油火时应用什么灭火器?:心理学领域里的惊人事实

心理学领域里的惊人事实

Articles about Happiness - Psychology & Health

Written by Anna Selner   

Are You a Kleptomaniac?

你有盗窃癖吗？

Kleptomania is a psychological disorder where the individual feels an uncontrollable urge to steal, mostly in stores. Kleptomaniacs feel a kind of impulse that is relieved by the act of stealing. It has less to do with the actual value of the stolen property and more with the act of stealing itself – it is exciting. This is an impulse disorder. Studies show that it most often affects women between the age of 30 and 40 from economically-sound social environments who also (in 60% of cases) suffer from anxiety, depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Kleptomania is treatable, but it takes time. Behavioral therapy approaches are most appropriate for this mental disorder.

盗窃癖是一种精神疾病，病人无法控制对偷窃行为的渴望，大部分病人在商店里发作。盗窃癖患者会感受到一股冲动，而这种冲动可以通过偷窃行为来缓解。这种冲动并不关乎偷盗物品的实际价值大小，而在于偷盗行为本身——太刺激了，这是一种冲动障碍。研究表明，该疾病易感人群是年龄在30到40岁之间的女性，大多经济条件良好，同时并发（60%的病例）焦虑、抑郁或强迫性精神障碍。盗窃癖可以治疗，但需要时间。针对该疾病的最适疗法是行为疗法。

The Intelligence of Dogs

狗的智力

A recent study by a psychologist at the University of British Columbia says that dogs can count, recognize more than 150 words, and intentionally deceive other dogs or people to get attention (or a treat)! From an analysis of several studies on canine behavior, the study went on to say that the mental abilities of dogs are similar to those of a child aged between two and two-and-a-half years. Canine intelligence differs according to breed. This has been suspected by many dog-lovers from a long time, and can be easily tied in with now-old knowledge of certain breeds of dogs, such as collies, poodles, German shepherds, golden retrievers, Dobermans and Labradors generally being more obedient, trainable, and good at work.

英属哥伦比亚大学的心理学家最近所做的一项研究表明，狗能计数、能辨识150多个单词，并且能有意地欺骗别的狗，或是欺骗人类以获取关注（或者耍个小手段）！通过对研究犬科动物行为的几篇文章进行分析，该研究进一步说明了狗的心智能力类似于两岁到两岁半的儿童。犬科动物的智商因血统而异，该观点一直以来被许多爱狗族质疑，同时，该观点很容易让我们联想起一些已经过时的知识：特殊血统的狗一般更加顺从、更易于训练、也更擅长完成任务，比如苏格兰牧羊犬、贵宾犬、德国牧羊犬、金毛猎犬、杜宾犬和拉布拉多猎犬。

Factors that Sabotage Weight-Loss Diets

令减肥食谱徒劳无功的元凶

Experts identified factors that may affect, or even sabotage, people’s many unsung efforts at losing weight. Some of these factors are:

专家们找到了一些可能影响减肥计划，甚至能令减肥努力徒劳无功的因素，它们是：

Lack of sleep, as this can trigger metabolic changes that cause weight gain by affecting hormones that control appetite and satiety.

缺乏睡眠。因为缺乏睡眠能够激发代谢上的变化，进而影响激素水平，这些激素能够调控食欲和饱腹感的感知，最终使体重上升。

Stress, because it causes the body to release hormones that, over time, can stimulate appetite and cause overeating. In addition, stress also leads one to higher volumes of comfort food, which in turn often are foods rich in fat and sugar.

压力。因为压力能导致机体过度释放激素，激发食欲，导致暴饮暴食。此外，压力也会促使人们更多摄入自己偏好的食物，而这些食物大多富含脂肪和糖类。

The influence of fatty foods on the brain because: Our body is naturally programmed to love fatty foods, both sweet and savory. This is because our brain not only receives signals of satiety in a more “loaded” way, it also puts in place a happy long-term memory experience. Beware! 

高脂肪食物对大脑的影响。我们的身体似乎天生注定喜爱高脂肪食物，无论是甜的还是味美可口的。那是因为我们的大脑不仅能接收已经超“载”了的饱腹感信号，同时大脑还能将美妙的记忆经历存储起来。所以要当心！

Autism: a Lengthy Trial in the U.S.

自闭症：美国经历的漫长实验

A topic of controversy and anxiety, autism may be the subject a lot of ink in coming months, when a U.S. court will examine the hypothesis that vaccines are responsible for this important behavioral disorder. The parents of about 5,000 American children hold that their children developed autism after being vaccinated. Two types of vaccine are particularly on the radar: those containing large quantities of mercury, and those with high volumes of live virus content, such as vaccines that combat rubella, mumps and measles.

有假说认为疫苗接种是自闭症，一种重要的精神疾病的病因，美国法院即将开始调查此事，这一充满争议和令人焦虑的话题在未来几个月将备受瞩目。在美国，有大约5000个儿童的家长认为他们的孩子在接种疫苗后得了自闭症。其中有两种疫苗被投诉较多：含有大量水银的疫苗和含有大剂量活病毒成分的疫苗，例如预防风疹、流行性腮腺炎和麻醉的疫苗。
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I Love You, But I’m Not In Love With You

我爱你，但并未与你相爱

A marriage counselor for over 20 years now, Andrew G. Marshall writes regularly about couples for the Times, the Observer and several other women's magazines. His book, I Love You, But I’m Not In Love With You, despite its rather dark title, is a breath of fresh air for all couples where passion seems to have given way to routine. Marshall has put together a seven-step program designed to restore loving communication between the two halves of a couple. An enlightening and positive book that offers new ways to rekindle the flame of the first day.

从业超过20年的婚姻顾问，Andrew G. Marshall为许多杂志撰写关于夫妇的特约文章，包括《时代》、《观察者》和其他几种女性杂志。他写了本书，叫《我爱你，但并未与你相爱》，尽管这本书有个相当消极的题目，但它对于那些热情已然让位给平淡的夫妇们来说是一阵清新的气息。作者总结了七步法来使夫妻双方重建爱的交流。这是一本令人茅塞顿开的积极的书，为各位提供重燃初始热情的新途径。（译者：抱歉了各位，翻译完才发现是个广告哈。。。）