天下男妖皆炉鼎结局:久坐的风险（与乳腺癌直肠癌的关系）

The analysis, being presented today at the annual conference of the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) in Washington, D.C., cites about 49,000 cases of breast cancer and 43,000 of colon cancer.

    发表于美国癌症研究所（AICR）年会的这篇分析引用了大约4万9千例乳腺癌和4万3千例直肠癌。

"This gives us some idea of the cancers we could prevent by getting people to be more active," says epidemiologist Christine Friedenreich of Alberta Health Services in Calgary, Canada. Calculations are based on U.S. physical activity data and cancer incidence statistics. "This is a conservative estimate," she says. "The more physical activity you do, the lower your risk of these cancers."

      加拿大卡尔加里市亚伯达卫生服务中心的流行病学专家克里斯汀.佛里奇认为，“这项研究给予我们一种防癌思路，即通过更多的体育锻炼。”其分析计算结果基于美国体育锻炼数据和癌症发病率统计数据。她同时说道，“这仅是个保守的估计，更多的体育锻炼，就能降低肿瘤的患病风险。”

Alpa Patel, an American Cancer Society epidemiologist who looked at the data, says the numbers "seem like very reasonable estimates."

      美国癌症流行病学专家阿尔芭.帕特看了这项调查数据后认为，“该数据看起来是非常合理的估计”。

Experts have known for years that physical activity decreases the risk of chronic diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes, Friedenreich says, but the new data give estimates on the number of cases that might be prevented if people were more physically active.

       佛里奇认为，对于体育锻炼能够降低慢性病包括癌症、心脏病、糖尿病等发病风险，专家们早已达成共识。但是这项新的调查数据估计出了人们通过更多锻炼所能预防疾病的数量。

"A brisk daily walk of at least 30 minutes could lower a person's risk over time for breast cancer and colon cancer," says Alice Bender, a registered dietitian with AICR.

      AICR的注册营养师埃利斯本德说，“每天至少三十分钟的快步行走可以逐渐降低乳腺癌及直肠癌的患病风险。”

Friedenreich reviewed more than 200 cancer studies worldwide and found convincing evidence that regular physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer, colon cancer and endometrial cancer by 25% to 30%. There's some evidence that regular exercise also reduces the risk of lung, prostate and ovarian cancer, she says.

        佛罗奇回顾了全世界的超过200个癌症研究调查，并发现了令人信服的证据，即规律的体育锻炼可以降低乳腺癌、直肠癌、子宫内膜癌发病风险百分之二十五到三十。同时她认为，其他一些证据也能够表明规律的锻炼也会降低包括肺癌前列腺癌卵巢癌的发病风险。

Patel and others also have investigated the health dangers of sitting too long without moving around, which is called "sitting disease."

        帕特和其他一些学者同时也调查了由久坐不动所引起的健康威胁，戏称为久坐病。

In a study of 123,000 people, she found that the more time people spent sitting, the higher their risk of dying early. "Even among individuals who were regularly active, the risk of dying prematurely was higher among those who spent more time sitting," she says.

      通过对123000个对象的研究，她发现坐得越久，低龄死亡的风险越高。“甚至在那些规律体育锻炼的人群中，久坐的人英年早逝的风险也更高”。

Even if you are doing half an hour of aerobic activity a day, you need to make sure you don't sit the rest of the day, Patel says. "You have to get up and take breaks from sitting."

        即使一天进行一个半小时的有氧运动，你也要保证一天剩下的时间不能全部坐着。帕特说“你需要站起来从久坐中解脱出来。”

Emerging research indicates that prolonged sitting also increases the risk of some types of cancer, such as colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers, Friedenreich says.

        佛里奇认为，新的研究表明长期坐着也会增加一些肿瘤的发病风险，如直肠癌，子宫内膜癌，卵巢癌。

James Levine, a professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., says many people sit an average of seven to 9? hours a day. "If you've sat for an hour, you've probably sat too long," he says.

        来自明尼苏达州罗切斯特市梅奥医学中心的医学教授詹姆斯莱文认为，许多人一天会花7到9.5个小时坐着。他说道“如果花一个小时坐着，你可能就坐的太久了”。

Friedenreich is looking into why exercise reduces cancer risk. In a study of 320 post-menopausal women, she has found that physical activity appears to decrease the risk of cancer by increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing body fat, inflammation, metabolic hormones and sex steroids hormones.

         佛里奇正在探究锻炼降低癌症风险的原因。在320例绝经后妇女的调查中，她发现体育锻炼可能是通过增加胰岛素敏感性和降低体脂含量、炎症因子、代谢性激素和性激素从而降低了癌症的患病风险。