小二by莲兮莲兮书包:中考英语书面表达六类常见错误分析

（一）文不达意

　　「要点领悟」

　　在英语书面表达的提示信息中，常有这样的语句“可适当增加细节”或“可适当发挥”，但所增加的内容应该与文章相关。如果所“发挥”的内容与文章无关，就是“画蛇添足”了。

　　「信息提示」

　　根据下面的4幅图画用英语写一篇短文，要求故事包括所有图画的主要内容，可以适当增加细节，使意思连贯。词数在100以上。

　　「习作实况」

　　One day， an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn‘t move. But to everyone’s anger, the car ran away as quickly as it could. The old woman had to lie on the ground and cried  （1）。 Luckily， a man， who was sweeping the street nearby， saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. He was angry with the driver （2）。 Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that， the dustman took her home. When the old woman‘s daughter knew what had happened to her mother， she was moved deeply and thanked him very much. After a while the dustman left and went to do his work. The daughter thanked him again （ （3）。

　　「精讲点拨」

　　（1）此句与图中提示不相符，应删去。

　　（2）此处加写这句属多余，也与图画内容不符。

　　（3）文章写到“……very much.”处已经很完整了，加上这一句使行文显得重复、累赘。

　　「精品范文」

　　One day， an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn‘t move a little. Luckily，a man，who was sweeping the street nearby， saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that， the dustman took her home. When the old woman’s daughter knew what had happened to her mother，she was moved deeply and thanked him very much.

 

（二）名词单复数

　　「要点领悟」

　　同学们在写作时，往往把重点放在文章的构思和句子结构上，有时忽略了名词的单复数。在中考作文中，如果名词的数使用混乱，也会导致较多的失分。

　　「信息提示」

　　假如你是吴强，去年春天和几位同学到东浦岛野餐，以“The happiest day”为题写一篇80-100词的作文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点规范。

　　「习作实况」

　　The happiest day Last spring my classmate （1） and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink. We sang happily on our ways （2） there. After about one and a half hour （3）， we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grasses （4） all around us. How beautiful it was！ After about twenty minute‘s （5） rest， we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while， everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat， fish， fruit and vegetable （6）。 How delicious they were！ We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s faces （7）。

　　「精讲点拨」

　　（1）classmate在本句中看不出错误来，如果结合第二段的…… four groups就可发现classmate要用复数形式。

　　（2）在on one‘s way 结构中，way 没有复数形式。

　　（3）这儿不是半个小时，而是一个半小时，所以hour要用复数。

　　（4）此处指普通的草，多用单数。

　　（5）此处应将minute‘s改为minutes’，即twenty minutes‘ rest.

　　（6）此处应用vegetable的复数形式vegetables.

　　（7）这儿指的是每个人的脸上，应将faces改为face.

　　「精品范文」

　　The happiest day Last spring my classmates and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink.

　　We sang happily on the way there. After about one and a half hours，we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grass all around us. How beautiful it was！After about twenty minutes‘ rest， we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while， everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat，fish，fruit and vegetables. How delicious they were！We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s face.（三）用词不当

　　「要点领悟」

　　文章构思新颖、结构严谨固然重要，但它只是文章的骨架。要充实内容，就得有一定的遣词造句的功力，在此基础知识就显得尤为重要了。

　　「信息提示」

　　李华平时总是忙于功课，很少做家务。母亲节这一天，她想帮妈妈做饭，却不小心切了手指，本想让妈妈在节日期间好好休息，却未能如愿。以“On Mother‘s Day”为题写一篇词数为80-100的短文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点正确。

　　「习作实况」

　　On Mother's Day I'm usually busy with my studies and do few （1） housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead （2） her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables， fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well like （3） Mum. Bad luck！I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed into （4） and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back， dinner （5） ready. I felt sorry and said，“Mum had a busy Mother's Day again！”

　　「精讲点拨」

　　（1）housework是不可数名词，应用little来修饰。

　　（2）instead是副词，后不能接宾语，这儿应该用instead of.

　　（3）like虽然可用作介词，意为“像”，但这儿是as…… as……结构，因此此处应改为as well as……

　　（4）into是介词，其后要接宾语，但句中无宾语，所以改为副词in.

　　（5）ready是形容词，不能单独作谓语，所以其前要加was.

　　「精品范文」

　　On Mother‘s Day I'm usually busy with my studies and do little housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead of her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables，fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well as Mum. Bad luck！I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed in and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back， dinner was ready. I felt sorry and said，“Mum had a busy Mother's Day again！”（四）母语干扰

　　「要点领悟」

　　许多同学在用英语写作时很容易受汉语的影响而写错句子，即写所谓的Chinglish.这是书面表达中常见的错误之一。

　　「信息提示」

　　请你根据实际情况，以“My School Life”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文。

　　「习作实况」

　　My School Life I‘m a middle school student. Although our school is very usual （1）， but （2） it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers. The here （3） air is very fresh. In the morning， lots of schoolmates （4） early （5） go to school and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All of the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that， someone （6） are reading in the library， others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6：00. Oh！ How colorful my school life is！

　　「精讲点拨」

　　（1）作者显然想表达“学校很一般或普通”，此处最好用common一词，而usual意思是“通常的”。

　　（2）受汉语“虽然……但是……”的影响，作者将这一意思直接译成英语“although…but…”，而在英语同一句子中只用这两个词的其中之一表示汉语的“虽然……但是……”。

　　（3）here是副词，用来修饰名词时应位于被修饰词之后。

　　（4）schoolmate指校友、同学，通常不包含自己在内，改为students好些，指全校学生。

　　（5）“早早到校”的英语表达是go to school early， 副词early应位于句末。

　　（6）someone意思是“某人”，要改为some students.

　　「精品范文」

　　My School Life I‘m a middle school student. Although our school is very common，it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers. The air here is very fresh. In the morning，lots of students go to school early and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that，some students are reading in the library，others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6：00. Oh！How colorful my school life is！（五）语态错误

　　「要点领悟」

　　英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，主要由动词的变化形式来体现。英语中有些不及物动词或不及物动词词组，汉语理解往往是及物的，而不及物动词却有汉语中及物动词的意思，所以同学们在平时的英语学习中要特别注意这一点。

　　「信息提示」

　　比较下面两幅图片。请以“Great Changes in Our Country”为题写一篇短文，介绍改革开放20多年来祖国的巨大的变化。词数80左右。

　　提示词：overpass 天桥

　　「习作实况」

　　Great Changes in Our Country Great changes have been （1） taken place in our country. Many buildings have been builded （2） in cities and towns， even at villages. The more cars we have， the more crowded the roads are. So the roads were become （3） wider and wider. Many overpasses have been builded （4） in big cities. Chinese people‘s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs， washing machines， fridges， computers，cars，etc. These things couldn’t buy （5） twenty years ago. We‘ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.

　　「精讲点拨」

　　（1）take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。

　　（2）、（4） 被动语态的过去分词用得不对。

　　（3）动词become在这里是系动词，后接形容词比较级作表语。系动词通常没有被动语态。

　　（5）此处应用被动式couldn‘t be bought.

　　「精品范文」

　　Great Changes in Our Country Great changes have taken place in our country. Many buildings have been built in cities and towns， even at villages. The more cars we have， the more crowded the roads are. So the roads became wider and wider. Many overpasses have been built in big cities. Chinese people‘s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs， washing machines， fridges， computers， cars， etc. These things couldn’t be bought twenty years ago. We‘ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.（六）习惯用法和固定搭配

　　「要点领悟」

　　有的同学在写作时常常把一些习惯用语、固定词组及结构错误搭配，结果写出来的句子让人看不懂。我们在平时若将这些英语基础知识牢固掌握，考试时就会得心应手、从容自若。

　　「信息提示」

　　2005年10月1日  星期六  睛

　　昨天你叔叔打电话来，请你找几个朋友去他农场收桔子。于是今天早上6点，你和朋友就坐汽车出发了。一到农场便开始干活。桔子树上结满了桔子，你们又摘桔子又装车，忙完后在那儿吃了午餐，还吃了不少桔子。下午坐卡车回家。你们虽然忙了一天，却感到非常快乐。

　　请根据以上提示写一篇80词左右的英语日记。请注意日记的格式。

　　「习作实况」

　　October 1，2005，Saturday                                   Sunny

　　My uncle called me yesterday. He said in the phone （1） that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends. Today morning （2） we left home at 6：00. We went there by a bus （3）。 The trees in （4） the farm were really full with （5） oranges. When we got there， we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work， we had the lunch （6） at my uncle‘s house. We had many oranges， too. In the afternoon， we came back home by truck. We were busy today， but we were happy.「精讲点拨」

　　（1）“在电话里说……”应用介词on.

　　（2）“今天上午”的英语说法是this morning.

　　（3）by+交通工具名词时，其间不用冠词或其他修饰词。

　　（4）“在农场里”介词用on，应是on the farm.

　　（5）“……充（结）满……”有两种表示方法，be full of …… 或be filled with……

　　（6）英语中在表示吃一日三餐时，三餐前不加冠词。

　　「精品范文」

　　October 1， 2005， Saturday

　　Sunny My uncle called me yesterday. He said on the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends. This morning we left home at 6：00. We went there by bus. The trees on the farm were really full of oranges. When we got there，we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work， we had lunch at my uncle‘s house. We had many oranges， too. In the afternoon， we came back home by truck. We were busy today，but we were happy.