水泥胶砂水泥用量计算:高中英语串题复习法
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高中英语串题复习法
高考前英语复习除了抓课课过关、单元过关外,还要注意如何串题、联题,纵横归纳,对知识点进行系统归类,整理成若干类不同层次的题目,使之一目了然;哪个语言点在高考中可能会以哪几个类型的题目来考查同学们的掌握程度;应注意哪些是基本的、稍难的或难度大的题目。这样,全面围题,层层突破,就不必担忧高考中的“怪题”,在考试中就会得心应手,胸有成竹。现分述如下:
一.单词的纵向串题
单词的纵向串题,即是复习到一个单词,就得想想这个单词有几点用法,注意什么,跟哪个单词接近,容易混淆。考试中会出现哪几种类型的题目等。如seat尽可能会出现以下几类题目,由易到难排列如下:
1. Won't you take a seat?
A. take place B. take your place C. take places D. take the place of
2. The meeting will begin in a minute. Please_______, ladies and gentlemen.
A. be seating B. seat C. be seated D. seat down
3. Can the students _______ at the back hear me?
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
4. _____myself, I began to read the novel.
A. Seated B. Seating C. To seat D. Seat
5. I found the little by______.
A. seat on the ground B. was seating on the ground
C. seating on the ground D. seated on the ground
6. She was seen_______behind her old grand father.
A. sit B. seating C. seated herself D. seating herself
7. The workers have built a concert hall which_____over2, 000 people.
A. seats B. is seated C. sits D. is held
8. After______all the passengers, she went away.
A. sitting B. seating C. seated D. sat
简析:1.B.2.C.be seated=sit down 3.C过去分词作定语。4.B.现在分词作时间状语,sent常以反身代词作宾语。5.D.seated过去分词作宾补。6.D.用现在分词作主补,反身代词作宾语。7.A.seat意为“容纳”、“有…座位”。8.B.seat意为“使…就座,帮助…找到座位。
又如population会出现以下几类题:
1. China________a population of 12 billion.
2. The population of China________12 billion.
3. More than 80 percent of the population of China______ peasants.
4. Only 20 percent of the population of that country_______farming population.
(1-4)共同选项:A. has B. have C. is D. are
5. _______is the population of the U. S. A?
A. How B. How many C. How much D. What
6. The population of
A. much large B. much more C. much larger D. more much
简析:1.A. has a population of. . . 有. . . 人口。2.C. population作整体名词,谓语用单数。3.D. population前有分数词、百分比等强调数量时,谓语用复数。4.C. 因其表语是整体名词population. 5-6.D. C. 整体名词、度量衡等单位名词,应用what提问,large或small修饰,不能直接用表数量的词来修饰。
二.同义词的横向归纳。
同义词是英语中的一大难点。在完形填空题中尤为常见。所以在平时学习时应注意予以归纳,稍加区别。常见同义词可用数目表示加以记忆。如:三“声”(voice, sound, noise);四“静” (silent, still, quiet, calm); 五“好”(good, well, fine, nice, kind);六“穿”(put on, wear, have on, dress, be in, pull on); 七“当作”(consider/regard/treat/have/think of/look on. . . . as. . . /take. . . for);连系动词的八“变”(become, turn, get, grow, come, go, fall, run),小康水平的九大“花费"(take, cost, pay, buy, sell, spend, afford, waste, worth),十“看”(look, see, watch, notice, observe, visit, read, gaze, stare, glare),十二“打”(hit, strike, beat, knock, slap, pat, tap clap, bump, box, whip, hammer)等等,然后以题目的形式加以辩认区别。如以四“静”为例拟题如下:
1. Please keep____while I take your photograph.
2. _____waters run deep.
3. "B" is a_______letter in "doubt".
4. You'd better be____about what happened.
5. This is a_____street(evening)
6. The sea was_______.
共同选项:A. silent B. calm C. quiet D. still
简析:1.D. still指“一动不动”的静。2. D. 静水流深,大智若愚。3-4.A. silent指“不发音”及“不说话”保持沉默的静。5.C. quiet指自然界的宁静或指人不激动、兴奋的静。
6.B. calm指海、湖面无风浪的静或指心境的镇定、冷静。
三.词组的用法串题
学习到每一个词组,都要认真地加以总结其句型。该注意到什么?等等。如agree可归纳为如下四个句型,注意两点。1. A agree with; 2. A agree with what B said ; 3. A agree to sth ; 4. A and B agree on sth
注意两点:agree with 还有另外两个意思:1.对. . . 适合、适宜(通常指健康方面)eg. Mutton doesn't agree with me. 2.与. . . 一致:what he says doesn't agree with what he does.
又如:do with 与deal with区别归纳如下:
1. What to do with sth. 2. How to deal with sth. 3. What to deal with.
只要领会好这些句型,考试时就可立于不败之地。(例略)。
四.句型对比串题
碰到一个句型,就要联想起相似的,又有不同质的差别的句型。这样便加深了对该句型的理解及运用。如对比下各组句型。
1. a)It is no good doing sth.
b)It is not good to do sth.
2. There is no doing sth. =It is impossible to do sth.
eg. There is no telling what will happen. 未来的事无可奉告。
(=It is impossible to tell what will happen)
3. a)There is no use doing sth. 无用。
b)There is no need to do sth. 没有必要. . . 。
(need后一般用不定式而不用现在分词。)
eg. There is no use saying it again.
再说一次也无用。
There is no need to worry about it. 没有必要为这事感到不安。
since. . .
4. It is + time + that. . . 拟题如下:
when. .
1)It was seven o'clock_______he went to school.
2)It was at seven o'clock_______he went to school.
3)It is seven years________he left here.
共同选项:A. since B. that C. when
简析:1. C. It +时间点+when里的it为代词,不是引导词,不能看作强调句型。意为“他上学时是七点”。2. B. 句型it+含有介词有的时间状语+that为强调句型。意为“他在七点钟时上学。”3.A. It +时间段+since,表时间。意为:“自他离开这里已有七年了。”
五.语法专题串讲
复习到每一个语法项目时,就要注意系统地加以归纳出一般的、特殊的,共会出现哪几类问题,哪些题目难度较大较难理解等。如定语从句,名词性从句等。由于篇幅所限,不作具体说明。
总之,串题法,从理论上分析对于紧张而又繁重的考前复习有以下三个特点。
第一:符合识记规律
串题法是以普遍的认识规律为理论依据的。把普遍性与特殊性有机地联系起来,便于对比、理解、识记、运用,达到掌握. 它针对考路,抓住常设考题的语言点,从方便学生记忆的角度出发,一批一批、一串一串地归纳疑难语言现象,力争举一反三。并在此基础上,通过大量地做以前同类试卷或练习,来暴露,弥补漏洞,强化记忆,以求熟而生巧,触类旁通。
第二:符合量变质变必要性规律
串题法,即是把平时学习的量的积累过程上升到质变的本质意崐义上来,这是非常必要的一环,是质的飞跃,是收获的保证,否则前功尽弃。因为英语语言点是零碎的,象一盘散珠。如果没有通过一定的线索把它们有机地组合起来,就很难完全了解其用法特点。所以在总复习时,必须用串题法把分布在各册的语言点有机地串连在一起。加以辩认,上升到质上来, 方能在高考中自如熟练地运用,取得好成绩。
第三:线要“新”,串要“巧”。
串题法,不是简单地把学过的语言点堆积,陈列在一起;而是用一条“别出新裁”的线把有关的东西巧妙地串联起来。串题是否富有启发性、趣味性、可读性, 关键在于这条“线”, 及如何“串”, 如笔者撰写的《3:2巧辩易混不定代词》中的“线”是“3:2”, 其中“3”是指不定代词中表示三者及三者以上的数目。如all, none, every, another any等。“2”是指表示“二者”的不定代词,如与上面列举的三者相对应的有both, neither, eath, the other either等。
实践证明,只要教师引导得法,学生肯下功夫,串题法确实行之有效。