水管保温棉图片:阅读理解猜测词义
阅读技巧训练(一)
猜测词义题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力。猜测词义包括对词、词组和句意的理解,是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题。
高考真题展示
…I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of car. I stopped and wondered what I shou do.
B
…We couldn’t afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldn’t even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teacher’s words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage.
…
A.
B.
C.
D.
猜测词义题常见的解题方法:
(一)上下文线索猜测词义
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是高考的热点。
如:
If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.
练习:
(二)根据定义或解释猜测词义
阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子,如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括号来表示。如:
Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.
分析:such as后所列举物品均为“货物”,由此推断cargo的意思相同,和后面的passengers形成对比。
练习
(1)Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.
(2)The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play.
(3)Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.
(4)The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.
(5)Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing.
(6)A person who has the SARS (非典型肺炎)may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature.
(三). 根据反义词或反义关系
One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
A. Quite right.
分析:由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词,我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。
练习:
1.
2. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.
3. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.
4. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.
答案:1.单一民族的
(四). 根据同义词或近义词关系
常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。如:
Millions of animals die each year on Us roads, the Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the Us today. The main reason? Roadkill.
分析:从后面的同位语an endangered wild cat 可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫
练习:
1.
2.
3.
答案:1。大厦
(五)利用例证性线索
某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子,使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。如:
You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.
分析:通过后面的例子:《英语世界》、《中小学外语教学》、《英语学习》,可知periodicals为“期刊杂志”
练习:
1.
2.
3.
答案:1。通晓多国语言
(六)根据构词法猜测词义
阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。如:
Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison
分析:anti—poison 是由poison加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
练习:
1.
2.
3.
答案:1。被夷为平地
实战练习
…Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work.
64. By describing lions as “opportunist” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions____.
2006年上海卷
…
Analyzing the law of the talion---an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth---William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back.”
A. medicine
2006年天津卷
C. accepted theory
2006年湖南卷
…When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life, trying hard to follow every new development, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.
71. The underlined sentence in Paragragh 1 means Sontag _____.
E.
Keys: C C A D