王者之啸属性:高考英语复习:动词时态考点追踪

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热点1---- 现在完成时。考查重点:现在完成时常用来表示:1)过去发生的事情对现在所造成的影响;2)发生在过去并持续到目前为止的情况。

热点2---- 过去进行时。考查重点:1)过去某个时间正在进行的动作; 2)过去某一段时间一直在进行的动作; 3)表示刚刚过去的片刻或瞬间发生的动作; 4)表示动作还没有结束。

热点3---- 现在进行时。考查重点: 1)表示目前这一阶段正在进行的动作,但说话时并不一定正在进行; 2)说话时正在发生或进行的一个动作; 3)现在进行时可表示一个没有结束的动作。

热点4---- 一般现在时。测试重点:
 一般现在时表示经常性的动作和状态。在状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

热点5--- 一般过去时。测试重点:测试主句和从句之间的时态呼应。在测试一般过去时的同时,命题者常在同一道题中设置两个空格,同时考查同一般过去时相关的过去完成时、过去进行时和过去将来时,注重测试时态一致这一项目。英语中,主句和从句的谓语在时态方面要保持一致。这里所说的一致并不是说主句和从句的谓语动词要使用相同的时态,而是说主句的谓语动词是过去时态,则从句的时态也要相应地使用过去的相关时态,从而使主句和从句的谓语动词在时态方面能够协调一致,前后呼应,对于这类试题,考生在答题时,一定要注意比较所给的两个动作,弄清各自发生的时间和先后顺序,并根据此确定各个空格的正确时态。

从这些考题中我们还可以看出如下一些规律:

1。高考试题在测试时态的试题较少使用明确的时间状语,而是注意利用题干所设置的语境,让考生从上下文的意思或说话者的语气来揣摩动作发生的时间,让考生从试题所提供的语境中,确定时态的使用。

2。在连续的若干年内,高考试题回测试相同的时态,但命题的角度会有所不同。

3。较多地使用对话式的形式命题。这样便于设置一定的语境,以考查学生的运用能力。

4。在测试时态的时候,同时测试动词的语法。根据这些特点,我们在复习时,一定要注意掌握各种时态的构成、用法,特别应注意时态的表意功能。在答题时,注意挖掘题干所提供的隐含条件,把握动作发生的确切时间。只有这样才能正确地用好时态。

高考英语复习:动词时态考点追踪
近几年高考题侧重对动词各种用法的考查,其中又以考查动词时态为重中之重。

一、对一般现在时的考查
1)考查其基本概念:一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年,对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对同学们进行干扰。如:

1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ________ the Pacific, and we met no storm. (2005年辽宁卷)

A. was called  B. is called  C. had been called  D. has been called

2. Although he has lived with us for years, he ___ us much impression.

A. hadn’t left  B. didn’t leave  C. doesn’t leave  D. hasn’t left

2)考查一般现在时的替代用法:在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句,在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:

3. — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?

— We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. (2005年全国卷)

A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

二、对一般过去时的考查

一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态,它常与表过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中,这是高考的命题方向。如:

4. More than a dozen students in that school ___ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent

三、对现在进行时的考查

现在进行时由“be+现在分词,被动结构为“am\is\are+being+过去分词构成。如:

5. — What’s the terrible noise?— The neighbours ____ for a party.

A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare

表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词have, hear, see, like, contain, belong to, have on, understand, know 等一般不用进行时。

进行时与always, often, forever, constantly等连用,表示一种感情(如赞扬、厌烦等)。

现在进行时与一般现在时的区别是:前者表示动作的暂时性而后者表示动作的长期性。

四、对过去进行时的考查

1)把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去,动作时间长的用过去进行时,表达谈话背景;动作时间短的用一般过去时,表达新的信息。

6. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.

—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004年福建卷)

A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited

2)把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。

7. —Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. (2004年全国卷)

A. did B. has done  C. was doing D. had done

3)考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。

8. Shirely ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing

五、对现在完成时的考查

1)现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成,而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。

9. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005年湖北卷)

A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide

10. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005年重庆卷)

A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused

2)现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并有可能继续下去,常与forsince 等短语连用。如:

11. —The window is dirty.

— I know. It ________ for weeks. (2004年全国卷)

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

注:由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与forsince引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与forsince短语连用。如:I haven’t met him for two years.

3)考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别:一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等,与现在不发生联系,且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语;而现在完成时只说明现在的情况,对现在有影响。如:

12. —Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put   B. have you put; put

C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put

六、对现在完成进行时的考查

现在完成进行时是由“have / has been+现在分词”构成,表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作,一直延续到现在,并且还可能继续下去。它与现完成时的区别如下

1)现在完成时强调的是完成的动作,而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作刚停止或仍在继续。如:

I have written an article. (已完成)

I have been writing an article. (还在写)

2)有些延续性动词,如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。如:

I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.

另外注意的是:表短暂动作的动词(finish, marry, get up, come, go等)一般不能用现在完成进行时。

13. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004年北京卷)

A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider

七、对过去完成时态的考查

过去完成时,经常以“过去”为背景,要想表达比这一背景更早的动作,常用此时态。如:

14. — George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? (2004年湖北卷)

A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite

过去完成时的常见考点有

1)把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。如:

15. When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain. (2005年湖北卷)

A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden

C. had started; was hiding    D. was starting; hid

2) 把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里考查。如:

16. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. (03年上海春)

A. would be completed B. was being completed

C. hasn’t been completed D. had been completed

3)把过去完成时放在scarcely(hardly…when…no sooner…than结构中考查。

17. He____ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.

A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got

4)把过去完成时放在主句是过去式的宾语从句中考查。如:

18. —Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.

—Oh! I thought they ___ without me. (2005年江西卷)

A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone

5)表愿望的动词think, hope, want, mean 等动词用过去完成时,表示过去未曾实现的打算或意图。如:

19. Tom ____ of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.         

A. has thought  B. thought C. had thought D. had been thought

6)把过去完成时放在某些固定句式中考查。如:“It was + 时间段 + since引导的从句“It was the first time + 从句.

20. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I____ a good drink.

A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoyed

 

 

八、对将来时态的考查

一般将来时的谓语动词形式有be going to+动词原形;will / shall+ 动词原形; be to + 动词原形所在的句中一般有时间状语;但be about to do不可与段时间状语连用。

常见考点如下

1)把将来时放在祈使句中考查。由于祈使句具有假设条件意义,后一分句在这一条件下要产生的结果,所以要用将来时。如:

21. Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions. (2004年全国卷)

A. will never reach B. have never reached  C. never reach D. never reached

2)某些移动性动词或趋向动词如leave, start, go ,arrive, come, stayfinish等用进行时可表示将来意义。如:

22. —Are you still busy?    —Yes, I ____ my work, and it won’t take long.

A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish

3)考查“be going to+动词原形“will + 动词原形的区别:前者表示已经决定或安排要做的事,而后者表示临时决定去做某事如:

23. — Did you tell Julia about the result?    —Oh, no, I forgot. I ______ her now.

A. will be calling B. will call C. am going to call D. am to call

4)考查“be going to+动词原形可表示有某迹象表明必然或很可能发生的事情。

24. Look at these clouds.   ______.

A. It’ll rain B. It’s going to rain C. It’ll be raining D. It is to rain

5)考查将来进行时的用法,表示将来一段具体时间内正在进行的动作。

25. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (2003年北京卷)

A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly

6)考查将来完成时的用法,指将来某一时刻已完成的动作,用于将来完成时的时间状语如下

by the time+从句;by the end of + 将来时间的名词;by+将来时间名词等。

26. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting.

A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left

动词的时态与语态考点   题型解密

  进行时态特别是过去进行时态是近几年命题的热点。单纯考查过去时态的题目不多。但与过去进行时态及完成时态一起考查的题目相当多。完成时态是动词时态中命题的又一热点,近几年又加强了对完成进行时态的考查。完成时态的几种特定句型是命题人的观注点之一。在复习时态时应注意如下几点:

   

·正确理解题目所提供的语境,选适合该语境的最佳时态。

    ·区分“瞬时动词”与“延续性动词”是用好完成时态的关键。

    ·要注意某些常用副词在不同时态中的不同含义。如just一词。

    ·注意某些固定的表达方法,也有助于对不同时态的选择。

    ·动词的时态常常结合句子结构进行考查。

 

高考对被动语态的考查热点主要是及物动词在被动语态中的使用。被动语态与主动语态一样,也有多种时态。被动语态的完成时态和进行时态中,考生往往漏掉been或being。因此被动语态的各种常用时态的构成,仍是高考命题的热点之一。时态与语态连用也是高考题的一个考点。一个题目同时交叉考查几个语法知识点是近几年高考的一个趋势。