西安到伦敦直航:Unit 3 Computers必修2

核心单词

1. common

adj. 共同的，普遍的；常见的

常用结构：

in common  共有，公用(在句中多作状语）

have nothing/little/a lot/something in common (with) sb.

与某人没有/许多/有些共同之处

in common with 和……一样

common sense/knowledge 常识

common welfare 公共福利

易混辨析

common/ordinary/usual/normal

common 指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常见的”。反义词为rare。

common作“普通的”讲时可与ordinary换用。如“普通人”也可以说成common people。

ordinary 意为“普通的，平淡无奇的”，指没有什么特别的地方。

usual 意为“平常的，通常的，一向的”，含惯例之意。

normal 意为“正常的”。

Jane and I have nothing in common.

=I have nothing in common with Jane.

我与简毫无共同之处。

The problems are common to all societies.

这些问题是所有社会的通病。

In common with many young people, he prefers pop songs.

和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢流行歌曲。

He is in ordinary clothes. 他穿着平常的衣服。

We meet every day at the usual place.  

我们每天在往常那个地方见面。

高手过招

单项填空

   Harry visited the bookstore every week. He became such a         customer that the bookseller gave him some books as presents.                  （2009·12·浙江桐庐检测）

1. common     B. normal        C. usual      D. average

 解析：选C。由“Harry visited the bookstore every week”可知，他是常客，含有“习惯，惯例”之意，故选C。

2. signal

n. 信号；手势；声音；暗号

v. 发信号；用信号传达；用信号与……通讯

A red light is usually a signal for/of danger.

红灯通常是危险的信号。

He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu.

他示意服务员把菜单拿过来。

常用结构：

signal to sb./sth. for sth.

用信号传达（某信息）；用信号与（某人）通讯

signal with ...用……发信号

高手过招

翻译句子

①铁路的红信号灯亮了，所以火车停下了。

②他用红旗传达信号。

答案：①The railway signal was on red, so the train stopped.

②He was signalling with a red flag.

3. sum

n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 算术题

常用结构：

in sum                               简言之; 总而言之

sum up/sum sth. Up        总结；概括

He was fined the sum of 200$. 他被处以200美元的罚金。

The sum of 5 and 3 is 8.  5加3的和是8。

To sum up, there are three main ways of solving the problem.

概括起来说，这个问题主要有三种解决办法。

答案：In sum, the plan failed.

4. arise

vi. (arose, arisen)出现，发生；起床，起身

A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。

Accident arise from carelessness.

疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。

He arose at dawn.他黎明即起。

常用结构：

arise from/out of 由……引起；由……产生

高手过招

翻译句子

①夜间起风暴了。

②由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。

答案：①A storm arose during the night.

②Problems have arisen out of the lack of communication.

5. anyhow

adv.（也作anyway）不管怎样，无论如何；反正；即使如此

联想拓展

somehow adv. 以某种方式, 用某种方法；不知怎么地

somewhat adv.有点，稍微

He told me not to buy it, but I bought it anyhow.

他告诉我不要买它，但不管怎样，我还是买了。

It may snow, but anyhow I will go to the town.

可能要下雪,但无论如何我都要进城。

We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.

我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。

Somehow we lost our way.

不知怎么地我们迷路了。

My jacket is somewhat like yours.

我的夹克与你那件有点相似。

高手过招

(1)单项填空

—You don’t seem to be quite yourself today. What’s wrong?

—Oh, I’m suffering from a cold. Nothing serious,          .       （2009·12·安徽舒城检测）

A. yet         B. indeed     C. anyhow    D. though

(2)完成句子                                                        （原创）

①我对这个工作有点厌倦了。

I am            tired of this work.

②不知怎么地,他害怕她。

           he was afraid of her.

③他无论如何也不能使她信服。

He couldn’t convince her          .

解析： (1) 选D。此处表达“转折”，意思是“然而”。

(2)①somewhat  ②Somehow  ③anyhow

6. personally

adv. 就个人而言；亲自

联想拓展

personally意为“就个人而言”时的同义短语：

in my opinion

as far as I’m concerned

in my view

for my part

as far as I can see

from my point of view

for my perspective

The owner of the hotel welcomed us personally.

这家旅馆的主人亲自接待了我们。

Personally (speaking), I think he is a very good man, but you may not agree.

就个人而言, 我认为他是个很好的人, 但也许你不这么认为。

高手过招

完成句子                                                                     （原创）

①She said she didn’t like Tom, but       （就个人而言）, I thought he was an honest boy, though sometimes careless.

②          （幸好）, the planes appear to be quite safe.

③          （自然地），their ideas are important to everyone in the country.

④             (高兴的是) for him, his stepmother was kind to him.

⑤            （出人意料的）, he failed the exam.

答案： ①personally   ②Luckily/Fortunately

③Naturally  ④Happily  ⑤Surprisingly

7. goal

n. 球门；(进球)得分；目标；目的

常用结构：

score/kick a goal                踢进一球；得一分

keep goal                            守球门

life goal/one’s goal in life  生活目标

achieve/realize one’s goal 实现目标

He headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门

We won by three goals to one.我们以三比一获胜。

You’d better set a goal before you start.

开始前，你最好设定一个目标。

高手过招

翻译句子                                                          （原创）

①他已经实现了他的目标。

②我的人生目标是帮助他人。

答案：①He has achieved his goal.

②My goal in life is to help others.

重点短语

8. in a way

在某种程度上（表示对情况的态度）

联想拓展

in a way=in one way=in some ways

in the way 挡道；造成阻碍

in one way 在某方面

in some ways 在某些方面

in no way 决不，无论如何都不（位于句首时构成倒装）

on ones way to在去……的路上

by the way顺便说一下

in any way在任何方面

in every way在各方面

give way (to sb./sth.)屈服；让步

lose ones way 迷路

(there is) no way 不可能；没门

by way of 经过；经由

in the way和in one’s way两个短语含义相同，都含“挡住去路；碍事”之意。

In a way, it’s kind of nice to be studying alone.

在某种程度上讲，独自一个人学习相当不错。

高手过招

单项填空

I can’t see the word on the blackboard. Your head is       .          （原创）

A. on the way   B. in a way    

C. by the way   D. in the way

解析：选D。in the way和in one’s way均表示“挡住去路；碍事”之意。故D项符合句意。

9. go by

经过;（时间）过去；依照，靠……判断

联想拓展

go against          违背；对……不利

go without          勉强维持，凑合;没有……而将就

go in for             爱好；参加；从事

go over              复习;仔细审查

go ahead           进行；发生；（尤指经某人允许）开始做

go through        通过；经历，经受；查看，调查

go out               出去；熄灭

go off                离开，出发；爆发，突然响起；停止；熄灭

go up                上升

go down           下降

He went by his teacher without even a greeting.

他从老师身边经过时连声招呼也没打。

As time went by/With time going by, he has changed a lot.随着时光流逝，他已经改变了许多。

Don’t go by that old map—it has been out of date.

别参照那张旧地图，它已经过时了。

You can’t always go by appearances.

你不能总是凭外表来判断。

高手过招

用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空                        （原创）

go in for/go off/go through/go without

①The new law did not           .

②I am         an entrance examination next year.

③There’s no money for a holiday this year; we’ll just have to         .

④He didn’t wake up even though the alarm       .

答案：①go through   ②going in for

③go without   ④went off

10. as a result

结果，因此

联想拓展

as a result of 由于……；作为……的结果

as a consequence 结果

in consequence 结果

in consequence of 由于

result from由……引起；由于（意思等同于lie in）

result in结果；导致（意思等同于lead to）

He made a big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job.

他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。

He didn’t pass the exam as a result of his carelessness.

他由于粗心而没有通过考试。

His success results from his hard work.

他的成功源于自身的努力。

Acting before thinking always results in failure.

做事之前不加考虑总会导致失败。

高手过招

(1)单项填空

He fell         the bike and broke his leg as         .

                                                      （2009·12·山西大同检测）

A. down; result                   B. off; a result

C. onto; a result of             D. to; a result of

(2)完成句子                                                             （原创）

①由于大雪，他迟到了。

He was late                                         the heavy snow.

②因此，我们不得不给菜地浇水。

                                 , we have to water the vegetable garden.

③他考试不及格是由于粗心造成的。

His failure in the exam                  his carelessness.

④这场意外事故造成两人死亡。

The accident                 the death of two people.

解析：(1) 选B。fall off意思是“从……上掉下来”；as a result的意思是“因而；结果”。

(2)①as a result of  ②As a result

③resulted from  ④resulted in

11. make up

化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）

联想拓展

make up for                           补偿

be made up of=consist of   由……组成

make for                               有利于做成某事，

                                              有助于做成某事；走向；冲向

make it                                 及时赶到；成功

make it up                           和解；讲和

make known                       使知晓；传达

make out                            理解；懂得；辨认出

She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party.

她在聚会前用了一个小时化妆。

Stop making things up!

不要胡编了!

高手过招

(1)单项填空

In Singapore, a southeastern Asian country, the Chinese people              the largest percentage of its population, so you can speak Chinese there.     

                                                        （2009·12·河北保定检测）

A. make up      B. take up     C. hold up   D. turn up 

(2)完成句子                                                               （原创）

①讲究卫生有助于身体健康。

Cleanliness                      good health.

②我们需要50美元以补足所需要的数目。

We need $50 to                 the sum required.

③那位经理的字迹很难辨认。

It was difficult to               the manager’s handwriting.

解析： (1) 选A。考查短语辨析。make up意为“编造，弥补，组成，构成”；take up意为“拿起来，占据(时间或空间)”；hold up 意为“阻止”；turn up意为“开大，调高，出现”。

(2)①makes for  ②make up  ③make out

12. after all

毕竟，终究

联想拓展

at all                       根本，完全；到底，究竟；既然

not at all                 一点也不

in all                      总共，共计

above all               首先；最重要的是

first of all              首先

all in all                 总之

Don’t get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work after all.

别因挫折而灰心,毕竟我们不熟悉这项工作。

He did come after all. 他终究还是来了。

高手过招

单项填空

①The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;         , it caused 20 deaths.

                                                 （2009·12·山西平遥检测）

A. or else                     B. therefore

C. after all                    D. besides

②I’d like to buy a house—modern, comfortable,

and         in a quiet neighbourhood.    

                                                       （2009·11·宁夏银川检测）

A. in all                         B. above all

C. after all                    D. at all

解析： ①选D。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“另外，除此之外”，只有D项与句意相符。

②选B。考查“介词＋all”的短语辨析。句意为：我想买一座房子——时尚、舒适，最重要的是社区要安静。in all 总共；above all 最重要的是；after all 毕竟；at all根本。

13. deal with

处理；安排；对付

易混辨析

do with/deal with

表示“怎样处理”时，do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。

这两个短语在意思上有细微的差别。一般来说，do with意为“处置；忍受；相处；有关”等。

deal with意义很广，意为“对付；应付；处理；安排；论述；涉及；与……打交道/做生意”等。

How are you going to deal with the problem?

你们打算怎样处理这个问题呢？

Such man is difficult to deal with.

这种人不容易相处。

I’ve dealt with him for ten years.

我和他做生意已经10年了。

This book deals with the Middle East.

这本书是关于中东问题的。

He didn’t know what to do with the property his father had left. 他不知道如何处理他父亲留下的财产。

I can’t do with the loud noise. 我无法忍受那种噪音。

高手过招

单项填空

①It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows            .          

                                                  （2009·12·贵州贵阳检测）

A. it what to do with   B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it   D. to do what with it

②He knows            to deal with man but when he meets women, he doesn’t know          to do.                 （原创）

A. what; how               B. what; what  

C. how; what               D. how; how

解析： ①选C。what to do (with it)为固定结构，意为“如何处理……”，意思等同于how to deal (with it)。“疑问词+不定式”作knows的宾语。

②选C。作“对待，处理”讲时，do with 和deal with同义，deal with与how搭配，do with与what搭配。

14. watch over

看守；监视；照看

Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim?

我游泳时你能帮我看着我的衣服吗？

He felt that God was watching over him.

他感觉到上帝保佑着他。

watch out (for)                     当心，注意

watch for sb./sth.                观察；等待

keep a watch on                  监视

under the close watch        在严密监视下

高手过招

翻译句子

①他们等待着进一步的发展。

②小心！汽车来了。

答案： ①They are watching for further developments.

②Watch out! There’s a car coming.

重点句型

15. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！

随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！

so ...that ...意为 “如此……以至于……”。

②such+         a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that-clause

                      adj.+复数名词+that-clause

                      adj.+不可数名词+that-clause

She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed.

她病得很重，都下不了床了。

These are such interesting books that children like to read them.

这些书很有趣，孩子们喜欢读。

温馨提示

so that 既可以表达结果，又可以表达目的，表目的时相当于in order that。

I stopped so that you could catch up.

我停下来以便你能赶得上。

“so ...that ...”结构中的“so+adj./adv.”位于句首时，主句要倒装。

So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.

他工作那么努力，几乎不回家。

“such ...as ...”中的as引导的是一个定语从句。

高手过招

单项填空

—What a beautiful day!

—Yes, it’s           that I’d like to take a walk.

                                                 （2009·12·陕西西安检测）

A. such nice weather           B. so a nice weather

C. too nice weather             D. nice weather so