日本ena舞蹈系列番号:2012职称英语

第四部分（阅读理解）

第一篇

Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.

Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

词汇：

backdrop /'b?k,dr?p/ n. 背景 interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的

注释：

1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。

练习：

1. This passage is mostly about _______.

A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies

B. famous autobiographies

C. why biography can be difficult to write

D. differences between autobiographies and memoirs

2. Helen Keller wrote________.

A. a memoir

B. an autobiography

C. a work of fiction

D. a biography

3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.

A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sell

B. constantly compete with biography writers

C. want to present themselves in a good light

D. have trouble remembering the good times

4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.

A. defining it

B. giving an example

C. explaining why it is hard to write

D. telling when people first began writing it

5. Diverse means________.

A. able to swim in deep water

B. similar or alike

C. varied or different

D. enjoying poetry

答案与题解：

1. A 本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传

回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。

2. B 本题问的是：海伦?凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰?富兰克林和 海伦?凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。

3. C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格……，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。

4. A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。

5. C本题问的是：diverse 的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。

第八篇

The Changing Middle Class

The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.

The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one's own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself. 2

But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.

词汇：

designation /dezig'nei??n/ n. 称号 commute /k?'mju:t/ n. 上下班路程

mobility /m?u'bil?ti/ n. 流动性

注释：

1. However，middle c1ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. 然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。

2. In addition，middle-c1ass morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family，obligations to others，and believing in something outside onesèlf. 另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

3. make ends meet：收支相抵，维持生活

4. put strains on：带来压力

练习：

1. The information in this passage deals with_______.

A) an individual

B) a social and economic group

C) a political organization

D) government

2. A common middle class value is that________.

A) people should always have fun

B) children should be seen and not heard

C) debt is nothing to worry about

D) the family is very important

3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_______.

A) overburdened and in debt

B) hard working and suspicious

C) prosperous and optimistic

D) young and foolish

4. The phrase “In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_____.

A) an exception to the previous idea

B) a denial of the previous idea

C) a restatement of the previous idea

D) a contrasting idea

5. The word collectively means______.

A) as a group

B) hesitatingly

C) unknowingly

D) weakly

答案与题解：

1. B 本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。

2. D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。

3. C 本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。

4. C 本题的问题是：第一段中的"ln other words"这个短语与下列说法一致的是，"In other words"汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。

5. A 本题的问题是：单词"collectively"的汉语意思是“相同地”，选择A。

第十篇

A Letter from Alan

I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me，Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax - the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.

I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems. How will the people from the new houses travel to work? The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.

Therefore，these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.

The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. Shops and hotels will lose business. If the town really needs more homes，the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.

No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses. But，in my opinion，the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. As well as this，we will lose a very

special place and our town will be much less pleasant.

I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there. We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.

词汇:

facility /f?’sil?ti/ n. 场所，设施 protest /pr?u’test/ v. 抗议

motorway / ‘m?ut?wei / n. 高速公路

注释:

1. For me，Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can

relax—the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. 对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察 者的欢迎。

2. The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. 公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。

3. As well as this，we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.不但

如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。

练习:

1. Why has Alan written this letter?

A) To persuade the government to build new houses.

B) To protest about a new motorway near the town.

C) To encourage more people in the town to use Parson's Place.

D) To inform other people about the builders' plans.

2. Why is Parson's Place particularly important，in Alan's opinion?

A) Because it is near the football ground.

B) Because lots of people live near it.

C) Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.

D) Because local people can get there easily by car from the town.

3. What will cause traffic jams?

A) A building on Parson's Place.

B) Building near the railway station.

C) Tourists in the narrow streets.

D) People going to the shops and hotels.

4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon _____.

A) open new shops and hotels

B) choose to live near the station

C) be able to buy new homes

D) have less money

5. Which of these posters has Alan made?

A) SAVE OUR SPORTS GROUND

B) SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON' S PLACE

C) WE NEED HOMES NOT HOTELS

D) USE THE TRAIN NOT THE ROAD

答案与题解:

1. D 本题问的是:为什么Alan写这封信? A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思是让其他人了解建筑商的计划，因此 D是正确答案。

2. C 本题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息”。因此 C 是正确答案。

3. A 本题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的计划，那么“公 路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车”。因此选择 A。

4. D 本题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷"。因此选择 D。

5. B 本题问的是:以下哪个是Alan制作的海报? Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森 场上建造房屋的计划，因此选择 B，对帕森场上的房屋说不。

第十一篇

The Development of Ballet

Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.

Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry， and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones，court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement，they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.

It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France，himself a devoted dancer，founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.

Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid -1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company，the Ballets Russes，brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants，George Balanchine，went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.

词汇:

adjust / ?' d??st/v. 调整 eliminate /i'limineit/ v. 淘汰

pageant / 'p?d? ?nt / n. 盛会 influential / influ'en??l/adj. 有影响力的

注释:

1. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，and dance. 在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。

2. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. 直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。

3. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. 由此正式确定了 脚的5个基本位置，这 5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。

练习:

1. This passage deals mainly with _____.

A) famous names in ballet

B) French versus Russian ballet

C) the way ballet developed

D) why ballet is no longer popular

2. An important influence in early ballet was_____.

A) Balanchine

B) Marie Antoinette

C) Diaghilev

D) Louis XIV

3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet_____.

A) is a dying art

B) will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it

C) is only currently performed in Russia and the United States

D) is often performed by dancers with little training

4. The information in this passage is presented_____.

A) through the story of one dancer

B) by describing various positions and steps

C) by listing reasons why ballet has succeeded

D) in chronological order

5. The word pageants means_____.

A) dances

B) instructors

C) kings

D) elaborate shows

答案与题解:

1. C 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、D 选项都是文章的一部分，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此 C 是正确答案。

2. D 本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在 17 世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此 D 是正确答案。

3. B 本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A 、C、D 选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出 B 选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。

4. D 本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到 芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择 D，按照时间前后的顺序。

5. D 本题问的是:单词 pageant 的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是 D ，盛大的表演。

第十六篇

The Sahara

The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for "desert" or "steppe". At 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the United States，the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. lt spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130°F. The humidity sometimes gets into the teens. But it can also be as low as 2. 5 percent，the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year，while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years.

At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger. Here the sand dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of cIear water. Surprisingly，there are groves of date palms. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn，cassava，tea，peanuts，hot peppers，and orange，lime，and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass.

The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile，traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining salt，which is mined from watery basins，and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.

词汇:

Humidity /hju'mId ?t l/ n. 湿度 irrigate / ' lrlgelt/ v. 灌溉

stretch / stret?/ v. 伸展 camel /'k?m ?l/ n. 骆驼

date palms n. 椰枣树

注释:

1. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. 在干河床和洼地处可找到充足的地下水资源或者绿洲来支持灌溉农业。

2. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. 灌溉沟渠通过一条小溪到达水田中。

3. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass. 青草上放养着驴和山羊。

练习:

1. This passage is mostly about _______.

A) life in the Sahara

B) the deserts of Africa

C) Bilma

D) how camels travel in the desert

2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is_______.

A) less than five inches per year

B) less than ten inches per year

C) less than twenty inches per year

D) zero

3. The Sahara can be described as_______.

A) a place of contrasts

B) a place where no one Iives

C) an area where the winters are cold

D) an area that appeals to many tourists

4. The phrase "an area roughly the size of the United States" gives an indication of the size of_______.

A) northern Africa

B) Niger

C) the Sahara

D) all of Africa

5. In this passage caravan means _______.

A) traveling circus

B) group traveling together through difficult country

C) railroad train

D) a small，fast sailing ship

答案与题解:

1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么?根据文段，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理概 况，城镇的农业，以及城镇之间的日常来往。B 选项范围过宽。C 选项不全面，文章不止介绍了比尔马的情况。D 选项文中没有具体介绍。所以 A 是对的。

2. A 本题问的是:在撒哈拉的绝大多数地区，降雨情况如何?根据第一段的最后一句话，撒哈拉的绝大多数地区每年降雨量低于 5 英寸。所以 A 正确。

3. A 本题问的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么? A 的意思是，一个具有强烈对比的地方。B 的意思是杳无人烟的地方。C 的意思是冬天很冷的地区。D 的意思是吸引很多游客的地方。B，C，D 均不符合文意，因此 A 正确。

4. C 本题问的是:句子“大约和美国大小相当的地区”指明的是什么地方的大小?根据第一段的第二句话可知，本句的主语是撒哈拉沙漠。因此 C 正确。

5. B 本题问的是:文中“caravan”的意思是什么? A 的意思是旅行马戏团。C 是火车。D 是又小又快的帆船。根据文中的介绍，穿过沙漠的驼队由上百只骆驼组成，来到绿洲城镇收集 盐，因此 B 选项“一群人一起穿过条件恶劣的国家”是正确的。

第六部分（完形填空）

第一篇

A Life with Birds

　　For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, __1__ known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the __2__ of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "__3__ our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.

　　The Tower of London is famous __4__ its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was __5__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no __6__ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always __7__ of the fact that I am __8__ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to __9__ sure this doesn't happen!"

　　David_10_about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _11__ that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can _12__ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." __13__, David's wife Mo was not __14__ on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history __15__ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."

　　词汇：

　　marvellous /'mɑ:vil?s/a.奇妙的，不可思议的 fascinate / 'f?smeIt / v. 着迷，吸引

　　raven /'reiv?n/ n. 乌鸦，黑色的鸟 legend / 'led3;lnd / n. 传奇，传说

　　注释：

　　1. ...from our bedroom we have a marvellous view of ... :从我们的卧室看去，有一个奇妙的角度。。。

　　2. ... keen on the idea of life in the Tower..: 热衷于塔里的生活

　　练习：

　　1. A. more B. better C. sooner D. very

　　2. A. height B. summit C. peak D. top

　　3. A. Since B. Out C. From D. Through

　　4. A. for B. because C. of D. by

　　5. A. award B. applied C. presented D. offered

　　6. A. regret B. delay C. hesitation D. choice

　　7. A. aware B. knowing C. pleased D. delighted

　　8. A. holding B. maintaining C. surviving D. lasting

　　9. A. take B. make C. have D. keep

　　10. A. devotes B. spends C. passes D. provides

　　11. A. reason B. chance C. opportunity D. fact

　　12. A. hold B. have C. keep D. put

　　13. A. Firstly B. First of all C. At first D. First

　　14. A. interested B. keen C. fond D. happy

　　15. A. every B. all C. much D. so

　　答案与题解：

　　1. B 根据上下文，这里应选择比较级，所以排除D，再根据句意，为“更为人所熟知”，因而better是正确答案。

　　2. D 根据句意，词组搭配 at the top of ，表示在……顶部最为合适。Height 意为“高度“，summit 意为“最高点”，peak 意为“顶峰“，所以选 D。

　　3. C 根据句意，从卧室的角度看去，from 最为恰当。

　　4. A 固定搭配 be famous for 意为“以……而著名”，文中要表达的是伦敦塔以乌鸦而著名，因而 for 为正确答案。

　　5. D 根据句意，David 是被提供了这样一个职位，所以 offered 最为恰当award 表示“授予”，applied 表示“应用” ，presented 表示“给予，呈现“，均不符合句意。

　　6. C 根据上下文，很容易理解 David 是这么迷恋这种黑鸟，因而毫不犹豫地接受了这个职位，所以 hesitation 为正确答案。

　　7. A be aware of 表示“意识到”，有这样一命警觉。其他三项均不符合句意。

　　8. B 固定搭配 maintain a tradition ，保持一个传统，maintain 最为恰当。hold 表示“抓住”，survive 表示“存活，幸存”，last 表示“维持”。

　　9. B 固定搭配 make sure，意为“确保”，在文中表达的是“确保这种状况不会发生“，因而选 B。

　　10. A 根据句意，David 每天大约用四个小时来护理乌鸦，表达出对乌鸦的爱护之情，devote “献身于……，专用于……”最为恰当。spend 后需加动词 ing 形式。pass 表示“经过”， provide 表示“提供”，均不符合句意。

　　11. D 这是一个定语从句，根据句意，David 已经爱上了它们，而他正居住在它们旁边(这样一个事实)是理想的，所以 fact 是正确答案。

　　12. C keep an eye on 为固定搭配，意为“注意，关注”，所以选 C。

　　13. C 根据句意，作者要表达的意思是起初，David 的妻子 Mo 并不感兴趣，因为只有词组 at first 表示“起初，开始时”符合句意。

　　14. B be keen on 为固定搭配，表示“对……感兴趣，对……热衷”，interest 后面配介词 in ，fond后应配介词 of ，因此正确答案是 B。

　　15. B 根据句意，作者表达的感情非常强烈，过去的那些都环绕在身边，所以 all 为最佳答案。

第二篇             

A Lucky Break

　　Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's 1 sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he 2 the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. 3 the making of the film Harrelson 4 complaining that the fight 5 weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't 6 on the idea at first, but he was 7 persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his 8 was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas 9 hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to 10 a risk like that in the middle of a movie."

　　He was 11 of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always 12 of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take 13 acting; I saw it as 14 way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football 15 was, you might say, my first lucky break."

　　词汇:

　　middleweight / 'midlweit/ n. 中量级拳击手

　　convincing /k?n'vinsi?/ a.有说服力的，令人信服的

　　furious /'fju:ri?s/ a. 暴怒的，强烈的

　　macho / 'mɑ:t??u/ a. 雄壮的，男子气概的

　　confess / k?n'fes/ v. 承认，坦白

　　注释:

　　1. ... plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside ... :……与……并肩，扮演一个中量级拳击 手……

　　2. ... was reminded of the time ... :......想起……的时候……

　　练习:

　　1. A) practising B) making C) doing D) losing

　　2. A) plays B) does C) gives D) fights

　　3. A) When B) As C) While D) During

　　4. A) kept B) continued C) carried D) insisted

　　5. A) actions B) matches C) scenes D) stages

　　6. A) interested B) keen C) enthusiastic D) happy

　　7. A) lastly B) eventually C) at the end D) after

　　8. A) competitor B) contender C) opponent D) participant

　　9. A) very B) more C) such D) so

　　10. A) take B) make C) have D) get

　　11. A) remembered B) reminded C) recorded D) replayed

　　12. A) hoped B) pretended C) dreamed D) looked forward

　　13. A) up B) on C) to D) over

　　14. A) further B) additional C) different D) another

　　15. A) match B) pitch C) court D) course

　　答案与题解:

　　1. C 根据句意，每次骨折似乎总是发生在做运动时，应当选用动词 do 0 practise 表示“练习”， 后面应跟某一项具体的训练，而不是 sport，所以正确答案为 C。

　　2. A play the part of ...为固定搭配，意为“扮演一个......的角色”，其他三项均不合适。

　　3. D 联系上下文，根据句意，在影片制作过程中，所以应当用 during。

　　4. A 根据句意，Harrelson 在影片制作过程中不断地抱怨，而且后面的动词complain 用的是ing 形式，因此动词 keep“连续，不断”最为恰当。continue 后加动词 ing 形式一般表示在停顿后重新开始、继续，carry 一般后面跟介词on ，表示“进行某项事务”，insist 表示“坚决主张”，不合句意，所以选 A。

　　5. C 联系上下文，因为是影片中的打斗场景，所以这里 scene 是正确答案。

　　6. B be keen on 为固定搭配，表示“对……感兴趣，对......热衷”，interest 后面配介词 in ，enthusiastic 后面配介词 of。

　　7. B 联系上下文，作者要表达的是最终他还是被他的搭档说服了，副词eventually 放在动词 persuade 之前，lastly 表示“最后一点，最后”，“at the end”一般放在段落的最后，表示最后怎么样。

　　8. C 根据句意，"当他意识到……是全心全意投人进来时，他开始后悔自己要打斗的决定"，显然是对手非常认真的对待这场打斗，所以 opponent 是正确答案。

　　9. D so... that ...固定搭配，太……以至于，根据句意，“Harrelson 如此狠地打在 Banderas 的脸上，以至于居然打破了 Banderas 的鼻子”，其他选项都不适合。

　　10. A 固定搭配 take a risk ，表示“冒险”。

　　11. B 联系上下文，根据句意，"他记起在他的故乡马拉加进行的一场足球比赛"，是因为鼻子骨折这件事促使他想起了故乡的那次比赛，remind 表示“提醒”，符合句意。remember 表示“自然想起，记起”不合句意。

　　12. C 根据句意和后面的介词of ，显然，“他一直梦想成为一个足球明星”，dream 是正确答案。 pretend 表示“假装”，后面眼介词 to，不合句意;look forward 表示叫“向往”，后面跟介词1 0 ，不合句意。

　　13. A 固定搭配 take up sth. ，表示“开始从事某事”，根据句意，作者要表达的是“我决定开始演戏”，因此 up 是正确答案。

　　14. D 联系上下文，作者显然把它看成是另外一种比赛，所以只有 another 符合句意。

　　15. B 词组 football pitch，表示"足球场"。前面由介词 on 引导，后面一定是场地，也就是足球场，而不是 match“比赛”。court 表示“网球场”，course 表示“跑道”，均不符合句意。

第三篇

Global Warming

　　Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (1) the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (2) the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than (3) before, the Earth is at (4) from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (5) to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, (6) as hurricanes and droughts, even more (7) and causing sea levels all around the world to (8) .

　　Environmental groups are putting (9) on governments to take action to reduce the (10) of carbon dioxide which is given (11) by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (12) of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (13) .

　　Some scientists, (14) believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (15) hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.

　　词汇:

　　climate /'klaimit/ n. 气候,风气

　　hurricane n. 飓风,暴风­

　　drought n. 干旱,旱灾

　　carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳

　　solar 太阳的 n.

　　atmosphere 大气

　　注释:

　　1. put the blame for ... :把……归咎于……

　　2. ... in favour of more money being spent on ... :……赞成把钱花在……

　　练习:

　　l. A) give B) put C) take D) have

　　2. A) in B) at C) by D) to

　　3. A) yet B) never C) once D) ever

　　4. A) threat B) danger C) risk D) harm

　　5. A) Concerning B) Regarding C) Depending D) According

　　6. A) such B) just C) even D) well

　　7. A) strict B) severe C) strong D) heavy

　　8. A) raise B) arise C) rise D) lift

　　9. A) force B) pressure C) persuasion D) encouragement

　　10.A) amount B) deal C) number D) count

　　11.A) off B) away C) up D) over

　　12.A) belief B) request C) favour D) suggestion

　　í3.A) factories B) generations C) houses D) stations

　　14.A) but B) although C) despite D) however

　　15.A) several B) over C) numerous D) various

　　答案与题解:

　　1. B 固定搭配 put the blame for ... ，表示“把……归咎于……”，所以 put 为正确答案。

　　2. A 介词搭配，文中“the world's temperatures”前需要补充一个介词，表达在全球范围内气温的上升，因此应该在 A 和 B 之间选择。而 at 后面只可以眼某个小地点，根据文意，只有 in 才是正确答案。

　　3. D 联系上下文，根据句意，显然作者要表达的是“以往任何时候”，因此选用 ever。其他三项均不符合句意。

　　4. C 固定搭配 at risk ，表达“濒临危险，处境危险”。

　　5. D 习惯用法 according to sb. 表示“据某某所说”，显然选择 D。

　　6. A 根据句意，作者要举例子，习惯用法即为 such as ... ，因此选 A。

　　7. B 根据句意，作者举例子是按照递进的顺序，从飓风、干早到排在后面的是更加严重的问题。strict 表示“严格的”，strong 表示“强烈的”，heavy 表示“沉重的，巨大的”，只有 severe 表示“严峻的，严重的”，因此 B 是正确答案。

　　8. C 根据句意，导致世界各地的海平面上升，所以在 A 和 C 之间选择。raise 表示"举起，抬起，唤起"，有主动意味，rise 表示客观的上升，因此是正确答案。

　　9. B 联系上下文，根据句意，根据选项，很容易理解是给政府施加压力，显然 pressure 最为恰当。

　　10. A 根据句意，减少二氧化碳的排放量，二氧化碳是不可数名词，因此 amount 是正确答案。

　　ll. A 固定搭配，give off 表示"排放(气体、液体、光)等"，文中表达的是排放二氧化碳气体，显然选 A。而 give away 表示“泄露，分发” ，give up 表示"放弃" ，give over 表示“停止，交出”。

　　12. C 固定搭配 in favour of ... ，表示“支持……，赞成……”，所以选 C。

　　13. D 根据句意，作者表达的是"发电站"，为固定词组 power station。

　　14. D 联系上下文，上文说的是很多科学家的想法，下文转而言另外还有一些科学家的想法，有转折之意，且空格在两句未完的话之间，因此惯用法选择 however。

　　15. A 根据句意，还需要等几百年，several 表示"几个"，符合句意。其他三个选项均不合适。

第四篇               

A Success Story

　　At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have

　　(1) Their fortune through the Internet. (2) makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was (3) by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write (4) . "I wanted to prove them (5) ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.

　　When he was eight, his local authorities (6) him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was (7) to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and (8) by his father, he soon began (9) people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he (10) up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to (11) all his time to business.

　　"By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a (12) of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start (13) business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently (14) difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal (15) $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.

　　词汇:

　　remarkable / ri'mɑ:k?bl / a.卓越的，值得注意的

　　dyslexic /dis'leksik / a.诵读困难的 n.诵读困难者

　　authority /?:'θ?r?ti / n.权威，权力，当权

　　consultancy / k?n's?lt?nsi / n.凡咨询公司，顾问工作

　　overcome / ,?uv?'k?m / v. 克服，胜过

　　entrepreneur / ,?ntr?pr?'n?:/ n. 企业家，主办者

　　investment / in'vestm?nt/ n. 投资，投入

　　注释:

　　1. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable ... : 使得 Ben 的故事更引人注意的是…...

　　2. It was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges ... : 正是他持续不断地克服困难 挑战的能力…

　　练习:

　　1. A) taken B) made C) put D) done

　　2. A) This B) That C) Something D) What

　　3. A) said B) told C) suggested D) reported

　　4. A) absolutely B) totally C) properly D) thoroughly

　　5. A) wrong B) false C) untrue D) unfair

　　6. A) provided B) gave C) offered D) got

　　7. A) impossible B) incapable C) disabled D) unable

　　8. A) promised B) invited C) encouraged D) animated

　　9. A) owing B) charging C) lending D) borrowing

　　10. A) put B) ran C) made D) set

　　11. A) pay B) spend C) devote D) invest

　　12. A) couple B) few C) little D) deal

　　13. A) having B) doing C) making D) bringing

　　14. A) overcome B) overlook C) overtake D) overdo

　　15. A) valuable B) estimated C) priced D) worth

　　答案与题解:

　　1. B 固定搭配make fortune，意为“制造财富，发财”，因此选 B。其他三项均不合适。

　　2. D 这里应该是一个由 what 引导的从句为主语的句子，表示“使得 Ben 的故事更引人注意的 是……”，其他三项均无法引导该从句。

　　3. B 根据句意，是 Ben 被告知，因此选项 told 为E确答案。said 意为“被说”，suggested 意为“被建议”，reported 意为“被报道”，均不合句意。

　　4. C 联系上下文，了解到本句表达的是 Ben 曾被他的初中教师告知他将永远不能正确读写，而不是完全无法读写，因此 properly 才符合句意。absolutely 表示“完全地，绝对地”，totally 表示“完全地”，thoroughly 表示“彻底地，完全地”，均不合句意。

　　5. A 根据句意，很容易了解 Ben 是要证明他们对他的判断错了，而不是说他们的判断是假的、不真实的，或者不公平的，所以 wrong 是正确答案。

　　6. A 根据动词前的主语 local authorities 和后面的介词 with 可以知道他是被提供了一台个人电脑，所以选项 provide 为正确答案。如用 give 则不需跟介词 with，如用 offer 则需跟 to，如用 get 则需前面的主语是 Ben。

　　7. D 根据句意，易知文中耍表达的是"虽然他不能阅读使用指南"，因此 unable 为正确答案。impossible 表示“不可能的”，incapable 表示“元能力的”，-般形容不能胜任的; disabled 表示“有残缺的”。

　　8. C 根据句意，易知文中要表达的是在爸爸的鼓励下。若用 promised 则表示在爸爸的承诺 下，il1-vited 则是在爸爸的邀请下，animated 表示"有生气的"，均不符合句意，因此 encouraged 为正确答案。

　　9. B 根据句意，“Ben 很快就开始以自己的知识和能力收费一二每小时10英镑"，只有 charge符合句意。

　　10. D 联系上下文，根据句意，Ben 创建了自己的公司一-Quad Computer，固定搭配 set up 表示“创建”，其他三项均不合适，所以选 D。

　　11. C 根据句意，Ben 把所有的精力投入到公司经营当中，根据后面的介词 to。可知，只有devote 是正确答案。

　　12. A 词组搭配 a couple of 表示“一些”，few 一般形容只需少量的几个，little 形容不可数名词，文中要表达的是公司已经发展壮大，Ben 需要雇用一些员工，因此只有 couple 符合句意。

　　13. B 根据句意，Ben 开始与更大的公司做生意，固定搭配 do business with ...符合句意。其他三项均不合适。

　　14. A 固定搭配 overcome challenge，表示“克服困难，克服挑战”，因此选 A。overlook 表示“不注意，忽视”，overtake 表示“赶上”，overtake 表示“把……做得过分”。

　　15. D 根据句意，"“价值2500万英镑的交易”，显然 worth 是正确答案。valuable 表示“珍贵的，值钱的”，estimated 表示“估计，预算”，priced 表示“给……定价，附有定价的”。

第五篇  

Traffic in Our Cities

　　The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (1) accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to (2) people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.

　　One possible (3) is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by (4) charges for parking and (5) tougher fines for anyone who (6) the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (7) as "road pricing", is already being introduced in a (8) of cities, using a special electronic card (9) to the windscreen of the car.

　　Another way of (10) with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (11) of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the (12) stage of their journey.

　　Of course, the most important (13) is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to (14) the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (15) at an acceptable level.

　　词汇:

　　lengthy /'le?θi/ a. 漫长的，冗长的

　　persuade / p?'sweid / V. 说服，劝服

　　approach / ?'pr?ut? / n.方法，途径

　　windscreen /'windskri:n/ n. 汽车挡风玻璃

　　outskirt / 'autsk?:t / n. 郊区，市郊

　　reliable / ri'lai?bl / a. 可靠的，可信赖的

　　注释:

　　1. ... strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre:… 严格控制进入城市中心的 车辆数量

　　2. ... public transport must be felt to be...: ……公共交通必须要让人感觉到……

　　练习:

　　1. A) of B) for C) about D)by

　　2. A) make B) arrange C) suggest D)persuade

　　3. A) approach B) manner C) custom D)style

　　4. A) enlarging B) increasing C) growing D)developing

　　5. A) carrying down B) putting off C) bringing in D)taking away

　　6. A) crosses B) refuses C) breaks D)cracks

　　7. A) named B) seen C) ca lled D)known

　　8. A) quantity B) number C) total D)sum

　　9. A) fixed B) joined C) built D)placed

　　10. A) doing B) handling C) dealing D)solving

　　11 . A) outskirts B) border C) outside D)limit

　　12. A) late B) end C) complete D)final

　　13. A) thought B) thing C) work D)event

　　14. A) pass on B) throw away C) give up D)leave out

　　15. A) taken B) kept C) given D)stood

　　答案与题解:

　　1. A 固定搭配 the risk of ，表示“……的风险”，所以 of 为正确答案。 其他三项均不合适。

　　2. D根据句意和动词后的介词 to ，排除选项 A 和 C，而 arrange 表示“安排，整理”，意思与作 者要表达的“说服人们改变他们的生活习惯”不符，所以 persuade 为正确答案。

　　3. A 联系上下文，可知这里提出的是一个解决问题的方法，approach 表示"方法，途径"，符合句意，为正确答案。manner 表示“方式，风俗”，custom 表示“制定的，风俗”，style 表示“风

　　格，样式”，均不符合句意。

　　4. B 根据句意，这里是说要“增加停车收费”，increase 表示“增加”，符合句意，为正确答案。 enlarge 表示“扩大，增大”，grow 表示“发展”，develop 表示“发展，开发，生长”，均不符合句意。

　　5. C 根据句意，对那些违章的人的要加强收款，bringin 表示“作为……的收益”，为正确答案。 carry down 表示“搬下，结账，把……传下来”，put off 表示“推迟，脱掉”，take away 表示“带 走，取走”，均不符合句意。

　　6. C根据句意，违规的人将会被加大惩罚方度，break 表示“打破”符合句意。cross 表示“交 叉”，refuse 表示“拒绝”， crack 表示“破裂”，均不符合题意。

　　7. D 固定搭配 known as ... ，表示“以……为(人们)所熟知”。

　　8. B根据句意，“道路收费”的系统已经被一些城市所引用，a number of 表示“一些”，符合句 意，为正确答案。quantity 表示“大量”，total 表示“总数”，sum 表示“合计，总数”，均不符合句意。

　　9. A fixed to ...表示“固定在……上”，文中是说“固定在汽车的挡风玻璃上”，所以选 A。其他三项都不符合句意。

　　10. C 根据句意，要求表达另一种处理这个问题的方法，deal with problem 表示“处理问题”， 为正确答案。.

　　11. A 联系上下文，作者后边提到“城市中心”，再根据句意，可得出前面说“郊区”，只有

　　outskirt 是正确答案。

　　12. D final 表示“最后的”，根据句子可知这里表示旅程的最后一段，为正确答案。late 表示“晚的，最近的”，不符合句意; end 不可用在名词前作修饰；complete 表示“完整的”，也不符合句意。

　　13. B“the most important thing”为惯用语，表示“最重要的事是……”，根据句意，作者要表达

　　的是“最重要的事情还是提供良好的公共交通”，因此 thing 为正确答案，其他三项均不合适。

　　14. C pass on 表“传递，继续”，throw away 表示“扔掉，丢弃”，leave out 表示“遗漏，省去”，give up 表示“放弃”。根据句意，舍弃汽车的舒适，give up 最为恰当，所以选 C。

　　15. B 固定搭配 keep at an acceptable level 表示保持在一个可接受的水平。其他三项均不正确。

第六篇

Teaching and learning

　　Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1)________in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) _______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) _______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned(4) _______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is(5) _______ for learning the material assigned. When research is(6) _______ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(7) _______ guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain(8) _______ a university library works; they expect students(9) _______ graduate students to exhaust the reference(10) _______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but(11) _______ that their students should not be (12) _______ dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties (13) _______ teaching， such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) _______ . If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15) _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

　　词汇:

　　assignment / ?'sainm?nt/n. 任务，作业 administrative / ?d'ministr?tiv / adj. 管理的， 行政的

　　motivate /'m?uti,veit/ V. 剌激，激发……的积极性 appointment / ?'p?intm?n / n. 约定，约会

　　exhaust / ig'z?:st / V. 耗尽，使筋疲力尽;彻底 讨论

　　注释:

　　1. ...lie with ... :……是……的责任

　　2. ... for the sake of learning ... :……为了学习……

　　3. ... approach a professor during office hours ... :……在办公时间见老师……

　　练习:

　　1. A) suggestion B) context C) abstract D) information

　　2. A) poor B) ideal C) average D) disappointed

　　3. A) fun B) work C) learning D) prize

　　4. A) by B) in C) for D) with

　　5. A) criticized B) innocent C) responsible D) dismissed

　　6. A) collected B) distributed C) assigned D) finished

　　7. A) maximum B) minimum C)possible D) practical

　　8 A) when B) what C)why D) how

　　9. A) particularly B) essentially C) obviously D) rarely

　　10. A) selections B) collections C) sources D) origins

　　11. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer

　　12. A) too B) such C)much D) more

　　13. A) but B) except C) with D) besides

　　14. A) plentiful B) limited C) irregu1ar D) flexible

　　15. A) greet B) annoy C) approach D) attach

　　答案与题解:

　　1. D 综合第一句的大意，只有 D 选项"信息"填在这里恰当，A 选项的意思是"提议，暗示" ，B"语境，上下文" ，C"摘要"。

　　2. B 此句大意为"理想的学生是为了学习而学习"，只有 ideal最符合要求，故选 B。

　　3. C 本文讲的是与学生学习相关的内容，A，B，D 均不合文意及句意，故排除。

　　4. D 此处要区分几个介词的含义，be returned with 一般有"带着……回来"之意，此句意为 "有时，被发回来的作业上只有简短的评价，并无分数"。be returned by 意为"被……带回来"，而 for ，in 于此搭配不当，答案选 D。

　　5. C be responsible for 是固定搭配，表示"对……负责任"。其他选项放在此处都不合上下文含意。

　　6. C 此句意思是"当一项研究课题被选定时，教授们期望学生积极去做"。A 和 D 不合题意，

　　最大的干扰项 B 意思为"分配，分布"，一般指一个整体被分散给许多个体，与之相比，C 选项更为合适。

　　7. B 老师肯定希望学生能够在尽可能少的指导下完成研究。只有 B 选项意为"最小的"，为正确答案。

　　8. D 首先排除 B 选项，因为此处需要一个关系副词充当宾语从句的状语，而 what 是关系代

　　词，之后要看整句的意思，教授们没有时间去给学生解释一个大学图书馆是怎样运作的。A

　　和 C 虽然符合语法要求，但放此处意思不通，故选 D。

　　9. A A 选项意为"尤其" ，B"本质上" ，C"明显地"，D"很少地，难得"。此处强调毕业生，A 选项较为合适。

　　10. C 此句意为"教授们期望学生，尤其是研究生阅尽图书馆中的文献资源 "。 A 意为"选集"，B 为"集合"，两者一般都指文学作品的"集合"，而此处是学术界的文献。C 与 D 选项都有"来源，源头"的意思，但 D 选项侧重于"起源，开端"，C 更侧重于"原始资料"，为正确答案。

　　11. D 根据下文意思，A和B 选项可直接排除，教授们肯定是喜欢学生不依赖他们，不是不喜欢。D 选项的含义比 C 选项更递进了一步，符合题意，故选D。

　　12. A dependent 是形容词，前面不能与 such ，much 搭配，D 选项 more 放在此处构成比较级，但前文并无原级与之相比较，因此只剩下 A 为答案，此句意为"教授们愿意帮助那些需要帮助的学生，但更希望学生不要太过依赖他们"。

　　13. D 此题重点在于区分三个有"除……之外"含义的介词。A 选项一般翻译成"而不是，并不是" ，B 选项意为"除去……之外"，D 选项意为"除去……之外还……"，此句意思为"美国的教授除了教书之外还有许多其他的职责"，故 D 为答案。

　　14. B 根据上文含义，一个教授能花在学生身上的时间一定是有限的，A，C，D 不合题意，直接排除，B 选项为正确答案。

　　15. C 此题还是承接上文含义，正因为教授时间有限，因此学生若想与之沟通，定要等教授在学校的时候，或是提前约好。C 选项意为"接近，靠近"，为正确答案，其他选项意思与文意不符，A 为"问候" ，B 为"使……厌恶"，D 为"依附，伴随，添加"。