经典告白台词短小:There be 结构分析

There be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法There be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。例如： Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon．（CET-4，1998．6-43）A）there to be a chanceB）there being a chanceC）there be a chanceD）being a chance 该题的答案为B）。动词 dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being a chance意为"有一个机会"；A）和C）两项均不符合句子结构的要求，所以不是答案选项，而D）项 being a chance 虽然是 V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能雪又如： No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day．（CET-4，2001．1-66）A）there beB）there would be C）there wasD）there being该题的答案为D）。介词 about 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being（a lecture）意为"有（一个讲座）"，而A）、B）和C）项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪再如：It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．（CET-4，1995．1）该句子中出现了for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只能够用 for there to be，而不能用 there being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将 there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下，供读者参考。一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。 例如： There must be something wrong here．There might still be some vacant seats in the rear．There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking．二、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem（to be）， occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如： ]There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for．There happened to be nobody in the room．There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team ．There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are．There have occurred many great changes since we met last．三、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示"静止、存在、有"。例如：There lives a family of five in the village．There remains nothing more to be done．There stands the Monument to the People’s Heroes at the center of the Tian’anmen Square．There exist different opinions on this question．四、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示"突然出现"。例如：There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet．There came a company of actors and actresses．There followed a spirited discussion after class．五、there be句型中be用不定式，形成"（for）there to be ＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"（for）there to be ＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。1．"there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作宾语。例如：The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams． "there to be ＋宾格词"结构在句中作动词expect的宾语，句中的宾格词m ore review- ing classes作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是there后的不定式只能用"to be"的形式，因为这种不定式结构是从"there be"结构转化而来的。又如：People don’t want there to be anotherwar．Members like there to be plenty of choice．Perhaps transportation and the means of comm unication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities．It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound． "there to be ＋宾格词"结构在句中作介词for的宾语，句中的宾格词an ensemble of expert musicians 作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语。2．"for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作状语。例如：It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim ’s car out quite safely．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作结果状语）特别应该注意的是，"for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作状语时必须用介词 for引出 there be 后面的宾格词。又如：For there to be successful communication， there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussing itself by all present．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作目的状语）They planned for there to be another meeting．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作目的状语）3．"there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作主语。例如：It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company． 特别应该注意的是， "for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作主语时必须用介词for引出 there be后面的宾格词。又如：It is impossible for there to be any more apples．For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual．六、there be句型中be用V －ing分词，形成"（of）there being ＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"（of）there be- ing ＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。1．"there being ＋宾格词"在句中作宾语。例如：Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talent’s meeting？（"there being ＋宾格词"作宾语） "there being ＋宾格词"结构在句中作介词of的宾语，句中的宾格词so m any work u- nits作"there being"V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如：No one had told him anything about there being a beautiful story about the lake． John was relying on there being another opportunity．2．"there being ＋宾格词"在句中作状语。例如：There being no cause for alarm ，she went back to her bedroom．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语） "there being ＋宾格词"结构在句中作状语，句中的宾格词no cause作"there being" V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如：There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director，the department asked him to resign．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语）There being nothing to be done，they have to go back home．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语）There being no further business，the chairm an closed the meeting．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语）3．"there being ＋宾格词"在句中作主 语。例如：There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage． "there being ＋宾格词"结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词a bus stop作"there being" V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。七、there be 句型中 be 用 be ＋V-ed 分词，形成"there be ＋V-ed分词＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"there be ＋V-ed 分词＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。例如：There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboard．There are now published millions of books every year in China．There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai．八、"there be no ＋主语名词"的习惯用法。1．V-ing分词在"there be no"结构中作主语，表示"不可能"、"无法"。例如：There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing country．There is no joking about such matters．There is no telling what will happen to him next．2．there is no point ＋V-ing分词，表示"没有必要"，"无用"，"没有意义"，"没有用处"。例如：We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club，but thereis no point worrying about it．3．there is no use ＋V-ing分词，表示"无用"，"没有意义"，"没有用处"。例如：There is no use advising him to give up smoking．4．there is no good ＋V-ing分词，表示"无用"，"没有意义"，"没有用处"，"没有益处"。例如：There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool．九、在由"there be ＋主语名词"引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。1．在由"there be ＋主语名词"引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例如：There is no time to lose ／to be lost．There are still many things to take care of ／to be taken care of． 在口语中多用主动形式。但是有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较：There is nothing to do now．（We have nothing to do now．）There is nothing to be done now．（We can do nothing now．）There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing）．There is nothing to be seen（nothing there at all）．2．在由"there be ＋主语名词"引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的分词或分词短语在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如：There were 200children studying（＝who were studying）m usic，dancing，or dram atics．Is there anything planned（＝that has been planned）for tonight？