偶看新闻孕妇可以敷肌美精吗:中学生英语学习常见错误一览表（字母A、B、C、D）
来源：百度文库 编辑：偶看新闻 时间：2024/04/29 11:00:52
a
[误] I think it is an useful English dictionary.
[正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.
[析] 在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是:an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如useful,university等,其第一个音标是[j],所以要特别予以注意。
[误] I need a hour to finish this letter.
[正] I need an hour to finish this letter.
[析] 要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音。
[误] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.
[正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.
[析] 要注意以u打头的单词,它的发音为[]时,单数名词前要用an,如uncle等。
[误] There is a "f" in the word "football".
[正] There is an "f" in the word "football".
[析] 英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.
[误] I have a little brother. He is a 8yearold boy.
[正] I have a little brother. He is an 8yearold boy.
[析] 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eight, eleven等。
able
[误] This bike is able to be repaired.
[正] This bike can be repaired.
[析] be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为"有本领"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事,如:I'm able to swim across this river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired here.
about
[误] This class is about to begin just now.
[正] This class is about to begin.
[析] 要注意be about to 是"将要"的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to.
about on
about与on都可以作"关于"讲,但却有所不同,例如:This book is about physics. 应译为"这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。"而:This book is on physics.则应译为"这是一本物理学方面的专着。"
above
[误] The temperature is five degrees over zero.
[正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.
[析] 表达"在……上方"时,above与over是可以互换的,如:The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon.
[误] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.
[正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.
[析] 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.
[误] There is a bridge above the river.
[正] There is a bridge over the river.
[析] 用来表达"从……上方越过"时不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为"在桥的上游有一个瀑布。"
across
[误] He ran across the wood.
[正] He ran through the wood.
[析] across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.
across
across的主要用法有两个。其一,意为"对面",如:There is a school just across the street. 其二,意为"横过",如:He walked across the street.
afraid
[误] I dont't afraid of him.
[正] I am not afraid of him.
[析] 要注意"害怕"afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。
after
[误] Two weeks after he left.
[正] Two weeks later he left.
[正] He left after two weeks.
[析] 要表达"在多少时间之后",英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three hours.
[误] My father will be back after a few hours.
[正] My father will be back in a few hours.
[析] 受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。
after behind
after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示"追赶",表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达"迟于",如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.
afternoon
[误] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.
[正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.
[析] 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?
against
[误] He against me.
[正] He is against me.
[析] 要注意against意为"反对",但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如:He is against somebody/something.
against for
against意为"反对"、"不赞成";而for则意为"同意",为其反意词。如:Are you for or against the plan?
age
[误] He is twenty years old of age.
[正] He is twenty.
[正] He is twenty years old.
[正] He is at the age of twenty.
ago
[误] Tom's father has been dead five years ago.
[正] Tom's father died five years ago.
[析] ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用。
[误] Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.
[正] Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.
[析] 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不影响主句的时态。
agree
[误] Does the teacher agree to us?
[正] Does the teacher agree with us?
[误] Does he agree with our plan?
[正] Does he agree with us?
[析] agree with 指"同意某人的提议、建议、计划"等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan?
all
[误] The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.
[正] The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.
[析] all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指"两者都"。
[误] The all children are playing football now.
[正] All the children are playing football now.
[析] all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词,或代词的所有格。
[误] You all are right.
[正] You are all right.
[析] all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助动词之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.
almost
[误] Nearly nobody thinks he is right.
[正] Almost nobody thinks he is right.
[析] nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。
alone
[误] The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.
[正] The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.
[析] alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。
already
[误] We are already for the work.
[正] We are all ready for the work.
[析] already 是副词,其意为"已经",如:He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为"准备好"。
already yet
already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.
also
[误] I didn't find the dictionary also.
[正] I didn't find the dictionary either.
[析] 作为"也"讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.
also too
also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.
always
[误] Always he asked himself why he had come here.
[正] He always asked himself why he had come here.
[析] always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:I've always thought he is honest. 又如:He is always late.
among
[误] If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?
[正] If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?
[析] among常用于三个事物或人物之间,而between则多用于两者之间。
an
[误] This is an useful dictionary.
[正] This is a useful dictionary.
[析] 详见a条。
and
[误] He did not speak loudly and clearly.
[正] He did not speak loudly nor clearly.
[误] Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.
[正] Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.
[析] "和"这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or
angry
[误] My mother was angry to me.
[正] My mother was angry with me.
[误] He was angry with what I said.
[正] He was angry at what I said.
[析] 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示"对某人生气不满"时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something.
another
[误] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.
[正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.
[析] 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:another作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。一般在句中作定语,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:"I want to play baskball."another said:"I want to play football."other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的,别的"。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.
answer
[误] Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.
[正] Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.
[析] answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.
any
[误] Do you have some questions?
[正] Do you have any questions?
[析] some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。
[误] China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
[正] China is larger than any other country in Asia.
[析] 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
[误] Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.
[正] Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.
[析] anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人 也可以指物。
around
[误] The nine planets go around of the sun.
[正] The nine planets go around the sun.
[析] around后面不要再加介词,如:The sun shines all around us.
around round
作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)
arrive
[误] I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.
[正] I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.
[正] I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.
[误] He arrived in the school at 11∶00.
[正] He arrived at the school at 11∶00.
[析] arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.
arrive reach get
arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York?
as
[误] This man works in the bank for a manager.
[正] This man works in the bank as a manager.
[析] as与for有时是可以通用的。如:This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.
[误] My brother is so taller as Tom.
[正] My brother is as tall as Tom.
[析] as… as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级,而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如:He is not so tall as Tom.
[误] I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.
[正] I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.
[析] as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。
ask
[误] The student asked a question to the teacher.
[正] The student asked the teacher a question.
[析] ask应接双宾语,即ask somebody something.
[误] They asked some books.
[正] They asked for some books.
[析] 向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.
asleep
[误] He is deeply asleep.
[正] He is fast asleep.
[析] 要讲"熟睡",就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外, 在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.), fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)
at
[误] It will really do you no harm quite.
[正] It will really do you no harm at all.
[析] at all和quite的汉语意思均为"全然"、"确定的",但at all适用于否定句,例如: -I'm sorry. I'm late.
-No trouble at all.
又如:I don't think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.
[误] The children play football for lunch.
[正] The children play football at lunch.
[析] 英语中的at lunch为"在吃午饭时"。这种惯用法还有at work(在工作),at table(在吃饭),at desk(在学习)。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.
[误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[析] at the corner是指墙外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.
at in on
在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是,in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on, 如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.
B
back
[误] I'm sorry. I have to back home.
[正] I'm sorry. I have to go back home.
[正] I'm sorry. I have to go home.
[析] back用作"回到(某处)"之意,不是动词。
be
[误] Where do you from?
[正] Where are you from?
[析] "你从何处来"应为Where are you from?或Where do you come from? 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问"你是从什么地方来?"应讲Where did you come from? 回答用I came from the library.
beat
[误] We have won your class.
[正] We have beaten your class.
[正] We have won the game.
[析] win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:Which team won the football match? 而beat指打败对手、敌人……如:My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是,beat的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。
[误] The ball beat me badly.
[正] The ball hit me badly.
[误] He used to hit the little boy black and blue.
[正] He used to beat the little boy black and blue.
[析] beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。
beautiful
[误] He is a beautiful boy.
[正] He is a handsome boy.
[析] 我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.
because
[误] The reason why I was late is because I was ill.
[正] The reason why I was late is that I was ill.
[误] Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.
[正] Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.
[析] 这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。例如:Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者:We study hard so we passed the exam easily.
because because of
because后要接从句,例如:We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名词作介词宾语,如:He is not at school because of the illness.
before
[误] We have two hours to kill before we will go home.
[正] We have two hours to kill before we go home.
[析] kill time意为"消磨时光"。
英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:If it rains we will not go to the park.
[误] I did this work two days before.
[正] I did this work two days ago.
[析] 用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:I has done this work a few days before.
before long long before
before long是"不久"之意,例如:I shall go to America before long. 而long before则是"很久很久"之意,如:We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)
begin
[误] The meeting will begin from Monday.
[正] The meeting will begin on Monday.
[误] The film has begun for ten minutes.
[正] The film has been on for ten minutes.
[析] begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:The film has begun. 这句话是对的,即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即"上演了10分钟"。
begin start
begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:How old wern you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:The student began to understand his mistakes.
[误] They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.
[正] They study hard in the class from beginning to end.
[析] from beginning to end是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.
behind
[误] He missed the class because he was behind the time.
[正] He missed the class because he was behind time.
[析] behind time一短语意为"晚了",而behind the times意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词,如Come out from behind the door(介词). He's a long way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).
below
[误] What's that below the chair.
[正] What's that under the chair.
[析] under意为"正下方",而below意为"比……低",或指"在下游"。如:There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over,如:There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.
beside
[误] The students stood besides the teacher.
[正] The students stood beside the teacher.
[误] I study English beside Chinese.
[正] I study English besides Chinese.
[析] beside意为"在……旁边",而besides是"除……以外(还如何)"。
beside by near
beside意为"在……旁",如:There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意,如:She is standing by the window. near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:There is a post office near our school.
better
[误] You had better to do it at home.
[正] You had better do it at home.
[误] You hadn't better wake me up at six.
[正] You had better not wake me up at six.
[析] had better在肯定句中为"应该作某事",其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用had better+not+动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为'd,如:You'd better not. 又如:
Let's go first. No, we'd better not.
between
[误] Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.
[正] Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.
[析] 两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.
[误] You must choose between this club or that club.
[正] You must choose between this club and that club.
[析] 在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…,而不能用between…or….
big
[误] There was a big rain last night.
[正] There was a heavy rain last night.
[析] 大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.
bit
[误] He is a bit fool.
[正] He is a bit of a fool.
[析] a bit可以作程度副词,与a little相同,但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit,如:I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit, (一点儿也不。)又如:
-Do you mind if I open the door?
-Not a bit.
black
[误] The children became black after swimming in the sea.
[正] The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.
[析] 因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark.
[误] The girl has black eyes and black
hair.
[正] The girl has dark eyes and black hair.
[析] 英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。
[误] The Europeans like red tea.
[正] The Europeans like black tea.
[析] 红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有:black and blue(鼻青脸肿,青一块紫一块);blackandwhite(黑白电视片)。go black意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";look black意为"情况不妙,前景暗淡"。如:After the fight he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and blackandwhite for others.
body
[误] Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.
[正] Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.
[析] 中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。
borrow
[误] May I lend some books from the library?
[正] May I borrow some books from the library?
[误] How long can I borrow it?
[正] How long can I keep it?
[析] 英语中有三个词都可译为"借",但意义各不相同如:"借入"是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如:The students want to borrow some books from the library. "借出"用lend,即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如:Could you lend us your dictionary?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与how long等疑问词连用,如:You can keep it for three days.
born (bear的过去分词)
[误] I born in Shanghai.
[正] I was born in Shanghai.
[误] He was born from Greek parents.
[正] He was born of Greek parents.
[析] "出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of,例如:He was born of a poor family.
both
[误] They both are students.
[正] They are both students.
[误] They refuse both to answer this question.
[正] They both refuse to answer this question.
[析] both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。
[误] I know his both parents.
[正] I know both his parents.
[误] The both brothers were students.
[正] Both the brothers were students.
[正] Both brothers were students.
[析] 当both与形容词性物主代词my, his, her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。
[误] Both of my parents are not at home.
[正] Neither of my parents are at home.
[误] Both of your answers are not right.
[正] Neither of your answers is right.
[正] Both your answers are wrong.
[析] both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能将两本书全给你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)
bring
[误] Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[正] Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[误] Next time, please take your little sister here.
[正] Next time, please bring your little sister here.
[析] 英语中bring是"带来",而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch, 表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。如:Please fetch the doctor at once.
business
[误] My father went to Shanghai for business.
[正] My father went to Shanghai on business.
[析] on business出差
busy
[误] The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.
[正] The students were very busy preparing for the exam.
[析] be busy doing something为"忙于作某事"
[误] The students were busy for the exam.
[正] The students were busy with the exam.
[析] busy直接接名词时应用with.
but
[误] He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.
[正] He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.
[误] She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.
[正] She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.
[析] couldn't help其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。"
buy
[误] I have bought this dictionary for three years.
[正] I have had this dictionary for three years.
[析] buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。
by
[误] The boy shot the cat by a gun.
[正] The boy shot the cat with a gun.
[误] He came to school by a taxi this morning.
[正] He came to school by taxi this morning.
[析] 作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:"我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为:We came here in his car this morning.与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:by the way顺便说说;by hand手工制作;by oneself独自地;by no means决不。
C
call
[误] I'll call at Mr Brown.
[正] I'll call on Mr Brown.
[误] I'll call on Mr Brown's home.
[正] I'll call at Mr Brown's home.
[析] 作"拜访"讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。
call on drop in visit
call on比较正式的为公务的访问,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:If you're free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:My school's headmaster will visit America next week.
can
[误] A blind man can not judge colours.
[正] A blind man cannot judge colours.
[误] I cann't call for you at ten.
[正] I can't call for you at ten.
[析] can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.
[误] It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.
[正] It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.
[析] must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用can't, 要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法,如:The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"can't+have+过去分词",如:I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.
[误] We could not help to laugh at once.
[正] We could not help laughing at once.
[正] We could not help but laugh at once.
[析] "couldn't help+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.
can be able to
can与be able to都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,be able to则可用任何时态,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。
can could
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story?
care
[误] I don't care coffee.
[正] I don't care for coffee.
[误] Take care for your steps.
[正] Take care of your steps.
[析] care for是"对某物感兴趣",而care of是"关心,要当心某事",如:She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.
[误] I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.
[正] I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.
[析] 在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:I've got a football in case we have time for a game.
change
[误] I want to change my camera with that one.
[正] I want to change my camera for that one.
[析] change for为"以某物为交换物"。而change with则是"随……而变",如:The wood's colour changed with the season.
cheap
[误] A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.
[正] A teacher's salary is generally very low.
[析] 工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如:This car is not expensive.
choose
[误] We each had to have a choose of A or B.
[正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.
[析] choice是名词,而choose是动词。
class
[误] The class is watching TV.
[正] The class are watching TV.
[析] class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:The class was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:The class are, in general, very bright.
clean
[误] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.
[正] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.
[析] clean可以作为副词讲,其意为"完全",而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地",如:The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的",如:Her face is not clean now.
clever
[误] I'm not clever in English.
[正] I'm not clever at English.
[析] clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。
close
[误] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.
[正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.
[析] 这里的close是动词,意为"关闭",而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。
[误] Come closely so that I can see you.
[正] Come close so that I can see you.
[误] Good teaching and good testing are close related.
[正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.
[析] close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是"靠近"、"接近"之意,而closely则是"紧密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。
[误] My school was quite close from my home.
[正] My school was quite close to my home.
[析] "与……接近"是close to…,例如:
He was close to fifty.
There is a busstop close to the station.
close shut turn
shut与close是同义词,如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。
cloth
[误] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.
[正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.
[误] I need a lot of clothing.
I'm going to make a new cloth.
[正] I need a lot of cloth.
I'm going to make a new dress.
[析] cloth是"布"、"布料",没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,"一套衣服"要讲a suit of clothes, 如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(学生套装),a working dress(工作服)。
coffee
[误] Please give me two waters.
[正] Please give me two coffees.
[正] Please give me two cups of water.
[析] 虽然coffee, water, tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.
colour(color)
[误] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.
[正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.
[析] 中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色",若译为英文Colours of flowers are…,就显得重复了。
[误] I like green colour.
[正] I like green.
[正] I like colour green.
[析] colour green中的colour是green的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。
come
[误] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.
[正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.
[析] come across是"偶然碰见、遇见",要直接加宾语,如:I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.
[误] Where do you come from?
I come from the station.
[正] Where did you come from?
I came from the station.
[正] Where do you come from?
I come from China.
[析] Where do you come from?意为"你是什么地方的人?"而Where did you come from?则是"你从何处来?"
[误] The stars are coming out from the cloud.
[正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.
[析] come out of意为"从……地方出来"。
come in come into enter
come in与come into的意义相同,但come into后面要加宾语,而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.
enter常作为及物动词使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.
congratulate
[误] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.
[正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
[析] 动词congratulate somebody on something是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:I offered him my congratulations on his success.
又如:Congratulations!
cook
[误] My father is a good cooker.
[正] My father is a good cook.
[析] 很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如workworker,teachteacher. 但cook即是动词"做饭",同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。
corner
[误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[误] A girl sat at the corner of the room.
[正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.
[析] in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the corner of the building.
cost
[误] I cost ten dollars for the book.
[正] I spent ten dollars on the book.
[误] I cost two hours to do my homework.
[正] It took me two hours to do my homework.
[析] cost, spend. take都可以作"花费"讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱",如:The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing something",如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或"somebody+spend+金钱+on something",如:I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+to do something", 如:It took me an hour to clean the classroom.
country
[误] You can find cows in a country.
[正] You can find cows in the country.
[析] country即可作"国家"讲,也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。例如:
[误] Farmers live in the countries.
[正] Farmers live in the country.
[析] 但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:the state farm(国营农场)。
cross
[误] There are traffic lights at the cross.
[正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.
[析] cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:Red Cross(红十字会)。
[误] The little boy is going to across the street.
[正] The little boy is going to cross the street.
[析] across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。
cross pass
cross是指横过某地,如:He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.
crowd
[误] The room soon was crowded by people.
[正] The room soon was crowded with people.
[析] crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:The room was crowded with books.
cup
[误] A silver glass was given to the winner.
[正] A silver cup was given to the winner.
[误] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.
[正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.
[析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.
D
dance
[误] We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.
[正] We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.
[正] We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.
[正] We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)
date
[误] He studied ten hours a date.
[正] He studied ten hours a day.
[析] date是指具体日期。如问What's the date today? 应回答具体日期:"October 1st 1998."而day是指1日(24小时)。如What day is today? 问的是星期几,应回答"It's Sunday."
[误] Today's date is January first. 1998.
[正] Today's date is January 1, 1998.
[正] Today's date is January 1st, 1998.
[析] 在日期书写中不要用序数词全写,而要用1st, 2nd, 3rd……如果一定要用序数词,其顺序应为:It is the first of January.
day
[误] This is a book about every day English.
[正] This is a book about everyday English.
[正] This is an everyday English book.
[误] We go to school everyday.
[正] We go to school every day.
[析] everyday是形容词,意为"日常的",而every day则是"每天"、"天天"之意。
dead
[误] My father has died for ten years.
[正] My father has been dead for ten years.
[析] die是瞬间动词,它可以用于完成时,如:My father has died. 但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它也可以用于过去时,如:My father died three years ago
[误] We'll always remember the deads who were killed in the war.
[正] We'll always remember the dead who were killed in the war.
[析] 形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人,如the rich(富人),the sick(病人),the poor(穷人),其后的谓语动词要用复数,如:The rich are not always happy.
dead deadly
dead在某些词组里是"完全"、"的确"的意思,如dead right, dead tired, dead sure。而deadly则是"致命的",如:The rich man had many deadly enemies. 又如:Cancer is a deadly disease.
dead died
dead是形容词,如:Mrs Ginty was dead. 而died是动词die的过去式及过去分词,如:She died in 1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是pass away, 如:My father passed away, this morning.
deer
[误] In the zoo, there are many deers.
[正] In the zoo, there are many deer.
[析] deer是单、复数同形的词,如:one deer,two deer,这样的名词还有fish,sheep等。但如果讲There are many fishes here. 这句话应译为"这里有许多种鱼类。"而不应译为"这里有很多鱼。"
desk
[误] The boy sat in his desk.
[正] The boy sat at his desk.
[析] 在课桌旁坐着应用介词at, 而at desk 则应译为"在学习",at table应译为"在吃饭"。
die
[误] In South Africa many people died from cancer.
[正] In South Africa many people died of cancer.
[误] The old man died of overwork.
[正] The old man died from overwork.
[析] 死于疾病应用die of,而死于某种外因事故则多用from.
[误] His mother is died.
[正] His mother is dead.
[误] The old woman was dead at the age of seventy.
[正] The old woman died at the age of seventy.
[析] dead是形容词,而die是动词。形容词表示状态,动词则表示动作。
[误] He died in a traffic accident.
[正] He was killed in a traffic accident.
[析] 由于事故而造成的死亡一般用to be killed.
[误] When the doctor came,the old man had already died.
[正] When the doctor came,the old man was already dead.
[正] The old man died before the doctor came.
different
[误] My room is different with yours.
[正] My room is different from yours.
[误] The village is very different with what it was.
[正] The village is very different from what it was.
[析] different from是"与……不同"之意。
difficult
[误] English is very difficult to be learned.
[正] English is very difficult to learn.
[误] He learned physics is difficult.
[正] It is very difficult for him to learn physics.
[析] 要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。It is difficult for somebody to do something.为"对于某人来说做某事很困难。"
difficulty
[误] There was little difficulty to find him.
[正] There was little difficulty in finding him.
[析] 这种用法还有trouble, 即difficulty (trouble) in doing something.
dinner
[误] When did you have the supper?
[正] When did you have supper?
[析] 英语中一日三餐前无冠词,例如:
[误] I had a lunch at 12 o'clock.
[正] I had lunch at 12 o'clock.
[析] 在某些特定场合,如指某次宴会,则要加冠词,如:The dinner was given in honour of the guest.
dress
[误] My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.
[正] My father bought a new suit for himself yesterday.
[析] 一般来讲男套装用suit,女服则用dress;作男服的服装店是tailor shop (tailor's), 而做女装的服装店是dressmaker's.
[误] The mother dressed the clothes on her child.
[正] The mother dressed her child.
[析] dress作及物动词当"穿衣服"讲时,其后不能接衣服而只能接人,如:The boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时,则多用其过去分词作形容词,如:He is not dressed in his new suit.或She is dressed in red. 词组dress up是过节日时应服装整齐,如:They dressed up for the holiday.
dress have on put on wear
要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是have on和wear,如:He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. 而put on则表示穿衣的动作,如:Put on your coat,it is cold outside.而dress即可以作状态又可以作动作,作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服,作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如:I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.
drop
[误] The students fell their voice.
[正] The students dropped their voice.
[析] drop与fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意,有时可以互换,如:The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop还可以作及物动词,而fall一般只能作不及物动词。
[误] I shall drop in you.
[正] I shall drop in on you.
[析] drop in是随便拜访某人,而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。
during
[误] During I was sick,I couldn't eat well.
[正] While I was sick,I couldn't eat well.
[析] during后不能接从句,而when和while后可接从句。
[误] I have been studying English during three days.
[正] I have been studying English for three days.
[析] during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间,而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时,不能用完成时。