曲阜铜铸件垫圈定做:子宫日记（15）

In the womb 15

But sometimes things do go wrong. This 26-week-old fetus has developed a hole in his diaphragm, the membrane(膜) that separates the lungs from the abdomen. It’s not a problem now but his intestines(肠) will grow into the long cavity(腔) which will stop the lungs from developing properly. When he’s born, he will almost certainly be unable to breathe and will die. Professor Kiklers Nicoladis is a world-renowned pioneer of fetal surgery at King’s College Hospital in London. He’s developed a technique to block the windpipe(气管) of fetus with an inflatable(膨胀的) bladder(球泡) which forces the intestines back where they belong and allows the lungs to develop properly.

但有时胎儿的发育也会出现问题。这个26周胎儿隔离肺和腹腔的横膜上有一个洞。现在这还不是个问题，但是如果他的肠进入胸腔，会使肺不正常发育。他出生后，几乎可以肯定无法呼吸，将会死去。金科勒·尼古拉迪斯教授是伦敦国王学院医院的一位世界知名的胎儿手术先驱者。他发明了一种技术，用一个鼓起的气球来隔断气管与肠之间的空间，使肠仍然在腹腔内生长，而肺能正常发育。

This surgical procedure relies on a fetoscope(胎儿镜) to operate on the fetus inside the womb. A fetoscope is a long narrow tube filled with fiber optic(光学) filaments(灯丝). Light travels down one side of fibers to illuminate inside the uterus and is sent back to a camera so the surgeon can see what he’s doing. It also carries the delicate instruments to conduct the operation. The first is to inject an anesthetic(麻药) into the fetus to keep it from moving. The mother is awake during the entire procedure with only a local anesthetic to numb her. A general anesthetic will be too harmful for the baby. Professor Nicoladis then inserts the fetoscope through an incision(切口) in the mother’s abdomen into the amniotic cavity.

专家使用胎儿镜对子宫中的胎儿进行手术。胎儿镜是一个细长的管子，里面充满了光学灯丝纤维。光线通过纤维传导，照亮子宫内部，并把图像传回监视器，医生就能进行手术，使用的工具都非常精细。手术第一步是给胎儿注射麻醉剂，防止其乱动。母亲在整个手术过程中都是清醒的，只使用一点点局麻，母亲全身麻醉对孩子非常有害。尼古拉迪斯教授把胎儿镜插进母亲肚子上的一个小切口，并慢慢伸入羊膜。

Once he safely reaches the fetus, he gently pushes the fetoscope into the mouth and down the back of the throat. Inside the trachea(气管), he inflates(充气) a tiny balloon that traps(限制) fluid inside the lungs. As the fetus grows, the lungs produce more fluid which stimulates the lung tissue to grow and expand forcing the intestines out of the chest cavity. The balloon is left in place for two months to give the lungs time to mature. Then the procedure is repeated and the balloon is removed in time for what everyone hopes will be a normal birth. Since this operation to treat baby with this defect has been available, it has increased their chance of survival by 50 percent.

    安全地到达胎儿后，教授会轻轻地把胎儿镜推入胎儿的嘴，一直深入到喉咙背面、气管内部，然后他就给一个很小的气球充气，使液体留在肺里。胎儿发育时，肺产生很多的液体刺激肺部组织的生长扩张，这样就能把肠推出胸腔。气球在合适的位置放上两个月，使肺有足够的时间发育成熟。然后重复整个手术过程把气球及时取出来，我们就能期待出生的是一个正常的婴儿。自从这种对胎儿进行手术的方法变得可行后，这种先天缺陷的胎儿存活率提高到50%。

At 28 weeks or 7 months, the baby is over 2/3 of the way through her time in the womb and is gaining weight fast as she lays down a layer of fat under her skin. Her senses are buzzing(嗡嗡响) and her cerebral(大脑的) cortex(皮层) has matured enough to support consciousness. Over the next 4 weeks, her nervous system will become as advanced as a newborn baby. She is becoming aware of the world around her and for the first time her brain is beginning to create memory. The fetus has spent so much time listening to her mother’s voice, she is familiar with its rhythms. With this constant exposure, she absorbs enough of these patterns to recognize and even respond to it. Researchers analyzing the cries of the newborns found that they already contain some of the rhythms and patterns of their mother’s speech. The fetus can now hear, taste, smell and touch.

在28周或者说7个月后，孩子已经走完了子宫时期三分之二的路程。她的体重在快速增长，因为皮肤下已经有了厚厚的脂肪层。感觉器官迅速发育，而大脑皮层也已经足够成熟，让她开始有了意识。在接下来的四周里，她的神经系统会变得像一个新生儿一样发达。她开始逐渐认识周围的世界，而且大脑第一次有了记忆。胎儿一直在听母亲的声音，所以她对这种声音的韵律已经很熟悉。因为不断的接触，她能够辨认出一些母亲声音的音素并作出反应。专家们对新生儿的哭声研究后发现，他们已经有了某些母亲语言里的音律。胎儿现在已经能听见声音，品尝美味，闻到气味，触摸世界。

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