偶看新闻文德广场文泰阁怎么样:二战老照片（第2辑）：入侵波兰和冬季战争
来源：百度文库 编辑：偶看新闻 时间：2024/05/03 15:12:46
这是二战老照片的第2辑，主要介绍纳粹德国和苏联联合对波兰实施入侵，瓜分波兰；以及苏联发动了对芬兰的冬季战争。
World War II: The Invasion of Poland and the Winter War
二战：入侵波兰和冬季战争（第2辑）
In August of 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty -- one week later, Germany invaded Poland and World War II began. The first attack of the war took place on September 1, 1939, as German aircraft attacked the Polish town of Wielun, killing nearly 1,200. Five minutes later, the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire on a transit depot at Westerplatte in the Free City of Danzig. Within days, the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany and began mobilizing their armies and preparing their civilians. On September 17, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. Polish forces surrendered in early October after losing some 65,000 troops and many thousands of civilians. In November, Soviet forces invaded Finland and began a months-long battle dubbed the Winter War. By the beginning of 1940, Germany was finalizing plans for the invasions of Denmark and Norway. Collected here are images of these tumultuous first months and of Allied forces preparing for the arduous battles to come. (This entry is Part 2 of a weekly 20-part retrospective of World War II) [45 photos]
（共45张照片）
1、从一架大概是海因克尔He111P中型轰炸机的驾驶舱看一个尚未受到破坏的波兰城市，1939年。（LOC）。
View of an undamaged Polish city from the cockpit of a German medium bomber aircraft, likely a Heinkel He 111 P, in 1939.
2、1939年，波兰陆军依然保持有许多骑兵连，这些骑兵连在不久前1921年爆发的苏 - 波战争中发挥了很好的作用。有这样一个神话，波兰骑兵不顾一切地向入侵的纳粹坦克冲去，骑兵们奋不顾身地与装甲车搏斗。当然，骑兵只是偶然与装甲师遭遇，他们真正的目标陆军部队，他们的攻击常常十分有效。纳粹和苏联的宣传对波兰骑兵这个虽然壮丽然而实际上落后于人的神话起了推波助澜的作用。这是一张1939年4月29日一支波兰骑兵连在波兰某地进行演习的照片。（美联社照片）。
In 1939, the Polish army still maintained many cavalry squadrons, which had served them well as recently as the Polish-Soviet War in 1921. A myth emerged about the Polish cavalry leading desperate charges against the tanks of the invading Nazis, pitting horsemen against armored vehicles. While cavalry units did encounter armored divisions on occasion, their targets were ground infantry, and their charges were often effective. Nazi and Soviet propaganda helped fuel the myth of the noble-yet-backward Polish cavalry. This photo is of a Polish cavalry squadron on maneuvers somewhere in Poland, on April 29, 1939. (AP Photo)
3、美联社通讯记者阿尔文·斯坦因库夫特（Alvin Steinkopf）从但泽自由市（Free City of Danzig - 但泽自由市，即现在的格但斯克）播报。当时该市是以一个自治市的状态归属于波兰。斯坦因库夫特正在向美国报告有关但泽自由市的紧张局势，1939年7月11日。数月以来德国一直在要求将但泽自由市划归第三帝国，有迹象表明正在准备采取军事行动。（美联社照片）。
译注：第一次世界大战中，德国战败。战后，为了使波兰获得出海口，而特别划出一条名为波兰走廊的地区。波兰虽然希望能够得到但泽，但由于当地的绝大多数人口都是德国人，最终形成了一个妥协方案，建立但泽自由市。但泽自由市的面积有1966平方公里。1919年时，有人口35万7千人左右。其中绝大部分都是以德语为母语的德国人。但泽自由市拥有自己的邮票和货币。1933年5月，纳粹党取得了但泽自由市选举的胜利。1939年9月2日，但泽自由市再次与德国合并。在第二次世界大战中，但泽自由市几乎化为灰烬。二战结束后，但泽自由市再次被被划归波兰，更名为格但斯克。当地的主体民族也由德国人变成了波兰人。
Associated Press correspondent Alvin Steinkopf broadcasting from the Free City of Danzig -- at the time, a semi-autonomous city-state tied to Poland. Steinkopf was relating the tense situation in Danzig back to America, on July 11, 1939. Germany had been demanding the incorporation of Danzing into the Third Reich for months, and appeared to be preparing military action. 
5、苏联部长会议主席约瑟夫·斯大林（后排右起第二位）微笑着，坐在那里的苏联外交部长维亚切斯拉夫·米哈伊洛维奇·莫洛托夫正在与德国的外交部长里约阿希姆·冯·宾特洛甫在“苏德互不侵犯条约”上签字，莫斯科，1939年8月23日。后排左边第一位是当时的苏联国防部长和总参谋长鲍里斯·米哈伊洛维奇·沙波什尼科夫元帅。苏德互不侵犯条约里有秘密条款在发生冲突时瓜分东欧为各自的势力范围。该条约实际上确保德国在入侵波兰时不会面临苏联的抵抗，使战争更进一步地走向现实。（美联社照片）。
Soviet premier Josef Stalin (second from right), smiles while Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov (seated), signs the non-aggression pact with German Reich Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (third from right), in Moscow, on August 23, 1939. The man at left is Soviet Deputy Defense Minister and Chief of the General Staff, Marshal Boris Shaposhnikov. The nonaggression pact included a secret protocol dividing eastern Europe into spheres of influence in the event of a conflict. The pact now guaranteed that Hitler's troops would face no resistance from the Soviets if they invaded Poland, bringing the war one step closer to reality.
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