颈椎刮痧的方法:新东方在线英语习题精选9(六级)

　　六级作文预测

　　大学生创业

　　热点作文9

　　来自：新东方在线

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Students’ Starting Their Own Undertakings. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

　　1)现在有不少大学生毕业后开始自主创业，政府鼓励这种行为，而且还给大学生创业提供了许多优惠和便利措施

　　2)产生这一现象的原因

　　3)你的看法

　　【思路点拨】

　　本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象，提纲第2点要求分析现象产生的原因，提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法，由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

　　根据所给提纲，本文应包含以下内容：描述目前许多大学生自主创业的现象;分析大学生选择自主创业的原因;阐述“我”对大学生自主创业的看法。

　　【参考范文】

　　College Students’ Starting Their Own Undertakings

　　Nowadays there are many college students who choose to start their own undertakings instead of finding a job after graduation. The government encourages this practice, and provides many preferential policies and facilitation measures for college students. This phenomenon has aroused great concern from the whole society.

　　However, why do so many college students take the way of starting their own undertakings? Firstly, college students are facing severe employment situations. Many college graduates couldn’t find ideal jobs, which forces them to set up their own businesses. Moreover, some ambitious college students are not satisfied with being employed by others. They want to develop and prove their talents by running their own businesses. Besides, the government’s encouragement and the media’s reports on college students venture stars have stimulated more college students’ enthusiasm to take this way.

　　As for me, it is a good choice for college students to start their own undertakings. However, it is a very difficult cause, which needs firm determination, clear mind, ability to endure hardship and a feasible project. Therefore, think it over and make full preparation before you decide to start your own business.

　　六级精选阅读

　　Passage Two (Europe’s Gypsies, Are They a Nation?)

　　The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer an unprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies (or Roman) to be recognized as a nation, albeit one without a defined territory. And if they were to achieve that they might even seek some kind of formal place—at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union’s present and future countries. Some experts put the figure at 4m-plus; some proponents of Gypsy rights go as high as 15m.

　　Unlike Jews, Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to. Though their language is related to Hindi, their territorial origins are misty. Romanian peasants held them to be born on the moon. Other Europeans (wrongly) thought them migrant Egyptians, hence the derivative Gypsy. Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers who drifted west from India in the 7th century.

　　However, since communism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago, the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground. The International Romany Union, which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than 30 countries, is fostering the idea of “self-rallying”. It is trying to promote a standard and written form of the language; it waves a Gypsy flag (green with a wheel) when it lobbies in such places as the United Bations; and in July it held a congress in Prague, The Czech capital. Where President Vaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal.

　　At the congress a Slovak-born lawyer, Emil Scuka, was elected president of the International Tomany Union. Later this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians, including members of parliament, mayors and local councilors from all over Europe (OSCE), to discuss how to persuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics.

　　The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speak for Gypsies, but that is not saying a lot. Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at its congress, few were democratically elected; oddly, none came from Hungary, whose Gypsies are perhaps the world’s best organized, with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councils there. The union did, however, announce its ambition to set up a parliament, but how it would actually be elected was left undecided.

　　So far, the European Commission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation. The might, it is feared, open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques, Corsicans and other awkward peoples. Besides, acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire, just when several countries, particularly Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, are beginning to treat them better, in order to qualify for EU membership. “The EU’s whole premise is to overcome differences, not to highlight them,” says a nervous Eurocrat.

　　But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largest continent wide minority, and one with a terrible history of persecution, is catching on . Gypsies have suffered many pogroms over the centuries. In Romania, the country that still has the largest number of them (more than 1m), in the 19th century they were actually enslaved. Hitler tried to wipe them out, along with the Jews.

　　“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures,” says Jan Marinus Wiersma, a Dutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current commissioners should be responsible for Gypsy affairs. Some prominent Gypsies say they should be more directly represented, perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament. That, they argue, might give them a boost. There are moves afoot to help them to get money for, among other things, a Gypsy university.

　　One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are, in fact, extremely heterogeneous. They belong to many different, and often antagonistic, clans and tribes, with no common language or religion, Their self-proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt. Still, says, Dimitrina Petrova, head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest, Gypsies’ shared experience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation; their potential unity, she says, stems from “being regarded as sub-human by most majorities in Europe.”

　　And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic. In Slovakia and Bulgaria, for instance, Gypsy political parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament. In Macedonia, a Gypsy party already has some—and even runs a municipality. Nicholas Gheorge, an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE, reckons that, spread over Central Europe, there are now about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors, 400-odd local councilors, and a growing number of businessmen and intellectuals.

　　That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation. But, with the Gypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe, they are making ground.

　　The Best Title of this passage is

　　[A]. Gypsies Want to Form a Nation. . Are They a Nation.

　　[C]. EU Is Afraid of Their Growth. [C]. They Are a Tribe

　　Where are the most probable Gypsy territory origins?

　　[A]. Most probably they drifted west from India in the 7th century.

　　. They are scattered everywhere in the world.

　　[C]. Probably, they stemmed from Central Europe.

　　[D]. They probably came from the International Romany Union.

　　What does the International Romany lobby for?

　　[A]. It lobbies for a demand to be accepted by such international organizations as EU and UN.

　　. It lobbies for a post in any international Romany Union.

　　[C]. It lobbies for the right as a nation.

　　[D]. It lobbies for a place in such international organizations as the EU or UN.

　　Why is the Europe Commission wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation?

　　[A]. It may open a Pandora’s Box.

　　. Encouragement may lead to some unexpected results.

　　[C]. It fears that the Basgnes, Corsicans and other nations seeking separation may raise the same demand.

　　[D]. Gyspsies’ demand may highlight the difference in the EU.

　　The big problem lies in the fact that

　　[A]. Gypsies belong to different and antagonistic clans and tribes without a common language or religion.

　　. Their leaders prove corrupt.

　　[C]. Their potential unity stems from “being regarded as sub-human”.

　　[D]. They are a bit more pragmatic.

　　Vocabulary

　　albeit 尽管，虽然

　　outnumber 数字上超过

　　ethnic 少数民族的成员，种族集团的成员

　　Hindi 印地语

　　misty 模糊不清的，朦胧的

　　derivative 衍生的，派生的

　　itinerant 逻辑的

　　Romanesten 说吉普塞语的地方

　　Romanes 吉普塞语

　　Stan 地方

　　outfit (口)组织，(协同工作)的集体

　　local 地方(市，镇，县)政务委员会

　　wary 谨慎的，机警的

　　backfire 产生出乎意料或事与愿违的结果

　　highlight 强调

　　persecution 迫害

　　catch on 了解，风行=to become popular

　　pogrom 大屠杀，集体迫害

　　commissioner 委员，调查团团员

　　quota 定量，配额，限额

　　snag (尖利突出物，抽丝)潜在的困难

　　heterogeneous 由不同种类组成的

　　antagonistic 有效对抗性的，对抗性的

　　clan 氏族

　　tribe 部落

　　pragmatic 务实的，讲究实效的

　　municipality 城市，镇，区属政府，自治区

　　Rom 罗姆，即吉普塞人

　　难句译注

　　1. Central Europe 中欧，如本文提及捷克，匈牙利，罗马尼亚等。

　　2. European Union 欧盟。

　　3. the EUs institutions 欧洲机构，如：European Commission 欧盟委员会，European Council 欧盟理事会，European Parliament 欧洲会议，the Court of Justic 欧洲法院。4m=more than 4 million 四百多万。

　　Unlike Jews, Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to.

　　[结构简析] hark back to =to mention again or remember an earlier subject, event, etc. 吉普塞不知其祖先来自何方，而犹太人在《圣经》中已阐明了他们的历史。

　　[参考译文] 吉普塞人和犹太人不同，他们没有可以回想起来的已知的祖居地。

　　…the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground.

　　[结构简析] gain ground (on) 接近。

　　[参考译文] 作为建立在吉普塞文化基础上的无疆地民族应该有一个说吉普塞语的地方。这种想法越来越为人接受。

　　6. the International Romany Union 国际吉普塞人联盟。

　　7. Vaclav Harel (1936--) 剧作家和人权运动成员，1990——1992为捷克斯洛伐克的总统，1993年后为捷克总统。

　　8. a Slovak-born lawyer 斯洛伐克出生的律师，1992年捷克斯洛伐克

　　9. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe 简称OSCE，偶中安全合作条约组织，成立于1972。

　　nation 一词有民族和国家的含义。这里主要指：民族。因为作为国家应有疆土，但吉普塞人有要求成立国家的想法，欧盟是国家加入地方，不是民族加入。

　　electoral block 选举集团

　　The might, it is feared, open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques, Corsicans and other awkward peoples.

　　[结构简析] Pandora’s box 潘多拉盒子——喻种种麻烦事。潘多拉是主神宙斯命火神用黏土制成的第一个女性。宙斯命潘多拉带着一个盒子下凡。潘多拉私自打开盒子，于是里面的疾病，罪恶等各种祸害全部出来，散布于世。这里潘多拉盒子喻里面已有的各种麻烦的民族，吉普塞加入，更多了一份麻烦。

　　[参考译文] 人们担心，若让吉普塞人作为一个民族代表，就会打开了一个潘多拉盒子，里面已经装有要独立的西班牙的巴斯克人，意大利的科西嘉人和其他难以对付的民族。

　　写作手法与文章大意

　　文章以对比手法环绕吉普塞是不是一个民族/国家，可不可以取得合法地位这一中心而写。从人口上说，它的数量超过加入欧盟许多国家，应在欧盟中一席之底。但人口分散在各国，他是对抗的部落，还没有共同的语言和信仰。不像犹太人，它们没有回归的祖居地。它们成立了国际联盟，也选出了领导，在布鲁塞尔开设了办事处，想成立国会，但不知如何落实操作，只是极力游说欧盟和联合国等组织，以获得一个合法地位和发言权。这是欧盟日程表上一个问题，但欧盟等机构又担心，万一他们取得正式地位，那些国家中正闹分离和独立的民族也会提出同样的要求，就象潘多拉盒子那样，不能打开。

　　答案详解：

　　B. 他们是一个民族/国家吗?整篇文章环境这一点而写，文章一开始就提出中欧入欧盟的国家会给大陆吉普塞人一个机会，承认他们是一个民族——国家，虽然没有界定的领土(作为国家，应有领土)。吉普塞人的领袖人物也指出其人数超过欧盟中许多现在有的和将来要入盟的国家。他们至少要在欧盟中有一席之地。第二段提出，吉普塞和犹太人不同，他们没有可回归的祖居地。他们的语言属印欧语系。英国人认为他们来自埃及及移民。最可能的是七世纪时一些流浪的手工业工人和艺人从印度向西方流移。第三段涉及一种思想——以吉普塞文化为基础的无疆土的吉普塞民族应有个说话的地方—越来越为人接受。国际吉普塞人联盟声称代表30多个国家的吉普塞人，做了几件事：展开自我联合，提出语言标准和书面形式，在联合国进行游说活动时挥动吉普塞国旗，在布鲁塞尔设立办事处，六月在捷克首都布拉格召开会议。第四段集中讲到会上选出了联盟主席。一群选出吉普塞的政治家——国会议员，市长，地方政务委员再次在布拉格开会，会议由欧洲安全合作条约组织召集，来讨论如何动员更多的吉普塞人参政。第五段涉及联盟雄心勃勃的宣布要建立国会，但如何实际操作还未落实。后面主要是外界对吉普塞的态度。第六段描述欧盟委员会在吉普塞作为最大的大陆少数民族，历史上遭到残酷的迫害，应赢得特别承认。19世纪他们横遭奴役，希特勒企图把它们和犹太人一起消灭。第八段讲了欧洲会议中有人提出吉普塞在欧洲机构中应有一席之地，还提议一个常务委员负责吉普塞事务。还有行动筹建建立一所吉普塞大学。后面两段讲的是困难，第九段点出。最后一段指出，现在说他们有人有钱可以组成(国家)为时还早，可是吉普塞是欧盟中日程表上的一个问题，他们日益接近解决。从内部，外部情况分析都说明吉普塞是一个组成国家的民族。全文都是环绕它是不是，该不该承认为民族/国家而写，所以B项他们是不是民族是最佳标题。

　　A. 吉普塞要想组成一个国家(民族)。这只是文章涉及到的部分内容，中欧国家想加入欧盟一事可能产生的结果。 C. 欧盟害怕它们成长。 D. 他们是一个部落。

　　A. 最可能是在7世纪从印度流浪到西方。见第1题第二注释。

　　B. 他们分散在世界各地。 C. 可能他们源于中欧。 D. 他们可能来自国际吉普塞人联盟。

　　D. 它们在这些国际组织，如欧盟，联合国中进行活动游说要取得一席之地。见第1题第一段，三段注释。

　　A. 它们游说活动欧盟和联合国接受他们的要求。太抽象。 B. 它们活动游说在国际机构取得职位。 C. 他们游说作为民族的权利。

　　C. 它害怕巴斯克人，科西嘉人和其它要求分裂的民族会提出同样的要求。见难句译注11。

　　A. 它可能会打开潘多拉盒子。此盒子在文章中只是比喻。 B. 鼓励可能会导致某些意想不到的结果。 D. 吉普塞的要求会加深欧盟分歧。 B,D两项不够明确。

　　A. 吉普塞人属于不同的，而且常常是对抗的民族的部落，还没有共同的语言和宗教信仰。

　　B. 他们领袖很腐败。 C. 他们潜在的团结来自被人看作是低于人类(次等人)。 D. 他们有点太讲究实效， B,C, D 三项不是主要问题。主要问题是A. 项。

　　六级完形与改错专项训练

　　来自:新东方在线

　　Passage 8

　　Error Correction(15 minutes)

　　Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

　　Example:

　　Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.

　　1. time/times/period

　　Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature

　　2. /___________

　　as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television.3. the___________

　　Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has been

　　bound to the planet on which he originated and devel-

　　oped. Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move 71. __________

　　out into the universe to those worlds which he has known

　　previously only directly. Men have explored parts of the moon.72. __________

　　put spaceships in orbit around another planet and possibly within

　　the decade will land into another planet and explore it. Can we be73. __________

　　too bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other 74. __________

　　planet within the not-too-distant future? Some have advocated75. __________

　　such a procedure as a solution to the population problem: ship the

　　excess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the76. __________

　　billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. To

　　maintain the earth’s population at its present level, we would have

　　to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every day of the

　　year.

　　Why are we spending so little money on space ex-77. __________

　　ploration? Consider the great need for improving many aspects78. __________

　　of the global environment, one is surely justified in his

　　concern for the money and resources that they are poured into79. __________

　　the space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should look at

　　both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions.80. __________

　　71. had has72. directly indirectly

　　73. into on74. too so

　　75. planet planets / worlds76. head mind

　　77. little much78. Consider Considering

　　79. they /

　　80. (arriving) (arriving) at 或 arriving reaching/drawing/making

　　来自:新东方在线

　　1. _______________ (随着工商业的发展),the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.

　　2. Travel can widen our knowledge, _____________ (扩大我们的眼界),and make one open-minded as well.

　　3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _______________ (这已经对环境造成了严重的污染).

　　4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we ________________(坚持认为)that economic development is the center of all our work.

　　5. He was convinced on the basis of ____________(当时已出现的情况)that there would be a long and difficult struggle.

　　1. With industries and business developing quickly

　　解析：本句意为：随着工商业的发展，许多大城市的树木数量正急剧减少。“随着……”要用介词with或along with。“工商业”既包括工业也包括商业，翻译时要注意译文的完整性。本句也可译成：With the quick development of industries and business.

　　2. broaden our horizon

　　解析：句中的短语widen our knowledge意思是“扩大我们的眼界”，make one open-minded是同义复指，它们表示相同的意思却在英语里使用不同的表达，以避免用词重复。这是英语行文的一个技巧，考生在翻译时应尽量避免 wordiness(用词累赘)，这个技巧在写六级作文时也值得借鉴。本句还可以译成：expand our vision或extend our sight.

　　3. which has seriously polluted the environment

　　解析：“这已经对环境造成了严重的污染”中的“这”显然是指前半句提到的the smog in cities，这里需要的是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明城市烟雾对环境的影响。本句还可以译成：which has brought serious pollution to the environment。

　　4. hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to the idea

　　解析：本句意为：只要我们坚持以经济建设为中心，那么在21世纪上半叶实现现代化是完全可能的。本题考查固定短语“坚持认为”的说法。除了答案提供的说法外还有以下说法大家可以参考：persist in the idea/ persevere in the idea/ adhere to the idea等。

　　5. what had appeared by then

　　解析：“情况”在这里没必要直译成situation或case，本句含义是指基于当时的情况使他确信，因而可以用what引导作basis后置定语。还有一点需要注意的是，“当时已出现”要求我们在翻译时准确选择时态。by then与过去完成时态想一致，也可以用at that time。

　　六级翻译冲刺专项训练

　　来自:新东方在线

　　96. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."

　　[参考译文]Nancy Dubler，Montehore医疗中心的主任，认为这一原则将会保护这样一些医生，他们到目前为止还强烈坚持他们不能够给病人足量的镇痛剂来控制他们的疼痛，如果这么做会加速他们的死亡的话。

　　97. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted—suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

　　[参考译文]在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对他们来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。

　　98. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end--of--life care.

　　[参考译文]它把对疼痛的治疗不足和盲目积极使用"有可能延长死亡时间甚至让死亡过程蒙羞的无效并且强迫性的医疗手段"视为生命临终医护的两个问题。

　　99. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing new.

　　[参考译文]换句话说，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着--套约定俗成的写作模式，为新闻报道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。若没有这些，新闻内容就会一团混乱，让人摸不着头脑。

　　100. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

　　[参考译文]如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。