偶看新闻李晨的好大一包图片:外来入侵物种害你多花钱
来源：百度文库 编辑：偶看新闻 时间：2024/04/29 12:05:55
外来入侵物种并不光是那些从外国传入的动物、可怕的蛇或讨厌的虫子。还包括一些致命的细菌和病毒。尽管难以断言哪种外来入侵物种最为有害，联邦全国外来入侵物种委员会（NISC）的克里斯托弗·迪奥尼基表示，“我认为是西尼罗河病毒。”疾病控制和预防中心的数据显示，今年有36人死于这种病毒。在1999-2010年间，总共有1220宗死亡案例。
Invasives can also hurt agriculture and hit consumers in the pocketbook. For example, some breakfast items cost more because of them, including:
生物入侵还会伤害农业并让消费者的荷包受损。例如，某些早餐食品就是因为它们才变得更贵，包括：
Orange juice. It's more expensive because of an Asian bacterial disease, Dionigi says. It cost Florida orange growers more than $6 million between 1915 and 1933 to eradicate citrus canker in the southeastern United States. The disease, probably carried on leaves, appeared again in the 1980s, requiring 20 million trees to be burned at a cost of $94 million, according to the University of California-Riverside's Center for Invasive Species Research. It has recently reappeared in Florida.
橙汁。迪奥尼基指出，一种源自亚洲的细菌传染病使橙汁的价格提高了。1915-1933年间，佛罗里达的柑橘果农花费超过600万美元用于根除美国东南部的柑橘溃疡病。这种病菌可能由叶片携带，于20世纪80年代卷土重来，据加州大学河滨分校外来入侵物种研究中心的资料显示，为了控制这次疫病爆发，2000万株果树被焚毁，损失达9400万美元。近期它又再度现身佛罗里达。
Toast. The price of a loaf of bread is higher because of karnal bunt, a fungal disease in wheat that first appeared in the U.S. in 1996. It appears to have originated in India but made its way to Mexico in the 1970s and from there to Arizona, Texas and New Mexico.
吐司。面包的价格升高是由于局部腥黑穗病的影响，这种小麦真菌传染病1996年首次现身美国。它似乎源于印度，但在上世纪70年代辗转传到了墨西哥，并从那里传到亚利桑那、德克萨斯和新墨西哥州。
Sausage or steak. If you have either, you're paying to keep the soybean aphid away from the crop that feeds cattle and pigs. The insect originated in Asia but was discovered in Wisconsin and the upper Midwest in 2000. It's now in 21 states and results in lower yields — and higher meat prices.
香肠或牛排。如果你的早餐包括这二者之一，你要为防止大豆蚜虫侵害牛和猪的饲料作物而买单。这种害虫原产亚洲，但2000年在威斯康辛和中西部地区的北部发现了它的踪迹。它现在已传播到21个州，并引起减产——以及肉价上涨。
Not all invasive species are bad, of course. Non-native species that we depend on include corn, wheat, rice, chicken and cattle, notes a much-cited 2001 paper on invasive species worldwide published in the journal Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment.
当然，并非所有的入侵物种都不好。据一篇2001年刊登在《农业、生态系统和环境》杂志上的被广泛引用的关于全球入侵物种的研究论文指出，我们赖以生存的非本地物种包括玉米、小麦、水稻、鸡和牛。
People have a role to play in keeping exotics out, says Lori WIlliams, NISC executive director. For plant pests, they can contact their local U.S. Department of Agriculture extension agent to "find out what plants to avoid (and good ones to plant) in their area," she says.
NISC执行主席洛丽·威廉姆斯表示，人们能够为防止外来物种入侵起到一定作用。她说，针对植物虫害，人们可以联系美国农业部在当地的办事机构工作人员，以“找出在当地不宜种植哪种植物（及适宜种哪种）。”
"For boaters, clean your boat before moving it to keep aquatic hitchhikers off," Williams says.
“划船的人在把船移上岸之前应清洗船身，防止从水中带来一些生物。”威廉姆斯说。
Williams also warns pet owners not to release non-native pets into the wild. Some states, including Florida, hold pet amnesty days when people can bring in animals they can no longer take care of, she says.
威廉姆斯还提醒养宠物的人不要把非本土产的宠物放归野外。她表示，在佛罗里达和其它一些州设有宠物放生日，人们可以在那时把他们不再养的宠物带去。