海稻:改进的双路斯台曼约定叫

   下面是译文，是本人依据Grant Baze原文并结合《二十一世纪的二盖一》一书而编译整理的，目的是条理性更好，使之易学易记。                                            改进的双路斯台曼约定叫
                                               作者：格兰特·贝茨                格兰特·贝茨的改进的双路斯台曼约定叫（MTWS）用于开叫1NT后，再叫时替代新低花逼叫（NMF）。就其止叫序列，邀请序列和逼叫序列而言，MTWS要明显好于NMF，并且应用时还有一些附加优势。如果应叫人未曾pass过，MTWS适用于任何时候开叫人开叫一阶花色，应叫人也应叫一阶花色，开叫人再叫1NT后，应叫人的再叫表达。MTWS还适用于敌方在一阶的争叫！
                           开叫人       应叫人                           1X               1Y
                          1NT            如何再叫?

 

MTWS有3个重要特征：

1.   当应叫人应叫 2C时，是要开叫人必须无条件接力至2D，没有例外！

2.   当应叫人应叫 2D时，是约定性的并且逼叫进局！其含义通常是对高花的重询，尽管也可以是对任意低花的逼叫序列的开始。

3.   应叫人跳再叫或开叫人的套，或自己的套或其他较低级的花套，（除了3C外）统统都是逼叫进局的，
      以描述应叫人清晰纯正的一套或多套的一手漂亮牌型。      被迫接力至2D的后续：第一个可能是将要停止于2D上：这表明应叫人可能拥有一手弱牌的长D套。
      如果应叫人没有pass 2D，那么此后应叫人所做的任何叫品都是邀请的（除了明显的splinter，随后讨论）。      这时，开叫人可以pass，或接受邀请进局，或有些情况作再次反邀请。

          一 . 2 C后的变化

       叫牌举例：1 -1 -1NT-2 -2(逼叫性应叫，开叫人被迫应叫2D)后：

       如果应叫方再次叫出2, 2, 2NT, 3,3,3, or 3,上述每一个叫品都是邀请。所有的这些叫品实力范围：9—12hcp，
       而如果应叫人仅有9点这样叫牌，那么他一定有异乎寻常的好牌。
       上述各叫品含义如下：

1）   2H 表示5—4高花

2）   2S 表示5张高花套（偶尔6张）

3）   2NT邀请3NT，同时表明对开叫方的所开叫的低花有4张支持；如果愿意，开叫人可以止叫于3C！就是说，如果开叫的是1D，
      那么这种延迟性加叫2NT=表示4张方片支持。如果没有4张低花支持，那就该直接加叫至2NT。

4）   3C 表示5张C支持。

5）   3D 表示5—5的 S和D套。

6）   3H 表示5---5高花。

7）   3S 表示6张S。

                         

           二. 2D 后的变化             2D是约定性逼局约定叫。其后续是通常显示了一手逼局的垃圾牌，尽管牌力很强，但没有长套或长套质量不够逼叫性跳再叫。             2D一般适用于：

1）             为应叫方寻找3张高花支持。

2）            寻找被埋没的4---4高花的配合。

3）            对开叫人的低花套建立逼叫性加叫序列。

4）            以未叫低花建立逼局（且自然性）的叫牌序列。

 

           三. 应叫方的跳再叫 定式1：

      应叫方跳再叫3C=止叫！这是唯一的不逼叫的跳再叫的止叫序列！表明应叫方有一手很坏的长C套的弱牌！
     （译者注：哈代《21世纪的二盖一》补充：应叫人典型的类似牌情：S： Axxx   H：x   D：xx  C： JTxxxx  ） 定式2：

      除了3C之外，应叫人跳再叫自己的套，开叫的套或其他套统统都是逼局的，表达了清晰纯正的一手漂亮牌情；
      而且可能有满贯兴趣。应叫方牌力无上限，他们可能有一手对大满贯充满欲望的一手牌情。 定式3：
      如果开叫方的开叫是D，那么应叫人必须有5张D支持才能跳再叫3D，否则就该先叫2D建立逼局，然后再叫支持D。
      如果开叫方的套是C，那么应叫人必须通过用2D进局逼叫后，才能支持C，因为立即跳再叫3C永远是一手弱牌止叫进程！ 重要推论：

      开叫人开叫一阶低花，应叫人叫1S，开叫人再叫1NT，应叫人再叫2H！！！此时开叫方14hcp，4张H支持，
      开叫人是多么想知道是否应该加至3H或4H！采用本约定叫的方法，开叫人只能pass！如果应叫人想做邀请，
      就该使用2C接力，同理可证，应叫人再叫自己的高花套，也是不允许开叫人加叫！

     （比如：S：Qxxxx，  H：Qxxx  D：Q x  C: x xx ）

      此为止叫序列。                                           需要澄清的问题： 

1）             如果叫牌进程是：1 - 1 - 1NT, 2，那么2D仍然是逼局进程，在此序列中，如果应叫人继续叫3C或3D，是对低花的约定，甚至有满贯的兴趣。如果应叫人想要卸除再叫的纠葛，而停于2D的话，应叫方就会使用2C接力至2D，然后pass。

                 2）   使用本约定叫没有改变逆叫的含义。如果叫牌进程是：1 - 1 - 1NT - 2, ,应叫方有5+张H,大概4张S，逼局实力，
               也许很可能有满贯兴趣。

 

  3）    叫过pass后的叫牌：当应叫人曾经pass过，且开叫人再叫是1NT，2C还是要求接力至2D，接力结构完全适用，
        即使应叫人PASS过，但应叫方仍然有邀请进局的实力牌值。
        如果开叫1C，你将不再停于2C，不过opp大概无论如何也不 会让你停于2C的。           开叫人再叫1NT后，曾经叫过PASS的同伴再叫2D不再构成逼局，因为叫过pass的同伴不可能有进局的实力。
           在这种情况下，2D是自然叫，且非邀请；但应叫方确实保证了第一应叫花色是5张套。
           如果应叫人采用WALSH应叫方式：绕过更长的D套，应叫一门4张高花，或者如果对开叫人的开叫的1D有4张支持，
           在应叫一阶一门4张高花后，应叫方可以再叫2C逼迫开叫人接力至2D，然后PASS！                                                                                   Splinter序列：                      因为接力叫牌的实用有效性，开叫方再叫1NT后，应叫方有2种方式做Splinter再叫：        1：直接Splinter=支持开叫的花色；               1 -1 -1NT -3，3S是对开叫的花色C的加叫。应叫人有1张S，4张H，5+张C，逼局实力；
       注意：应叫人未必就有满贯兴  趣，所描述的整手牌情告诫同伴如果最终约定是无将的话，S可能存在问题。        2：接力后的Splinter=应叫人自己套的Splinter。 

             1 - 1- 1NT- 2 -2 -3表示单张S，6+张H，有满贯兴趣。如果无意于满贯，就会在1nt后直接叫出4H。

      注意：应叫人所作的Splinter，不论是支持同伴或自己的套，区别在于是否实用接力叫。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Modified Two-way Stayman

( Grant Baze)

Modified Two-way Stayman replaces New Minor Forcing after a 1NT rebid by opener. MTWS is better in terms of sign off sequences, invitational sequences and forcing sequences. Additionally it has a few frills and benefits not seen with NMF. MTWS applies anytime opener bids 1 of a suit , responder bids 1 of a suit, and opener bids 1NT providing responder is not a passed hand. MTWS still applies if there is 1 level competition from the opponents.

There are 3 important features of MTWS.

• 2 response to a 1NT rebid is a relay to 2. 2 is an unconditional force to 2 (no exceptions)
• 2 response to a 1NT rebid is artificial and game forcing. It is usually a major suit checkback, although it could be the beginning of a forcing sequence in either minor.
• Jump rebids by responder into opener`s suit, their own suit or any ranking lower suit (except 3)are game forcing, describing a "pure" hand type in the suit or suits that responder has bid.

Continuations after the forced relay to 2 The first possibility is there will be no continuation. Responder may have a poor hand with long diamonds.

If responder does not pass 2 any bid they make is invitational (except for the obvious splinter to be discussed later) Opener may pass, accept the invitation by bidding game, or (in some cases) reinvite

Example: 1 -1 -1NT-2 -2 (forced response). If responder next bids 2, 2, 2NT, 3,3,3, or 3, each of these bids are invitational. The meaning of the invitational bids in this example are:

• 2 shows 5-4 in the majors
• 2 shows 5 card suit
• 2NT invites 3NT but shows a hand that includes 4 card support for openers minor suit. This allows opener to sign off in 3 if they wish. If opener had opened 1, then the delayed raise to 2NT would show 4 card diamond support. Without 4 card minor support, responder would raise 1NT to 2NT directly.
• 3 shows 5 card club support
• 3 shows 5-5 spades and diamonds
• 3 shows 5-5 majors
• 3 shows a 6 card suit

Continuations after the artificial 2 game force to a 1NT rebid. 2 usually shows a junkish game forcing hand, although it can be very strong without the suit lengths or suit quality to make a forcing jump. The 2 bid is used to:

• Find 3 card support for responder`s major
• Find a buried 4-4 major suit fit.
• Create a force in opener`s minor.
• Create a forcing (and natural)bid in the unbid minor.

Jump rebids by responder. A jump rebid of 3 is the end of the auction. Responder has some bad hand with lots of clubs. This is the only jump rebid that is not forcing. Jumps by responder in their own suit, opener`s suit, or a lower ranking suit (other than clubs) are game forcing, "pure" and probably slammish. Responder`s hand is unlimited, and they could have a hand with which they envision a grand slam. If opener`s suit is diamonds, responder must have at least 5 card support for a jump into opener`s diamonds; otherwise they would create a game force by bidding 2 then supporting diamonds. If opener`s suit is clubs, responder must go through the 2 game force before they can support clubs, because an immediate jump into clubs is always a bad hand and the end of the auction.

Important Inferences: Opener opens a minor; responder bids 1, opener rebids 1NT, responder bids 2. Opener has 14 HCP and four hearts; normally they would wonder if he should bid 3 or 4. Using these methods, they must pass. If responder wanted to invite, they would have used the 2 relay. The same reasoning applies if responder rebids his major suit. Opener is not allowed to raise.

Clarifications: If the auction is 1 - 1 - 1NT, 2 is still a game force. In this auction, if responder continues with 3 or 3, they have interest in a minor suit contract, possibly a slam. If responder wanted out in diamonds, they would have used the 2 relay. The use of this convention does not change the meaning of reverses by responder. If the auction is 1 - 1 - 1NT - 2, responder has 5 or more hearts, presumably 4 spades, and a game force with likely slam interest.

Passed hand auctions: When responder is a passed hand and opener has rebid 1NT, 2 is still a relay to 2, and the entire structure applies. Even though responder is a passed hand they can still have invitational values. If the opening bid was 1, you can no longer play 2, but the opponents probably were not going to let you play it there anyway. After opener`s rebid of 1NT, a rebid of 2 by a passed hand can no longer be game forcing, because a passed hand cannot have a game force. In this case 2 is natural and not invitational; it does, however, guarantee 5 cards in responder`s first bid suit. If responder has bypassed a longer diamond suit to bid a 4 card major, or if they have 4 card support for opener`s diamond suit and only a 4 card major, they would bid 2 to force opener to bid 2 and then pass.

Splinter sequences: Because of the availability of the relay auction, responder has two ways in which to splinter after opener`s rebid if 1NT. An immediate splinter is in support of opener`s suit (think of your partner first). A relay followed by an unusual jump is a splinter in support of responder`s own suit. 1 -1 -1NT -3 is a splinter raise of clubs. Responder has 1 spade, 4 hearts, 5 or more clubs and a game forcing hand. Responder is not necessarily interested in slam. They may be just describing their hand and warning partner that there may be a spade problem if the final contract is NT. 1 - 1- 1NT- 2 -2 -3 shows 1 spade, 6 or more hearts, and a slammish hand. If responder had no interest in slam they would bid 4 directly over 1NT. Note that responder can splinter in support of either their own suit or opener`s suit. The difference is determined by whether they relay first or not.http://members.shaw.ca/conventions/m2ws.htm-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------