偶看新闻为虎傅翼是什么意思:新目标九年级英语毕业专项复习教案、学案、讲义及专项训练---介词
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新目标九年级英语毕业专项复习教案、学案、讲义及专项训练---介词
介词：
1、介词的主要用法：
介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front of(在…前方)等。
2、介词的分类表： (见下表)
地点(位置、范围)介词：above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。
方向(目标趋向)介词：across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面, etween…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, on
时间介词：about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时
方式介词：as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有…
涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言
其它介词:
【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了…
【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...
【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同
【伴随/状态介词】 against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起
3、介词短语的句法作用：
介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came
4、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗？)
5、重要注释：
⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒)
⑵ for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成“对于…而言”。如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in on
⑶ of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了)
⑷ 介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。
① 当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁？)
② 宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有 一个需要他照顾的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗？)
③动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我 最终找到了一张椅子坐。)
(5) 记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in(到达…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的东部),in the night(在夜间),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充满/ 装满….),be filled with(充满/ 装满….),be good/bad for(对…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/结束时),by the end of(不迟于…/到…末为止),with the help of或with on
6、某些介词的用法辨析：
⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间； 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院)
⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)
⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段斶间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态；如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年)
⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)
⑸ about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游)
⑹ through与across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”； across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)
(7)as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲) / Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲)
(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别：at the end of…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在…末；在…尽头”,常与过去时连用；by the end of…只能表示时间,译为“在…前；到…为止”,常用于过去完成时； in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时；to the end译为“到…的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)
(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别：for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用；for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时；in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时；at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。如：Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧！) / I’ll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)
(10)but的问题：用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(选择) but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗)
(11)in front of 与in the front of： in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台)
(12)except与besides的区别：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)
△ 基 本 型
用适当的介词填空：
1. You’d better not go _______ the forest. It’s dangerous.
2. Which room are you going to live ______?
3. The building is ______ fire. There are some people ______ the top floor.
4. Before 1990 there was no airline _______ the two cities.
5. It’s not good to come late _______ school.
6. What’s wrong _______ your bike?
7. Thank you very much _______ coming to see me.
8. I couldn’t finish it _______ your help.
9. Don’t laugh _______ others’ mistakes.
10. Do the twins look _______ their father?
1. –How do you usually come to school every day?
-Sometimes _______ bike, sometimes _______ foot.
2. It’s very kind _______ you to help me _______ my maths.
3. Don’t read _______ the sun. It’s bad ________ your eyes.
4. The teacher told us the moon travels ________ the earth.
5. You must learn these words _______ heart, and answer my questions ____ English.
6. Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.
7. Thanks ______ your help. I finished the work before dark.
8. It’s cold and the temperature is ________ zero during the night.
9. The teacher is writing ______ red ink _______ a piece of paper.
10.The children are waiting _______ the gate _______ their mother.
△ 提 高 型
1. There are two classes _____ Wednesday afternoon. (99南京)
A. at B. in C. on D. to
2. This programme was sent to the USA _____ China ______ satellite. (99辽宁)
A. in; of B. of; in C. from; by D. by; from
3. The visitors _____ Japan arrived ______ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A. from; at B. of; to C. from; to D. of; on (99江西)
4. Here are some presents ______ you ______ our best wishes. (99安徽)
A. to; with B. for; with C. of; about D. for; for
5. Lily asked her brother, Mike, not to be angry ______ her. (99兰州)
A. in B. to C. with D. for
6. Is everyone here good _____ dancing? (99昆明)
A. at B. on C. to D. for
7. They arrived _____ Guangzhou ______ the morning of May 25. (98广州)
A. at; in B. in; in C. in; on D. at; during
8. Children are often told not to play ______ fire. (98上海)
A. on B. for C. with D. under
9. No on
A. of B. from C. to D. out of
10. The easer goes ______ on
A. from; for B. from; till C. from; after D. from; to
1. You’ll get a nice present _____ your parents _____ your birthday.
A. from; on B. for; at C. from; in D. of; during
2. Let’s wait _____ her _____ the corner of the street.
A. on; on B. for; in C. at; at D. for; at
3. Look! The two men are ______ trouble. They are calling ______ help.
A. with; for B. in; for C. under; at D. into; out
4. The boy filled the bottle ______ some milk. Now it’s full ______ milk.
A. with; with B. of; with C. with; of D. off; without
5. Mother always talks _____ her friends _____ the phone ______ weekend.
A. with; on; at B. to; with; on C. about; on; through D. of; by; at
6. –When did he lend the dictionary _____ you?
-I borrowed it _____ him the day before yesterday.
A. from; to B. to; by C. to; from D. on; out of
7. Uncle Wang lives _____ a farm, but he works ______ a factory.
A. in; in B. to; in C. in; at D. on; in
8. She came up to me, _____ a smile _____ her face.
A. with; in B. like; on C. with; on D. without; at
9. He wanted to ask _____ some books ______ music.
A. for; in B. about; of C. for; on D. about; about
10.His school is far _____ his home, but near ______ mine.
A. from; to B. from; from C. to; to D. to; from
△ 综 合 型
1. The bridge _____ the river is made ______ big stone.
A. on; from B. over; of C. above; in D. of; into
2. He stayed _____ his uncle’s _____ a week.
A. in; for B. with; till C. at; for D. for; about
3. I can’t swim _____ the river _____ a piece of wood.
A. across; without B. through; with C. over; on D. in; by
4. The desk _____ the teacher is ______ the classroom.
A. of; in front B. to; in front of C. at; before D. for; in the front of
5. John cut the pear _____ four pieces ______ a knife.
A. in; by B. into; with C. with; by D. to; in
6. The other day I met a friend _____ my way to school.
A. of me on B. of my on C. in D. of mine on
7. It’s easy _____ us to finish the work _____ time.
A. for; on B. of; in C. for; before D. of; at
8. We, League members, should be strict _____ ourselves _____ our work.
A. in; in B. with; with C. with; in D. in; with
9. She asked me to sit _____ her and help her _____ Chinese.
A. between; at B. beside; with C. before; in D. on; of
10. Lin Tao answered all the questions _____ the last on
A. except; as B. beside; as C. except; on D. but; in
1. Jim’s gone ______ England with his family and he won’t be back _____ Monday.
A. for; on B. to; at C. for; till D. to; until
2. ____ Christmas Eve, children all over Britain put a stocking _____ the en of their beds before they go to sleep.
A. At; by B. During; in C. On; at D. In; before
3. Is the girl _____ red _____ duty today?
A. with; on B. on; for C. of; at D. in; on
4. _____ a few years’ time, it will be covered _____ many thousands of trees.
A. In; with B. After; by C. In; on D. After; over
5. Many old things _____ show were used _____ keeping tea hot.
A. at; to B. on; for C. for; on D. in; as
6. English is spoken ____ a first language _____ most people in the USA.
A. by; as B. as; by C. for; of D. like; in
7. We visited him _____ his workplace _____ the young trees.
A. in; beside B. at; along C. at; among D. to; between
8. It will stop the sand _____ moving _____ the rich farmland in the south.
A. from; toward B. from; to C. into; towards D. at; down
9. What’s the difference _____ a sheep and a goat?
A. from B. to C. between D. among
10.They got _____ the foot of the mountain just now.
A. at B. in C. to D. off
11.My father returned at 10 o’clock _____ of June 15. (2000重庆)
A. in the night B. by the night C. on the night D. at night
12.He often mistakes me _____ my brother. (2000黑龙江)
A. to B. as C. for D. with
13.China has built a Great Green Wall _____ the northern part _____ the country.
A. to; in B. across; of C. across; on D. at; of (2000辽宁)
14.Thank you very much _____ lending the eraser ______ me. (2000河南)
A. for; at B. to; to C. for; to D. to; for
15.Since you are ______ trouble, why not ask ______ help? (2000安徽)
A. in; for B. in; to C. with; for D. with; to
16.My aunt arrived here _______ a warm spring morning. (2001哈尔滨)
A. in B. at C. on D. by
17.His father has been ______ Australia ______ 1998. (2001汕头)
A. to; in B. in; since C. to; from D. in; from
18.Mr. Black was angry ______ Jim _____ laughing _______ him. (2002汕头)
A. at; for; to B. for; with; on C. with; for; with D. with; for; at