安东尼很少突破:初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习

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初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习

    一、定语从句的概念

    在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

    二、定语从句的关系词

    引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

    三、定语从句的分类

    根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

    四、关系代词的用法

    1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

    Mary likes music that is quiet andgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

    The coat (that) I puton the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

    2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

    The building which stands near thetrain station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

    The film (which) wesaw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

    3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

    The girl who often helps me with myEnglish is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

    Who is the teacher (whom) LiMing is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意:

    (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

    This is the house in which we livedlast year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

    Please tell me from whom youborrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

    (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

    This is the person whom you arelooking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

    (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

    The city that she lives in is veryfar away.她居住的城市非常远。

    (4)关系词只能用that的情况:

    a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

    He was the first person that passedthe exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

    b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many,everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

    Is there anything that you want tobuy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

    c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last,little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

    This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

    d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

    I can remember well the persons andsome pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

    e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

    Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

    f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

    There is a book on the desk thatbelongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

    (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:

    a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

    What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

    b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

    This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

    c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

    Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

    (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

    This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

    (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

    This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

    (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

    Nobody knows the reason why he isoften late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

    练习题

     I.单项填空

    1. -Do you know the man ______istalking with your father?

    -Yes, he‘s our headmaster.

    A. he B.  who   C.which   D. whom

    2. Is this the river _____I canswim?

    A. which   B. inwhich   C. that   D. the one

    3. This is the best hotel in thecity _____I know.

  A. where   B. which   C.that   D. it

    4. Can you lend me the dictionary______the other day?

  A. that you bought    B. youbought it

  C. that you bought it   D. which youbought it

    5. Anyone ______with what I saidmay put up you hands.

    A. which agrees   B. whoagree

    C. who agrees   D. whichagree

    6. My watch is not the only thing______ is missing.

    A. that   B.it   C. which   who

    7. The man ______coat is black iswaiting at the gate

  A. who‘s   B. whose   C. that   of which.

    8. The girl ______ is reading underthe tree _____my sister.

    A. which; is   B. whom; was   C. who; is   D.who; was

    9. I love places ______the peopleare really friendly.

    A. that   B.which   C. where   D. who

    10. The world ______ is made up ofmatter.

    A. in that we live   B.on which we live

    C. where we live in   D.we live in

    Ⅱ、用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

    1. The first thing ______you mustdo is to have a meal.

    2. April 1st is the day _____iscalled April Fool‘s Dayin the west.

    3. The family _____had losteverything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

    4. The house _____we live in isvery old.

    5. Didn‘t you see the man ______I talkedwith just now?

    参考答案:

   I.1-5BBCAC      6-10 ABCCD