _________ of thing.
4）There are different ________ of animals in Shanghai Wild Animal Park.
Keys: 1). type                                                                       2). kinds         3). sort   4） kinds
4.deal with/do with
【解释】
deal with和do with二者可译为“处理”，但在特殊疑问句中, do with与what配合使用，而deal with与how配合使用。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). How would you _________ an armed burglar?
2). What have you __________ my umbrella?
Keys: 1). deal with                                                             2). done with
Ⅱ 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险
exploration n. 勘探; 探测; 探险
exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的
2. universe n. 宇宙; 世界
universal adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的
3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现
appearance  n. 出现; 显现; 呈现 外表; 外貌; 外观
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1)  We’ll take a voyage of _________. (explore)
2)  Columbus discovered America but did not ________ the new continent. (explore)
3） They’re making ___________ medical tests. (explore)
4） Television provides _________ entertainment. (universe)
5） There are lots of stars in the ________. (universe)
6） Don't judge by __________ can be misleading. (appear)
7)  He promised to be here at four o'clock but didn't _________ until six. (appear)
Keys:  1) exploration                                                     2) explore        3) exploratory                                                                                             4) universal
5) universe       6) appearances                                                                                    7) appear
Ⅲ 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. sum  n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和
[典例]
1). He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金。
2). The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。
[重点用法]
in sum简言之; 总而言之
sum sb/sth up形成对某人[某事物]的看法
[练习] 中译英
1). 总之, 计划告吹了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2). 我认为她是个很能干的经理。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). In sum, the plan failed.
2). I summed her up as a competent manager.
2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件
[典例]
1). He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。
2). They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。
[重点用法]
take advantage of 对……加以利用；欺骗
to sb.’s advantage 对某人有利
have /get/win an advantage over （of）胜过；优于
[练习] 中译英
1).协议对我们有利。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2).她利用了我的慷慨。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). The agreement is/works to our advantage.
2). She took advantage of my generosity.
3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标
[典例]
1). He headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门
2). We won by three goals to one 以三比一获胜。
3). You’d better set a goal before you start. 开始前最好设定一个目标。
[重点用法]
score/kick a goal 得[踢进一球得]一分
keep goal守球门
life goal/ one’s goal in life生活目标
achieve / realize one’s goal实现目标
[练习] 中译英
1).他已经实现了他的目标。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2).我的人生目标是帮助他人。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:  1). He has achieved his goal.
2). My goal in life is to help others.
4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与……通讯
[典例]
1). A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号。
2). He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。
[重点用法]
signal to sb/sth for sth  用信号传达（某信息）; 用信号与（某人）通讯
signal with…用……发信号
[练习] 中译英
1).铁路红灯亮了, 所以火车停下了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2).他用红旗发信号。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). The railway signal was on red, so the train stopped.
2). He was signaling with a red flag.
5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现； 发生
[典例]
1). A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。
2). Accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。
[重点用法]
arise from /out of由……引起；由……产生
[练习] 中译英
1). 夜间起风暴了。
______________________________________________________________________________
2). 由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). A storm arose during the night.
2). Problems have arisen out of the lack of communication
Ⅳ 重点词组  （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的
[典例]
I have nothing in common with Jane. 我和简毫无共同之处。
[短语归纳]
have nothing in common 无共同之处                                        have little in common 几乎无共同之处
have something in common 有一些共同之处  have a lot in common 有许多共同之处
[练习] 中译英
1). 这个词常用吗?
______________________________________________________________________________
2). 她已和许多人一起申请参加训练。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). Is this word in common use?
2). In common with many others, she applied for a training place.
2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说
[典例]
1). In a way, his English has improved. 从某种程度上来说, 他的英语有进步。
2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
[短语归纳]
in the way  造成阻碍                                                  on the/one’s way (to)   在(去…)的路上
by the way  顺便提一下                                                   in no way            决不
all the way  自始自终;完全地                                               in this way           用这种方法
与in a way同义的词组有in one way 和in some ways。
[练习] 中译英
1). 从某种程度上说, 我很喜欢这本新教材。
______________________________________________________________________________
2). 看来你的自行车挡着道了。
_____________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). In a way, I like this new textbook very much．
2). I’m afraid your bike is in the way．
3. watch over 看守; 监视; 照看
[典例]
1). Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim? 我游泳时你看着我的衣物行吗?
2). He felt that God was watching over him. 他感觉到上帝保佑着他.
[短语归纳]
watch out (for)   当心; 注意                                                watch for sb./sth.   观察等待
keep a watch on  监视                                                                     under the close watch   在严密的监视下
[练习] 中译英
1). 他们等待着进一步的发展。
____________________________________________________________________________
2). 小心! 汽车来了。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). They are watching for further developments.
2). Watch out! There's a car coming.
4. make up                                                                          化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）
[典例]
1). She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。
2). Stop making things up! 不要胡编了!
[短语归纳]
make up for补偿                                                                                be made up of = consist of由……组成
make for有利于……，有助于……；走向；冲向
make it及时赶到，办成功                                                    make it up和解；讲和
make known使知晓；传达                                                   make out理解；懂得；辨认出
[练习] 中译英
1).社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。
2).她总是浓妆艳抹的。
Keys;
1). Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.
2). She's always very heavily made up.
Ⅴ 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1.  By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger!
到20世纪40年代，我已经长到一个大房间那么大，我不知道我会不会继续长大。
[解释] 1). as large as．．．“有……大”，后面常加数词．例如：
This playground is as large as 500squaremeters．
这个操场有500平方米那么大。
2). I wondered if．．“我不知道(奇怪)是否……”，是一个常见句式，常用于口语，表示一种委婉或客气的语气。例如：
I wondered if you would mind giving me a hand.
[练习] 中译英
1). 我也不知道他们能不能准时到。
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2). 那个男子的体重比他重一倍。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). I wonder whether they will arrive on time.
2). That man is twice as heavy as him.
2. However，this reality also worried my designers．可是这个现实也困扰着我的设计者们。
[解释] however adv．尽管；尽管如此，可是；仍然。表示转折；可放在句首、句中或句尾，但用逗号隔开。例如：
I meant to go abroad last year. However, I changed my mind later.
我本打算去年出国，但是后来改变了主意。
[练习] 中译英
1). 她仍然在等，尽管没有任何回音。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。
___________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). She waited, however, for no answer.
2). He said it was so, he was mistaken, however.
课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Over time I have been changed a lot. I could    1    (简化) difficult sums when I began   2    a calculating machine. After I was programmed by an operator, I could   3    (logic) produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it   4    (consider) a    5    ( 技术的) revolution. In 1936, I could solve difficult problems as a   6    (universe) machine. From then on, my memory has developed so much   7    I never forget   8    I have been told. Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me. For example, I have been sent to explore the Moon.   9    , my goal is    10    (provide) humans with a life of high quality.
答案：                                                                                1. simplify       2. as        3. logically     4. was considered          5. technological                                                                       6. universal      7. that
8. anything                                                                          9. Anyhow                     10. to provide
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30个单词概括课文大意，再比较答案
电脑作为课文的叙述者讲述了它从一部计算器发展成为电脑和手提电脑以及它在各个领域的运用。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The narrator, a computer, tells us about its development from a calculating machine to a PC and a laptop and how it is used in different fields.
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1. 【课本原句】As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。自二十世纪七十年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成便携式。
[模仿要点] 句子结构: first…+ then…+ later….
【模仿1】毕业以后，他先是做一名工人，接着做了一个商店的经理后来做了一个工厂的老板。
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答案：After graduation, he first worked as a worker, then as a manager of a store and later as a boss of a factory.
【模仿2】从那时开始，他先在一家车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当其时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。
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答案：From then on, he first worked in a car factory, then as an engineer in a steel factory, which was the biggest one at that time and later as president of a company producing computers.
2．【课本原句】I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动手机，并且用来帮助作医疗手术。
[模仿要点] 句子结构: as well as
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答案：People can get a lot of fun as well as useful knowledge through the net
【模仿2】随着经济的快速发展，越来越多的家长能够负担得起培训课，从中他们的孩子既可以获得一些技能也可以丰富他们的生活。
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答案： With the rapid development of economy, more and more parents are able to afford training classes, in which their children can acquire some skills as well as enrich their life.
【模仿1】通过上网，人们可以获得知识和乐趣。