鲤鱼代表什么生肖:全球大评选：最适合及最不适合女性的国家

2011年度全球性别差异报告：最适合（及最不适合）女性的国家

If you've been itching to take a sabbatical overseas, now may be the time to up and move to Iceland. That's right, friends: That not-actually-so-icy isle may be the best country in the world to be a working woman, according to the World Economic Forum's newly released 2011 Global Gender Gap Report. The report ranked 135 countries -- and Iceland topped the list.

       如果你一直在计划去哪个国家度假，现在就是时候启程前往冰岛了。没错，朋友们。根据世界经济论坛最新发布的“2011年度全球性别差异报告”，这个并非全部是冰的岛屿在全部135个国家中脱颖而出，成为地球上最适合职业女性的国家。

The report gets its rankings by measuring the gap between men and women in four key areas:

该报告的排名标准基于不同国家两性差异的4个关键领域：

1.    Economic participation and opportunity, which covers the wage gap as well as the percentage of women working and women working in high-skill jobs. 

1.经济参与度和机会，其中包含了薪金差距、女性就业率和女性在高技能领域的就业情况。

2.    Educational attainment, which includes access to all levels of education.

2.教育程度，涵盖了教育的各个层面。

3.    Health and survival, which measures life expectancy and mortality rates.

3.健康和存活率，这一项统计了预期寿命和死亡率。

4.    Political empowerment, which measures how women are represented in decision-making structures (i.e. the government).

4.政治权利，这一项统计了女性在决策领域所占的比重（比如在政府中）。

All 135 countries were assigned a numerical score between 0 (complete inequality) and 1 (complete equality). These scores were calculated by taking the average of 14 different ratios, each based on a specific indicator that falls under the heading of one of the four key areas. The indicators included the ratio of female to male literacy, the ratio of female pay to male pay for similar work, the ratio of female legislators and senior officials to male legislators and officials, and the number of female heads of state to male heads of state in the last 50 years.

        所有135个国家的得分介于0与1之间，0代表完全不平等，1代表完全平等。评分结果是14个不同比例的平均数，其中每个比例都是基于上述4个领域下某个具体的指标。这些指标包括：非文盲的女-男比率、在相似工作中获得报酬的女-男比率、在立法者和高级官员中女性人数与男性人数的比率，以及在过去50年间国家元首中的女-男比率。

The U.S. managed to squeeze into the top 20 for the second time since the report's inception in 2005, sandwiched between the U.K. and Canada. While over 90 percent of gaps in life expectancy and access to education have already been closed worldwide, women continue lag behind men at work and in politics.

       自2005年该报告首次发表以来，美国此次第2回杀入前20名，排在英国和加拿大之间。在预期寿命和教育程度方面，全世界范围内超过90%的两性差距已经消失，但女性仍在工作和政治两方面仍落后于男性。

以下是排名前20位和最后10位的国家：

1.冰岛

2.挪威

3.芬兰

4.瑞典

5.爱尔兰

6.新西兰

7.丹麦

8.菲律宾

9.莱索托

10.瑞士

11.德国

12.西班牙

13.比利时

14.南非

15.荷兰

16.英国

17.美国

18.加拿大

19.拉脱维亚

20.古巴

126.尼泊尔

127.阿曼

128.贝宁

129.摩洛哥

130.科特迪瓦

131.沙特

132.马里

133.巴基斯坦

134.乍得

135.也门