nhdta 784种子:badminton

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badminton (in sports)
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Dictionary

Library >Words >Dictionarybad·min·ton (b?d‘m?n‘t?n, -m?t‘n)
n.
A sport played by volleying a shuttlecock back and forth over a high narrow net by means of a light, long-handled racket.
[After Badminton, the Duke of Beaufort‘s country seat in western England.]

Britannica

Library >Reference >Britannica Concisebadminton
Court or lawn game played with light long-handled rackets and a shuttlecock volleyed over a net. The game is named after the residence of Britain‘s duke of Beaufort, where it supposedly originated c. 1873. Officially sanctioned badminton matches are played indoors to protect the shuttlecock from winds. Play consists entirely of hitting the shuttlecock back and forth without letting it touch the floor or ground. The best-known match is the All-England Championships. Badminton became a full-medal sport at the 1992 Olympics. The world governing body is the International Federation of Badminton in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Eng.
For more information onbadminton, visitBritannica.com.

Encyclopedia

Library >Reference >Encyclopediabadminton (b?d‘m?nt?n) , game played byvolleying ashuttlecock (called a “bird”)—a small, cork hemisphere to which feathers are attached—over a net. Light, gut-strung rackets are used. Badminton, which is generally similar to tennis, is played by two or four persons. A badminton court for singles play measures 17 ft (5.18 m) by 44 ft (13.40 m) and for doubles 20 ft (6.10 m) by 44 ft (13.40 m). The net is 5 ft (1.52 m) high at the center and 5 ft 1 in. (1.55 m) at the posts. The game probably originated in India (where it was called poona), although it may have been known earlier in China. It was popular in the 1870s in England, taking its name from Badminton, the Gloucestershire estate of the duke of Beaufort. The game was introduced into the United States in the 1890s and grew in popularity in the 1930s. The International Badminton Association (founded 1934) sponsors the Thomas Cup for men‘s teams and the Woer Cup for women‘s teams, the world championships of badminton. Badminton has been an official Olympic sport since 1992.

Word Tutor

Library >Words >Word Tutorbadminton
IN BRIEF: A game in which a cork with feathers in one end is batted back and forth across a high net.
Many people enjoy playing badminton on warm summer evenings.
 

WordNet

Library >Reference >WordNetNote: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words.
The noun badminton has one meaning:
Meaning #1: a game played on a court with light long-handled rackets used to volley a shuttlecock over a net

Wikipedia

Library >Reference >Wikipediabadminton
This article is about the racket sport badminton. For other uses of the name, seeBadminton (disambiguation).

The Danish Olympic badminton playerPeter Gade
Badminton is aracket sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking ashuttlecock with their rackets so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents‘ half of the court. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the ground, and the shuttlecock may only be struck once by each side before it passes over the net.
The shuttlecock is a feathered projectile whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently from the balls used in most racket sports; in particular, the feathers create much higherdrag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball. Because shuttlecock flight is strongly affected by wind, competitive badminton is always played indoors. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden or beach game.
Badminton is anOlympic sport with five competitive disciplines: men‘s and women‘s singles, men‘s and women‘s doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair is a man and a woman. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, strength, and speed. It is also a technical sport, requiring goodhand-eye coordination and the development of sophisticated racket skills.
History and development

Battledore and Shuttlecock, anantecedent to the modern game of Badminton. 1854, from theJohn Leech Archive[1]
Games with a shuttlecock are widely believed to have originated in ancientGreece about2000 years ago. From there they spread via theIndo-Greek kingdoms toIndia and then further east toChina and Siam (nowThailand).[2]
InEngland sincemedieval times a children‘s game calledBattledore and Shuttlecock was popular. Children would use paddles (Battledores) and work together to keep the Shuttlecock up in the air and prevent it from reaching the ground. It was popular enough to be a nuisance on the street ofLondon in 1854 when the magazinePunch published a cartoon depicting it.
In the1860s, British Army officers inPune, India, began playing the game of Battledore and Shuttlecock, but they added a competitive element by including a net. As the city of Pune was formerly known asPoona, the game was known as Poona at that time.
About this same time, theDuke of Beaufort was entertaining soldiers at his estate called "Badminton House", where the soldiers played Poona. The Duke of Beaufort‘s non-military guests began referring to the game as "the badminton game", and thus the game became known as "Badminton".
In 1877, the first badminton club in the world, Bath Badminton Club,[3] transcribed the rules of badminton for the first time. However, in 1893, the Badminton Association of England published the first proper set of rules, similar to that of today, and officially launched badminton in a house called "Dunbar" at 6 Waverley Grove,Portsmouth, England onSeptember 13 of that year.[4] They also started theAll England Open Badminton Championships, the first badminton competition in the world, in 1899.
TheBadminton World Federation (BWF) was established in 1934 withCanada,Denmark, England,France,the Netherlands,Ireland,New Zealand,Scotland, andWales as its founding members. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton and develops the sport globally.[5]
Laws of the game
The following information is a simplified summary of the Laws, not a complete reproduction. The definitive source of the Laws is the IBF Laws publication,[6] although the digital distribution of the Laws contains poor reproductions of the diagrams.
Playing court dimensions

Badminton court, isometric view
The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are almost always marked for both singles and doubles play, although the laws permit a court to be marked for singles only. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but the doubles service court is shorter than the singles service court.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres, and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 metres. The full length of the court is 13.4 metres. The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.78 metres from the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5 ft) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles side lines, even when singles is played.
Surprisingly, there is no mention in the Laws of a minimum height for the ceiling above the court. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve.
Equipment laws
The Laws specify which equipment may be used. In particular, the Laws restrict the design and size of rackets and shuttlecocks. The Laws also provide for testing a shuttlecock for the correct speed:
3.1 To test a shuttle, use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttle over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines.3.2 A shuttle of the correct speed will land not less than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line....
Scoring system and service
The scoring system changed in May 2006. For more information, seescoring system development.
The basics
Each game is played up to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever they win a rally (this differs from the old system, where players could only win a point on their serve). A match is the best of three games.
At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts (seecourt dimensions). The server hits the shuttle so that it would land in the receiver‘s service court. This is similar totennis, except that a badminton serve must be hit from below the waist in underhand form(upwards), the shuttle is not allowed to bounce, and in tennis the players stand outside their service courts.
In singles, the server stands in his right service court when his score is even, and in his left service court when his score is odd.
In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but he changes service courts so that he serves to each opponent in turn. When the serving side loses a rally, the serve passes to their opponents (unlike the old system, there is no "second serve"). If their new score is even, the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The players‘ service courts are determined by their positions at the start of the previous rally, not by where they were standing at the end of the rally.
A consequence of this system is that, each time a side regain the service, the server will be the player who did not serve last time.
Details
If the score reaches 20-all, then the game continues until one side gains a two point lead (such as 24-22), up to a maximum of 30 points (30-29 is a winning score).
At the start of a match a coin is tossed. The winners of the coin toss may choose whether to serve or receive first, or they may choose which end of the court they wish to occupy. Their opponents make the remaining choice. In less formal settings, the coin toss is often replaced by hitting a shuttle into the air: whichever side it points to serves first.
In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. For the first rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may decide who receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the match reaches a third game, they change ends both at the start of the game and when the leading pair‘s score reaches 11 points.
The server and receiver must remain within their service courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttle. The other two players may stand wherever they wish, so long as they do not unsight the opposing server or receiver.
Faults
Players win a rally by striking the shuttle onto the floor within the boundaries of their opponents‘ court. Players also win a rally if their opponents commit a fault. The most common fault in badminton is when the players fail to return the shuttle so that it passes over the net and lands inside their opponents‘ court, but there are also other ways that players may be faulted. The following information lists some of the more common faults.
Several faults pertain specifically to service. A serving player shall be faulted if he strikes the shuttle from above his waist (defined as his lowest rib), or if his racket is not pointing downwards at the moment of impact. This particular law changed in 2006: previously, the server‘s racket had to be pointing downwards to the extent that the racket head was below the hand holding the racket; now, any angle below the horizontal is acceptable.
Neither the server nor the receiver may lift a foot until the shuttle has been struck by the server. The server must also initially hit the base (cork) of the shuttle, although he may afterwards also hit the feathers as part of the same stroke. This law was introduced to ban an extremely effective service style known as the S-serve or Sidek serve, which allowed the server to make the shuttle spin chaotically in flight.[7]
Each side may only strike the shuttle once before it passes back over the net; but during a single stroke movement, a player may contact a shuttle twice (this happens in some sliced shots). A player may not, however, hit the shuttle once and then hit it with a new movement, nor may he carry and sling the shuttle on his racket.
It is a fault if the shuttle hits the ceiling.
Lets
If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score. Lets may occur due to some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttle landing on court (having been hit there by players on an adjacent court).
If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be called; yet if the receiver makes any attempt to return the shuttle, he shall be judged to have been ready.
There is no let if the shuttle hits the tape (even on service).
Equipment

Badminton rackets
Rackets
Badmintonrackets are light, with top quality rackets weighing between about 70 and 100 grams (without strings).[8][9] They are composed ofcarbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic), which may be augmented by a variety of materials.Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellentkinetic energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, rackets were made of light metals such as aluminium. Earlier still, rackets were made of wood. Cheap rackets are still often made of metal, but wooden rackets are no longer manufactured for the ordinary market, due to their excessive weight and cost.
There is a wide variety of racket designs, although the racket size and shape are limited by the Laws. Different rackets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available, but an isometric head shape is increasingly common in new rackets.
Strings
Badminton strings are thin, with high performing strings in the range of about 0.65 to 0.73 millimetres thickness. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner strings. String tension is normally in the range of 18 to 36lbf (80 to 130newtons). Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between 18 and 25 lbf. Professionals string between about 25 and 36 lbf.
It is a common misconception that lower string tension increases power, and higher string tension increases control. Higher string tensions actually increase both power and control, until the player reaches a maximum playable tension. This maximum tension is specific to the individual, and depends on his swing speed and accuracy. The faster he can swing the racket, and the more accurately he can hit the shuttle, the higher this maximum will be. Beyond this maximum tension, power will drop sharply, as the player is unable to apply sufficient precise force to make the stringbed deform effectively.
In general, therefore, players will enjoy an improvement in the playability of their racket by stringing at as high a tension as they find comfortable. String tension is a matter of personal preference, however, and a player with higher tension strings is not necessarily better than one with lower tension strings. Higher string tension increases the likelihood of the strings breaking, so players may choose low tensions for economy.
Grip
The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of his racket handle and choose a comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before applying the final layer.
Players may choose between a variety of grip materials. The most common choices arePU synthetic grips or toweling grips. Grip choice is a matter of personal preference. Players often find that sweat becomes a problem; in this case, a drying agent may be applied to the grip or hands, or sweatbands may be used, or the player may choose another grip material or change his grip more frequently.
There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips. Replacement grips are thicker, and are often used to increase the size of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1mm), and are often used as the final layer. Many players, however, prefer to use replacement grips as the final layer. Toweling grips are always replacement grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material.

Shuttlecocks with feathers

A shuttlecock with a plastic skirt
Shuttlecock
Main article:Shuttlecock
Ashuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle) is a high-dragprojectile, with an openconical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlappinggoosefeather embedded into a rounded cork base. Thecork is covered with thinleather.
Shuttles with aplastic skirt are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs: feathered shuttles break easily.
Shoes
Badmintonshoes are lightweight with soles ofrubber or similar high-grip, non-marking materials.
Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have littlelateral support. High levels of lateral support are useful for activities where lateral motion is undesirable and unexpected. Badminton, however, requires powerful lateral movements. A highly built-up lateral support will not be able to protect the foot in badminton; instead, it will encourage catastrophic collapse at the point where the shoe‘s support fails, and the player‘s ankles are not ready for the sudden loading. For this reason, players should choose badminton shoes rather than general trainers or running shoes. Players should also ensure that they learn safe footwork, with the knee and foot in alignment on all lunges.
Badminton strokes

Francesca Setiadi, Canada, flies high at the Golden Gate Open in San Francisco, 2006
Badminton offers a wide variety of basic strokes, and players require a high level of skill to perform all of them effectively. All strokes can be played either forehand or backhand (except for the high serve, which is only ever played as a forehand). A player‘s forehand side is the same side as his playing hand: for a right-handed player, the forehand side is his right side and the backhand side is his left side. Forehand strokes are hit with the front of the hand leading (like hitting with the palm), whereas backhand strokes are hit with the back of the hand leading (like hitting with the knuckles). Players frequently play certain strokes on the forehand side with a backhand hitting action, and vice-versa.
In the forecourt and midcourt, most strokes can be played equally effectively on either the forehand or backhand side; but in the rearcourt, players will attempt to play as many strokes as possible on their forehands, often preferring to play a round-the-head forehand overhead (a forehand "on the backhand side") rather than attempt a backhand overhead. Playing a backhand overhead has two main disadvantages. First, the player must turn his back to his opponents, restricting his view of them and the court. Second, backhand overheads cannot be hit with as much power as forehands: the hitting action is limited by the shoulder joint, which permits a much greater range of movement for a forehand overhead than for a backhand. The backhand clear is considered by most players and coaches to be the most difficult basic stroke in the game, since precise technique is needed in order to muster enough power for the shuttle to travel the full length of the court. For the same reason, backhand smashes tend to be weak.
The choice of stroke depends on how near the shuttle is to the net, and whether it is above net height: players have much better attacking options if they can reach the shuttle well above net height, especially if it is also close to the net. In the forecourt, a high shuttle will be met with a net kill, hitting it steeply downwards and attempting to win the rally immediately. In the midcourt, a high shuttle will usually be met with a powerful smash, also hitting downwards and hoping for an outright winner or a weak reply. Athletic jump smashes, where players jump upwards for a steeper smash angle, are a common and spectacular element of elite men‘s doubles play. In the rearcourt, players strive to hit the shuttle while it is still above them, rather than allowing it to drop lower. This overhead hitting allows them to play smashes, clears (hitting the shuttle high and to the back of the opponents‘ court), and dropshots (hitting the shuttle so that it falls softly downwards into the opponents‘ forecourt). If the shuttle has dropped lower, then a smash is impossible and a full-length, high clear is difficult.
When the shuttle is well below net height, players have no choice but to hit upwards. Lifts, where the shuttle is hit upwards to the back of the opponents‘ court, can be played from all parts of the court. If a player does not lift, his only remaining option is to push the shuttle softly back to the net: in the forecourt this is called a netshot; in the midcourt or rearcourt, it is often called a push or block.
When the shuttle is near to net height, players can hit drives, which travel flat and rapidly over the net into the opponents‘ rear midcourt and rearcourt. Pushes may also be hit flatter, placing the shuttle into the front midcourt. Drives and pushes may be played from the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles: they are an attempt to regain the attack, rather than choosing to lift the shuttle and defend against smashes. After a successful drive or push, the opponents will often be forced to lift the shuttle.
When defending against a smash, players have three basic options: lift, block, or drive. In singles, a block to the net is the most common reply. In doubles, a lift is the safest option but it usually allows the opponents to continue smashing; blocks and drives are counter-attacking strokes, but may be intercepted by the smasher‘s partner. Many players use a backhand hitting action for returning smashes on both the forehand and backhand sides, because backhands are more effective than forehands at covering smashes directed to the body.
The service presents its own array of stroke choices. Unlike intennis, the serve is restricted bythe Laws so that it must be hit upwards. The server can choose a low serve into the forecourt (like a push), or a lift to the back of the service court, or a flat drive serve. Lifted serves may be either high serves, where the shuttle is lifted so high that it falls almost vertically at the back of the court, or flick serves, where the shuttle is lifted to a lesser height but falls sooner.
Once players have mastered these basic strokes, they can hit the shuttle from and to any part of the court, powerfully and softly as required. Beyond the basics, however, badminton offers rich potential for advanced stroke skills that provide a competitive advantage. Because badminton players have to cover a short distance as quickly as possible, the purpose of many advanced strokes is to deceive the opponent, so that either he is tricked into believing that a different stroke is being played, or he is forced to delay his movement until he actually sees the shuttle‘s direction. "Deception" in badminton is often used in both of these senses. When a player is genuinely deceived, he will often lose the point immediately because he cannot change his direction quickly enough to reach the shuttle. Experienced players will be aware of the trick and cautious not to move too early, but the attempted deception is still useful because it forces the opponent to delay his movement slightly. Against weaker players whose intended strokes are obvious, an experienced player will move before the shuttle has been hit, anticipating the stroke to gain an advantage.
Slicing and using a shortened hitting action are the two main technical devices that facilitate deception. Slicing involves hitting the shuttle with an angled racket face, causing it to travel in a different direction than suggested by the body or arm movement. Slicing also causes the shuttle to travel much slower than the arm movement suggests. For example, a good crosscourt sliced dropshot will use a hitting action that suggests a straight clear or smash, deceiving the opponent about both the power and direction of the shuttle. A more sophisticated slicing action involves brushing the strings around the shuttle during the hit, in order to make the shuttle spin. This can be used to improve the shuttle‘s trajectory, by making it dip more rapidly as it passes the net; for example, a sliced low serve can travel slightly faster than a normal low serve, yet land on the same spot. Spinning the shuttle is also used to create spinning netshots (also called tumbling netshots), in which the shuttle turns over itself several times (tumbles) before stabilising; sometimes the shuttle remains inverted instead of tumbling. The main advantage of a spinning netshot is that the opponent will be unwilling to address the shuttle until it has stopped tumbling, since hitting the feathers will result in an unpredictable stroke. Spinning netshots are especially important for high level singles players.
The lightness of modern rackets allows players to use a very short hitting action for many strokes, thereby maintaining the option to hit a powerful or a soft stroke until the last possible moment. For example, a singles player may hold his racket ready for a netshot, and then flick the shuttle to the back instead with a shallow lift. This makes the opponent‘s task of covering the whole court much more difficult than if the lift was hit with a bigger, obvious swing. A short hitting action is not only useful for deception: it also allows the player to hit powerful strokes when he has no time for a big arm swing. The use of grip tightening is crucial to these techniques, and is often described as finger power. Elite players develop finger power to the extent that they can hit some power strokes, such as net kills, with less than a 10 cm racket swing.
It is also possible to reverse this style of deception, by suggesting a powerful stroke before slowing down the hitting action to play a soft stroke. In general, this latter style of deception is more common in the rearcourt (for example, dropshots disguised as smashes), whereas the former style is more common in the forecourt and midcourt (for example, lifts disguised as netshots).
Deception is not limited to slicing and short hitting actions. Players may also use double motion, where they make an initial racket movement in one direction before withdrawing the racket to hit in another direction. This is typically used to suggest a crosscourt angle but then play the stroke straight, or vice-versa. Triple motion is also possible, but this is very rare in actual play. An alternative to double motion is to use a racket head fake, where the initial motion is continued but the racket is turned during the hit. This produces a smaller change in direction, but does not require as much time.
Strategy
To win in badminton, players need to employ a wide variety of strokes in the right situations. These range from powerful jumping smashes to delicate tumbling net returns. Often rallies finish with a smash, but setting up the smash requires subtler strokes. For example, a netshot can force the opponent to lift the shuttle, which gives an opportunity to smash. If the netshot is tight and tumbling, then the opponent‘s lift will not reach the back of the court, which makes the subsequent smash much harder to return.
Deception is also important. Expert players make the preparation for many different strokes look identical, and use slicing to deceive their opponents about the speed or direction of the stroke. If an opponent tries to anticipate the stroke, he may move in the wrong direction and may be unable to change his body momentum in time to reach the shuttlecock.
Doubles
Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack, hitting downwards as much as possible. Where possible, a pair will adopt an ideal attacking formation with one player hitting down from the rearcourt, and his partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the lift. If the rearcourt attacker plays a dropshot, his partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net reply. If a pair cannot hit downwards, they will use flat strokes in an attempt to gain the attack. If a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttle, then they must defend: they will adopt a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the full width of their court against the opponents‘ smashes.
At high levels of play, the backhand serve has become popular to the extent that forehand serves almost never appear in professional games. The straight low serve is used most frequently, in an attempt to prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately. Flick serves are used to prevent the opponent from anticipating the low serve and attacking it decisively.
At high levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast. Men‘s doubles is the most aggressive form of badminton, with a high proportion of powerful jump smashes.

A mixed doubles game - Scottish Schools under 12s tournament, Tranent, May 2002
Singles
The singles court is narrower than the doubles court, but the same length. Since one person needs to cover the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to move as much as possible; this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court. Players exploit the length of the court by combining lifts and clears with dropshots and netshots. Smashing is less prominent in singles than in doubles because players are rarely in the ideal position to execute a smash, and smashing often leaves the smasher vulnerable if the smash is returned.
In singles, players will often start the rally with a forehand high serve. Low serves are also used frequently, either forehand or backhand. Flick serves are less common, and drive serves are rare.
At high levels of play, singles demands extraordinary fitness. Singles is a game of patient positional maneuvering, unlike the all-out aggression of doubles.
Mixed doubles
In mixed doubles, both pairs try to maintain an attacking formation with the woman at the front and the man at the back. This is because the male players are substantially stronger, and can therefore produce more powerful smashes. As a result, mixed doubles requires greater tactical awareness and subtler positional play. Clever opponents will try to reverse the ideal position, by forcing the woman towards the back or the man towards the front. In order to protect against this danger, mixed players must be careful and systematic in their shot selection.[10]
At high levels of play, the formations will generally be more flexible: the top women players are capable of playing powerfully from the rearcourt, and will happily do so if required. When the opportunity arises, however, the pair will switch back to the standard mixed attacking position, with the woman in front.
Governing bodies
TheBadminton World Federation (BWF) is the internationally recognised governing body of the sport. The BWF headquarters are currently located inKuala Lumpur,Malaysia.
Five regional confederations are associated with the IBF:
Asia:Asian Badminton Confederation (ABC)Africa:Africa Badminton Federation (ABF)Americas:Pan American Badminton Confederation (North America and South America belong to the same confederation; PABC)Europe:Badminton Europe (BE)Oceania:Oceania Badminton Confederation (OBC)
Competitions

A men‘s doubles match
There are several international competitions organized by the IBF. TheThomas Cup, a men‘s event, and theUber Cup, a women‘s event, are the most important ones. The competitions take place once every two years. More than 50 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments, within the scope of continental confederations, for a place in the finals. The final tournament now involves 12 teams, following an increase from eight teams in 2004.
TheSudirman Cup, which began in 1989, is a mixed team event held once every two years. It is divided into seven groups based on the performance of each country. To win the tournament, a country must perform well across all five disciplines (men‘s doubles and singles, women‘s doubles and singles, and mixed doubles). Likesoccer, it features a promotion and relegation system in every group.
In the individual competitions, badminton became aSummer Olympics sport at theBarcelona Olympics in1992. Before that, it was a demonstration event in the1972 and1988 Summer Olympics. Only the 32 highest ranked badminton players in the world can participate in the competition, and each country can only submit three players to take part. In theIBF World Championships, only the highest ranked 64 players in the world, and a maximum of three from each country, can participate in any category.
All of the above tournaments, together with the World Junior Championships, are graded 7-star tournaments.
The regional competitions in Asia and Europe are gaining attention by the media because the world‘s highest ranked players come from these continents. The Asian Badminton Championships (open for Asian players) and the European Badminton Championships (open for European players) are the two major regional events.
At the start of 2007 the IBF will introduce a new tournament structure: the Super Series. The 6-star tournament (level 2) will be played in 12 countries with a minimum prize ofUSD$200,000 (All-England,China,Denmark,France,Hong Kong,Indonesia,Japan,South Korea,Malaysia,Singapore,Switzerland). The number of participants will be limited to 32 players (half the previous limit). The players have to collect points to play in season-ending masters events, as well as in China with a grand prize of USD$500,000.[11][12]
The IBF will also standardize all of the badminton events that start in 2007. The Grand Prix Gold open tournament (level 3, 4-star) will offer USD$125,000 in prize money. Ten countries will be selected to organise a tournament in this event. The Grand Prix Gold event will combine with the Grand Prix event (3-star), which offers prize money of USD$50,000.
The fourth level event (A-star), known as International Challenge, offers USD$15,000. The International Series offers USD$5,000, as the competition tries to gather more junior players into the tournament. The 28 and 55 tournaments are scheduled for both events respectively.[13]
Records
The most powerful stroke in badminton is the smash, which is hit steeply downwards into the opponents‘ midcourt. The maximum speed of a smashed shuttlecock exceeds that of any other racket sport projectile. The recordings of this speed measure the initial speed of the shuttlecock immediately after it has left the player‘s racket.
Men‘s doubles playerFu Haifeng of China set the official world smash record of 332 km/h (206 mph) on June 3, 2005 in theSudirman Cup. The fastest smash recorded in the singles competition was 298 km/h (185 mph) byKenneth Jonassen of Denmark.[14]
Comparisons with other racket sports
Badminton is frequently compared totennis. The following is a list of uncontentious comparisons:
In tennis, the ball may bounce once before the player hits it; in badminton, the rally ends once the shuttlecock touches the floor. In tennis, the serve is dominant to the extent that the server is expected to win most of his service games; a break of service, where the server loses the game, is of major importance in a match. In badminton, however, the serving side and receiving side have approximately equal opportunity to win the rally. In tennis, the server is allowed two attempts to make a correct serve; in badminton, the server is allowed only one attempt. In tennis, a let is played on service if the ball hits the net tape; in badminton, there is no let on service. The tennis court is larger than the badminton court. Tennis rackets are much heavier than badminton rackets, which may weigh as little as 75 grams. Tennis balls are also heavier than shuttlecocks. The fastest recorded tennis stroke isAndy Roddick‘s 153 mph serve;[15] the fastest recorded badminton stroke isFu Haifeng‘s 206 mph smash.[16]
Comparisons of speed and athletic requirements
Statistics such as the 206 mph smash speed, below, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other comparisons that are more contentious. For example, it is often claimed that badminton is the fastest racket sport.[17] Although badminton holds the record for the fastest initial speed of a racket sports projectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls. In turn, this qualification must be qualified by consideration of the distance over which the shuttlecock travels: a smashed shuttlecock travels a shorter distance than a tennis ball during a serve. Badminton‘s claim as the fastest racket sport might also be based on reaction time requirements, but arguablytable tennis requires even faster reaction times.
There is a strong case for arguing that badminton is more physically demanding than tennis, but such comparisons are difficult to make objectively due to the differing demands of the games. Some informal studies suggest that badminton players require much greater aerobic stamina than tennis players, but this has not been the subject of rigorous research.[18]
A more balanced approach might suggest the following comparisons, although these also are subject to dispute:
Badminton, especially singles, requires substantially greater aerobic stamina than tennis; the level of aerobic stamina required by badminton singles is similar tosquash singles, although squash may have slightly higher aerobic requirements. Tennis requires greater upper body strength than badminton. Badminton requires greater leg strength than tennis, and badminton men‘s doubles probably requires greater leg strength than any other racket sport due to the demands of performing multiple consecutive jumping smashes. Badminton requires much greater explosive athleticism than tennis and somewhat greater than squash, with players required to jump for height or distance. Badminton requires significantly faster reaction times than either tennis or squash, although table tennis may require even faster reaction times. The fastest reactions in badminton are required in men‘s doubles, when returning a powerful smash.
Comparisons of technique
Badminton and tennis techniques differ substantially. The lightness of the shuttlecock and of badminton rackets allow badminton players to make use of the wrist and fingers much more than tennis players; in tennis the wrist is normally held stable, and playing with a mobile wrist may lead to injury. For the same reasons, badminton players can generate power from a short racket swing: for some strokes such as net kills, an elite player‘s swing may be less than 10cm. For strokes that require more power, a longer swing will typically be used, but the badminton racket swing will rarely be as long as a typical tennis swing.
It is often asserted that power in badminton strokes comes mainly from the wrist. This is a misconception and may be criticised for two reasons. First, it is strictly speaking acategory error: the wrist is a joint, not a muscle; its movement is controlled by the forearm muscles. Second, wrist movements are weak when compared to forearm or upper arm movements. Badmintonbiomechanics have not been the subject of extensive scientific study, but some studies confirm the minor role of the wrist in power generation, and indicate that the major contributions to power come from internal and external rotations of the upper and lower arm.[19] Modern coaching resources such as the Badminton England Technique DVD reflect these ideas by emphasising forearm rotation rather than wrist movements.[20]
Distinctive characteristics of the shuttlecock
Theshuttlecock differs greatly from the balls used in most otherracket sports.
Aerodynamic drag and stability
The feathers impart substantial drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate greatly over distance. The shuttlecock is also extremely aerodynamically stable: regardless of initial orientation, it will turn to fly cork-first, and remain in the cork-first orientation.
One consequence of the shuttlecock‘s drag is that it requires considerable skill to hit it the full length of the court, which is not the case for most racket sports. The drag also influences the flight path of a lifted (lobbed) shuttlecock: theparabola of its flight is heavily skewed so that it falls at a steeper angle than it rises. With very high serves, the shuttle may even fall vertically.
Spin
Balls may be spun to alter their bounce (for example, topspin and backspin in tennis), and players may slice the ball (strike it with an angled racket face) to produce such spin; but, since the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce, this does not apply to badminton.
Slicing the shuttlecock so that it spins, however, does have applications, and some are peculiar to badminton. (SeeBasic strokes for an explanation of technical terms.)
Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to travel in a different direction from the direction suggested by the player‘s racket or body movement. This is used to deceive opponents. Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to follow a slightly curved path (as seen from above), and the deceleration imparted by the spin causes sliced strokes to slow down more suddenly towards the end of their flight path. This can be used to create dropshots and smashes that dip more steeply after they pass the net. When playing a netshot, slicing underneath the shuttlecock may cause it to turn over itself (tumble) several times as it passes the net. This is called a spinning netshot or tumbling netshot. The opponent will be unwilling to address the shuttlecock until it has corrected its orientation.
Due to the way that its feathers overlap, a shuttlecock also has a slight natural spin about its axis of rotational symmetry. The spin is in an anticlockwise direction as seen from above when dropping a shuttle. This natural spin affects certain strokes: a tumbling netshot is more effective if the slicing action is from right to left, rather than from left to right.[21]
See also
Other racquet sports
References
^ Cartoon taken from theJohn Leech Archive which gave the artist as John Leech and the date as 1854.^Battledore and Shuttlecock - The Online Guide to Traditional Games^Historical Development of the Game in the World^History of Badminton - Founding of the BAE and Codification of the Rules^The history of Badminton^IBF Laws of badminton 2006^Badminton Central S-serve article^Badminton Central Guide to choosing Badminton Equipment^Karakal SL-70 product page^BadmintonPlanet - Badminton Strategies and Tactics for the Novice and Recreational Player^Badminton-IBF announce introduction of new Super Series.^One up for Malaysian Open.^New Tournament Structure.^People‘s Daily Online - smash speed records from a news website^Guiness World Records Andy Roddick‘s 153 mph serve^People‘s Daily Online - smash speed records from a news website^Badminton stakes claim as fastest racket sport^An informal comparison of stamina requirements between badminton and tennis^An analysis of the biomechanics of arm movement during a badminton smash A formal study^The Badminton England Technique DVD^ The Spin Doctor, Power&Precision Magazine, July 2006
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:Badminton
Badminton World FederationAsian Badminton ConfederationPan American Badminton ConfederationOceania Badminton ConfederationBadminton EuropeWorldBadminton.comBadminton CentralBadders.comComplete Rules of the game
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Translations

Library >Words >TranslationsTranslations for: Badminton
Dansk (Danish)
n. - badminton
idioms: badminton player    badmintonspiller
 
Nederlands (Dutch)
badminton, soort rode wijnmix
Français (French)
n. - badminton
Deutsch (German)
n. - Badminton, Federball
Ελληνικ? (Greek)
n. - μπ?ντμιντον, ε?δος αντισφα?ρισης με φτερωτ? μπαλ?κι
idioms: badminton player    πα?χτης του μπ?ντμιντον
 
Italiano (Italian)
volano
idioms: badminton player    giocatore di volano play badminton    giocare a volano
 
Português (Portuguese)
n. - badminton (m) (espécie de tênis) (Esp.), refresco (m) a base de vinho
idioms: badminton player    jogador (m) de badminton play badminton    jogar badminton
 
Русский (Russian)
бадминтон
idioms: badminton player    бадминтонист play badminton    играть в бадминтон
 
Español (Spanish)
n. - bádminton, juego del volante
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - badminton, rödvinsbål
中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
羽毛球
idioms: badminton player    羽毛球球员
 
中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 羽毛球
idioms: badminton player    羽毛球球員
 
(Korean)
n. - ????
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - バドミントン
idioms: badminton player    バドミントンプレイヤー
 
(Arabic)
‏(?????) ???? ??? ??????‏
(Hebrew)
n. - ?????? (?????)?
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