评论：中等收入者增加关键在分配改革

2011年12月15日08:59    来源

 

　　“提高中等收入者比重”关键还是要通过收入分配改革，让更多的低收入人群进入中等收入者行列。

　　昨日，中央经济工作会议闭幕。会议提出，将继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，保持宏观经济政策的连续性和稳定性，增强调控的针对性、灵活性、前瞻性。

　　尤其值得注意的是，会议明确提出，要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，把扩大内需的重点更多放在保障和改善民生、加快发展服务业、提高中等收入者比重上来。

　　一般而言，中等收入者是消费主体，但这些年来，我国中等收入群体增长缓慢，相当程度上制约了消费的有效扩大。此次会议，把“提高中等收入者比重”放在如此突出的位置，确实并不多见，也切中了当下社会治理与经济结构调整的关键点。

　　有学术机构测算，若以收入等组合标准来测算，我国的中等收入群体约为2.4亿人，约占23%；若以每人每天消费10-100美元为标准，我国中等收入群体只有1.5亿-1.6亿人，约占12%。此前财政部则称，个税起征点上调到3500元之后，纳税人数由约8400万人减至约2400万人。而在北、上、广、深等一线城市，有相当一批中等收入者在老人赡养、子女教育、高房贷等压力下，沦为“伪中产”。

　　显然，这不但说明，现在中等收入人群数量少且脆弱，而且对中等收入者的界定，还很模糊，也有一些不太科学的地方。有关方面首先应该对中等收入者的范围，做出相对清晰的界定，尤其需要提高中等收入者的认定标准。

　　当然，“提高中等收入者比重”关键还是要通过收入分配改革，让更多的低收入人群进入中等收入者行列。从现实需求看，在深化收入分配改革方面，未来几年至少可以在以下几个方面拿出真正的实招：

　　一是大规模减税，鼓励中小企业、劳动密集型企业发展，使更多的人成为创业者。这既是提高低收入者比重的重要途径，也是形成新的中等收入群体的重要手段。本次会议确定的结构性减税政策，需要加大实施力度，最好能达到3000亿-5000亿元的规模。

　　二是加快基本公共服务均等化，尤其是加快保障性住房建设。对中等收入者来说，最重的负担莫过于高房贷，因此，缓解这部分人的这个负担，减少高房贷带来的消费挤出效应，无疑将有效刺激消费。

　　三是进一步提高社会和医疗保障水平。现在，一场大病往往就会让一个中产之家陷入贫困，而大病救助恰恰是现在城乡医疗保障体系中的弱点。这需要各级政府继续加大社保投入，扩大大病医疗救助范围。

　　四是促进缩小城乡差距，让农村低收入者跻身中等收入行列。目前绝大多数农民还处于相对低收的状态，大大制约了整体消费的提振。改变这一状态，除了加快城市化，更重要的是加快以农民土地权利保护为重点的财产权制度建设，使农民更多地分享土地非农化增值收益等财产性收入。

　　不过，所有这些“实招”，都涉及机制改革，都需要政府拿出决心和勇气，更多地让利于民、藏富于民，需要尽快实现从“国富优先”向“民富优先”发展导向的转变，由此为提高中等收入者比重奠定基础。

Comment on: middle-income earners in distribution increase key reform

December 15, 2011 08:59    Source:"The Beijing news"    

 

"Raising the proportion of middle-income earners" key or by income distribution reform, let more low-income people into the ranks of middle-income earners.

Yesterday, the central economic work conference concluded.Meeting, will continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, maintain the continuity and consistency of macroeconomic policy, strengthen the regulation of the pertinence, flexibility, forward-looking.

Especially, it is worth noting, put forward the meeting, to hold the expansion of domestic demand this strategic basis points, to expand domestic demand more emphasis on the guarantee and improve the people's livelihood, to speed up the development of service industry, improve the proportion of middle-income earners to come up.

Generally speaking, middle-income earners is the main consumption, but over the years, our country moderate income group is slower growth, to some extent, the consumption of the restricted the expanded effectively.This meeting, "raise the proportion of middle-income earners" in such a prominent position, do not see more, also to the current social governance and economic structure adjustment to the key point.

Academic institutions estimates, if with income and combination to measure standards, our country's moderate income group is about 240 million people, about 23%;If each person every day to spending 10-$100 for the standard, China's moderate income group is only 150 million-160 million people, about 12%.The Treasury said the previous, raised the threshold to 3500 yuan after, tax number by about 84 million to about 24 million people.And in the north, up, wide, deep first cities, there are quite a number of moderate earners in the old man support, children education, high risky home loans under the pressure, a "false middle".

Obviously, this not only shows that now middle-income population less and the weak, and to the definition of middle-income earners, also very fuzzy, some not too science place.The first should be to the range of middle-income earners, make relatively clear definition, especially need to improve the standard of identifying middle-income earners.

Of course, "raise the proportion of middle-income earners" key or by income distribution reform, let more low-income people into the ranks of middle-income earners.From the reality demand to see, in deepening the reform of the income distribution and in a few years, at least in the following several aspects to take out the real ShiZhao:

One is the massive tax cuts, to encourage small and medium-sized enterprise, labor-intensive enterprise development, make more people become entrepreneurs.This is not only increase the proportion of an important way of low income, and form a new moderate income group is the important means.The meeting certain structural tax cuts, need to increase to carry out strength, best can reach 300 billion-500 billion yuan of scale.

Two is to accelerate the equal access to basic public service, especially to speed up the construction of affordable housing.To moderate income earners, the heaviest burden than high mortgages, therefore, alleviate this part of people's the burden, reduce the high consumption of mortgage bring extrusion, no doubt, will be effective consumption.

Three is to further improve social and medical security level.Right now, a serious illness often will let a middle-class home into poverty, and relief just is now a serious illness of urban and rural medical security system in the weakness.This requires the government at all levels continue to increase social security investment, expand the scope of medical treatment of a serious illness.

Four is to promote the gap, let rural low-income among middle-income ranks.At present, most farmers also in a relatively low state of charge, which restricted overall consumption to boost.Change this state, in addition to speed up urbanization, more important is to accelerate the farmers to protecting the land rights of property rights system construction, causes the farmer to share more land conversion appreciation income and property income.

However, all these "ShiZhao", involves system reform, the need for government take out courage and determination, more let advantage people, Tibetan people abound, need as quickly as possible from "compile priority" to "people rich first, the change of direction, thus to improve the proportion of middle-income earners lay the foundation.

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