布袋除尘weiment:初中英语阅读300篇基础卷p56-p80

P56（1）

American schools begin in September after a long summer: There are two terms in a school year. The first term is from September to January, and the second is from February to June. Most American children begin to go to school then they finish high school.

High school students take only 4 or 5 subjects each term. They usually go to the same classes, and they have homework for every class. After class they do many interesting things.

After high school, many students go to college. They can go to a small one or a large one. They usually have to pay a lot of money. So many college students work after class to get money for their studies.

长夏过后美国学校在9月开学：每一学年有两个学期。第一学期是从9月至来年1月，第二学期是从2月到6月。大多数美国儿童从小上学，直至他们完成高中学业。

每学期高中学生只需要学4或5种科目。他们通常一起上大课，也有每课的功课。下了课他们参加多种兴趣活动。

高中毕业后，很多学生进入大学。他们可以上小型学院或者大型学院。他们通常要支付很多学费。因此，许多大学生课余勤工俭学。

P56（2）

When you are reading something in English. You may often meet a new word. What’s the best the best way to know it?

You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you something about the word: the pronunciation, the part of speech, the Chinese meaning and also how to use this word. But how can you know where the word is in thousands of English words? How to find it in a dictionary quickly?

First, all the English words are in the alphabetical order. In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with the letter A then B, C, D, E… That means, if there are two words “do” and “put”, “do” will be certainly before “put”, Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the forth… for example, “pat” is before “picture”, “bald” before “balloon.”

Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary?

The dictionary will be your good friend, I hope you’ll use it as often as possible in your English learning.

当你在看英文读物时。你可能会经常碰到生词。认生词的最佳方法是什么呢？

你可以查英汉词典。词典会告诉你这个词的内容：语音，一部分引语，中文意义，以及如何使用这个词。但是你如何在成千上万的英语单词中查找这个词呢？如何快速在词典中找到它呢？

首先，所有的英文单词按字母顺序排列。在词典中，您可以先看到以字母A开头的单词，然后是B, C, D, E...这意味着，如果有两个单词“do”和“put”，“do”将肯定在“put”之前，如果有两个单词都以相同的字母开头，你可以看第二个字母。依此类推，看第三个，

看第四个......例如，“pat”在“picture”之前，“bald”在“balloon”之前。

你理解怎样查词典了吗？

词典将是你的好朋友，我希望你在英语学习中尽量经常翻翻词典。

P57（3）

What are middle school students thinking about these days? It’s a word that starts with “s”. Sunshine, swimming, sports… summer, Yes, that’s it, summer, with sunshine, swimming and sports!

Of course, you can try to make this summer a little bit special. It’s not difficult. There are usually a couple of things that you’re been thinking about doing for a long time, but haven’t done yet. When the summer comes, it’s time to do them! For example, you can join spend sports team, go to a park, fly a kite, lie in the grass, or just spend some time with friends.

Summer is a great time to relax and it can also be a great time to have fun and to learn! You can go to a botanical garden and get to know 5 or 6 different plants or flowers. If you have planned for a summer trip with your family, it will be exciting to write down the details of your trip along with your photos. And it you prefer to stay indoors, you can learn to make some easy crafts, such as paper cups, brown paper bags, or cool cards. You can make some birthday gifts to give on your friends’ birthday!

It’s hard to say what is the best way to spend the summer, just do something new that you haven't done before.

现今什么是中学生所想的？有一个以“s”开头的词语。阳光，游泳，运动...夏天，是的，就是这样，夏天，充满阳光，尽情游泳和运动！

当然，你可以尝试使这个夏天特别一点。这并不困难。通常有一两件事是你一直想做，但没做的。夏天来临，正是做它们的时候！例如，你可以参加运动队，去公园，放风筝，躺在草地上，或者只与朋友一起共度。

夏天是一个休闲的好时光，也是一个娱乐和学习的好时光！你可以到植物园，了解5，6种不同的植物或花卉。如果你计划与你的家人一起夏季旅行，用照片记录一些你们的旅行细节，这将是令人兴奋的。如果你喜欢留在家里，你可以学做一些简易工艺品，比如，纸杯，牛皮纸袋，或者酷酷的卡片。你还可以给你朋友做一些生日礼物！

很难说什么是度过夏天的最好方式，只要做一些你以前没做过的新鲜事就行。

P58（4）

There would be a school party on Friday evening. The girls were talking about what they were going to wear.

“I’m going to wear a black dress, so everybody will notice me,” said Emily. “How about you, Linda?”

“I’m not sure. May be jeans, an old skirt, and a hat. People will notice me more than you!” Linda said.

“What are we going to do about the boys?” asked Jane. “Do you remember the last school party last year? They just stood there, and we girls had to by ourselves!”

“I heard that some of the boys learned how to dance better this summer. Maybe it’ll be better this time,” said Mary.

The party was held in Friday evening. Groups of students arrived. The music began. The girls stood in a line in one side, and to boys in another side. Mr. Green, their teacher, tried to get them together, but failed. After a while Tim said, “I don’t want to stand here the whole time. The party is only for two hours. It’ll be over soon.” He started to dance. All the others watched him. Then David asked Emily if she wanted to dance. Then Jack and Linda. Then, all began to dance. Soon there were more dancers then watchers.

星期五晚上将举行一次校园聚会。姑娘们都在谈论她们准备穿些什么。

“我会穿黑色礼服，这样大家会注意我，”埃米莉说， “琳达，你会穿什么？”

“我不清楚。可能是牛仔裤，旧裙子，一顶帽子。与你相比，人们会更注意我！”琳达说。

“说起男生，我们到底要做些什么？”简问。 “你记得去年校园聚会吗？他们只是站在那里，我们女生不得不自娱自乐！”

玛丽说：“我听说，今年夏天男生中的一些人学习了如何更好地跳舞。也许这次情况将会好一点。”

聚会在星期五晚上举行。学生们成群结队而来。音乐响起。女生们站在线的一边，男生站在线的的另一边。他们的老师，格林先生，试图让他们站在一起，但没有成功。过了一会，蒂姆说：“我可不想全部时间里只站在这里。聚会仅仅两个小时。它会很快结束的。 “他开始跳舞。所有的人看着他。接着，大卫邀请埃米莉是否愿意一起跳舞。然后，杰克和琳达。然后，都开始跳舞。不久，起舞者比站观者多了。

P60（5）

At the end of a busy week, I was anxious because I didn’t have a “how to” speech for my class. My ride home was leaving immediately after the class, and I hadn’t packed yet. Then I thought of a solution for both problems.

Rushing back to my room, I threw everything I needed into my traveling bag and ran to class hurriedly. When I was asked to speak, I carried my bag to the front of the room and put it on the table. All the disorderly things in the bag went out suddenly.

“This is not the way to pack a bag,” I said. I then explained the right way to pack clothing and books, showing clearly as I went along. By the time my speech was finished, my traveling bag was packed. I received an “A” for my speech and didn’t miss my ride home.

在一个繁忙的周末，我因为没有准备好题为“如何”的课上发言而发愁。我回家的班车会在课后很快离站的，可我还没有整理完毕。稍顷，我想出了这两个问题的解决方案。

我赶回寝室，我把所需的东西统统塞进旅行包，而后匆匆跑去上课。轮到我发言了，我提着旅行包来到教室前方，再把包放在桌上。包里所有未整理的东西一下子都“跑”了出来。

“这不是收拾行李包的方法，”我说。然后我解释了收拾衣物和书籍的正确的方式，同时我清晰地演示操作。到我发言完毕时，我的旅行包也整理完毕。我的发言得了一个“A”级分，并且没有耽误搭车回家。

P61（6）

Many people go to school for me education. They learn languages, history, politics, geography, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Others go to school to learn skills in order to make a living. School education is very important and useful. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves.

It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to remember some facts or a formula. It is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem. Great scientists before us didn’t get everything from school. Their teachers only showed them the way. Edison didn’t even finish primary school. But they were all so successful. He invented so many things for human being. The reason for their success is that they know how to study. They read books that were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Most important is that they knew how to use their train.

很多人去学校接受教育。他们学习语文，历史，政治，地理，物理，化学和数学。也有部分人去学校学习技能，以便谋生。学校教育是非常重要的，非常实用的。然而，人不可能从学校学到每样东西。一位老师，无论他知道多少知识，都不可能讲授给学生们所想知道的每样东西。教师的工作是给学生讲授如何学习。他讲授如何阅读和如何思考。所以，更多的是由学生自己在校外学习。

知道如何通过自己的研习，比起死记一些事例或公式总是更重要的。其实学习一个历史事件或某一个数学公式很容易。不过运用一个数学公式解答数学问题却是非常困难的。我们面前的科学伟人并不是从学校里学到一切的。他们的老师仅仅给他们讲授读书方法。

爱迪生甚至没有念完小学。但他们都非常成功。他为人类发明了这么多事情的人。他们获得成功的原因是他们知道如何去学习。他们读了不止在学校学到的书籍。他们在阅读的同时还会提出许多问题。他们做过数以千计的实验。他们辛劳一生，没有浪费过一分一秒。最重要的是他们知道如何使用自己的经验。

P63（7）

    “Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to describe a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the world “cool” has had many different meanings.

“Cool” can be used to describe feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say, “It’s cool.” you may think, “He’s so cool”, when you see your favorite footballer.

What's more, you can use “cool” instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”. Here’s an interesting story to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall they had visited. On one student’s paper was just one sentence, “It’s so cool.” maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.

But in fact, many other words can make your life as colorful as the word “cool”. And I think they are also very cool, too.

 “酷”是一个多义词。本义是用来形容一个有点冷的温度。由于时代的发展变化，世间的“酷”已经有许多不同的含义。

“酷”，可以用来描述对几乎所有的东西感兴趣的感觉。当你在街上看到一辆名车时，也许你会说，“这很酷。”，当你看到你喜欢的足球运动员时，你可能认为“他太酷了”。

更重要的是，你可以使用“酷”代替许多词语，如“新”或“令人惊讶”。这里有一个有趣的故事，以显示该单词的使用方式。老师要求学生们就观赏过的瀑布作文。在一个学生的作文里只有一句话，“这太酷了。”也许他觉得这是最好的方式来展示他所看到和感受到的。

但事实上，很多其他词汇也能描述你的生活如同“酷”字一样的丰富多彩。而且我认为他们也非常酷。

P64（8）

Mr. Jenkins is fifty years old. He’s taught math in a middle school for twenty-six years. He works hard and always comes to his office on time. He hopes his students will be honest and he is strict with them. Some of his students have become to him. Of course the man is proud of them.

This term he began to teach Grade One. Some of the new students were told about him, but the others didn’t know about him. On the first day of school he told the students how to be an honest person. He gave them some examples and said, “I don’t like telling a lie.” Before class was over, he told all his students to finish Exercise 8 in Lesson 1.

The next morning, as soon as he came into the classroom, he asked, “Who’s finished Exercise 8 in Lesson 1.”

The students had a look at their workbooks and their faces turned red at once.

詹金斯先生50岁。他在中学执教数学26年了。他工作努力，总是准时上班。他希望他的学生们诚实守信并对他们严格要求。他的学生有的已成为他那样。当然，他为此感到骄傲。

这个学期，他开始教一年级。一些新生听说过他，但其余的都不认识他。在开学第一天，他告诉学生如何做一个诚实守信的人。他给他们举了一些例子，说：“我不喜欢说谎的。”下课之前，他布置全体学生完成第1课练习8。

第二天早晨，他一走进教室就问：“谁完成了第1课练习8。”

学生们看了看他们的作业簿，他们的脸一下子变红了。

P65（9）

      Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”? It is easy to play and most people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument, if someone can play it. You may use a tape-recorder. You can even use a radio.

Put the chairs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos, back to back. A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.

The game is easy. When the music starts, the players walk round the chairs. Every one goes in the same direction, of course. They should walk in time to the music. If the music is fast they should walk quickly. If the music is slow, they should walk slowly.

The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. When the music stops, the players try to sit on the chairs. If a person cannot find a chair to sit on, he drops out. Then, before the music stops again, one more player will be out.

At last, there will be two players and one chair! The one who sits on the chair when the music when the music stops is the winner.

你知道如何玩耍名叫“音乐椅”的游戏吗？这是很容易玩的，大多数人游戏及小部分人播放音乐。如果有人会弹奏，可以使用一架钢琴或任何其他乐器。你也可以使用一个录音机。你甚至可以使用收音机。

把椅子排成一排。椅子需背对背成双摆放。一个更好的办法是把椅子面对面一把挨一把地摆放成一行。

这个游戏是容易玩的。当音乐开始，游戏者轮着椅子转圈。每个人按同一个方向走，当然，他们应该跟着音乐走。如果音乐节奏快，他们应该快走。如果音乐节奏慢，他们应该慢慢走。

播放音乐的人不可以看到游戏中的人。当音乐停止时，游戏者设法坐在椅子上。如果有人不能找到椅子坐下，他就出局了。然后，在音乐停止之前，会有更多的游戏者出局。

最后，将有两名游戏者，一把椅子！当音乐停止时，一个坐到椅子上的人就是赢家。

P66（10）

Chinese children are very obedient. In China, children are taught to obey and respect their parents, teachers and elders. But children is Western counties do not obey every time.

Most parents and teachers in the West expect some bad behavior in children. They expect to see it in teenagers as they are becoming adults.

In China students stand respectfully when they answer questions from the teacher. In the West they don’t stand and often several answer the teacher’s questions at the same time. This sometimes makes the classroom noisy and hard to control. But students in these classrooms can also have good talks about interesting ideas. Not all the ideas come from the teacher.

Is it good to be an obedient child at all times? Do you sometimes feel that your parents are being unfair when they ask you to do something? Perhaps the answer is somewhere between the two days-the Western way and the Chinese way. If you disagree sometimes, it might be a good way to speak out your ideas politely. That was your parents or teachers can listen and perhaps learn to see your point of view. So you can disagree sometimes as long as you do so politely and with respect.

中国孩子很听话。在中国，儿童被教导要服从和尊重他们的父母，老师和长辈。但是西方国家的儿童不都是这样。

在西方大多数家长和老师期望发现孩子们的一些不良行为，他们希望在青少年阶段发现这些，因为孩子们正在成长为成年人。

在中国，当老师提问时，学生需恭敬地站着回答。在西方，学生不必站着，往往会在同时有几个人回答老师的提问。有时候这样会使课堂嘈杂和难以控制。但是，在这些教室里的学生可以对感兴趣的想法作活跃的讨论。并非所有的观点都来自于老师。

在任何时候都听话的孩子是一个好孩子吗？当你父母要求你做某事，有时候你会感觉到他们的要求不太公平吗？也许答案是介于上述两种，中国式和西方式。如果有时候你不同意，有礼貌地说出你的想法可能是一个好的方式。这样，你的父母或老师听过后，也许能采纳你的观点。因此，只要你这样，有礼貌地和尊重地行事，有时候你可以持不同意见。

P68（11）

Jack went to school to study history. But when he finished his first year, he didn’t pass the exam and the teacher said to him, “You have to leave school.”

When the boy’s father heard the news, he was worried. He came to the school to see the teacher. He found the teacher in the office and asked the teacher to let Jack study in school the next year.

“He is a good boy. He always does well in history.” said Jack’s father, “He will do better next year and pass the exam.”

“No, no, that is not right!” answered the teacher, “Last month I asked him, 'When did Napoleon die?’ and he didn’t know.”

“Please sir, give him another chance,” said Jack’s father, “You know we don’t have any newspapers in our house, so nobody on our family knew that Napoleon was ill.”

杰克去学校学习历史。但是，当他学完了第一年，他没有通过考试，老师对他说：“你必须退学。”

当男孩的父亲听到这个消息，他担心起来。他来到学校见老师。他在办公室里见到了老师，并请求老师让杰克明年能在学校学习。

“他是一个好孩子。他学历史一直很认真。”杰克的父亲说，“明年他会更努力，并通过考试。“

“不，不，不是这样！”老师回答说：“上个月，我问他，'拿破仑什么时候死的？'，而他不知道。”

“对不起，老师，再给他一次机会吧，”杰克的父亲说，“要知道在我们家里没有任何报纸，所以我们家没有人知道拿破仑病了。”

P69（12）

A middle school organized a “No TV Week” programme. All the teachers, parents and students worked together for this programme and most of them found it to be a very good one. The headmaster said, “The idea was not to stop watching TV completely but for the students just to find how much time they watch TV and try to use this time for other things.”

What did the students say about this “No TV Week”? One boy said, “I can’t believe I haven’t watched TV for a week, but it’s been fun doing it. ”A girl student said, “I’m going to give up all TV programme except for 'Our Animal World’ and other language-teaching programme. I’m really pleased that I have more time to do things like walking and thinking. I enjoy this 'No TV Week’ very much……”But not all the students thought it was good. Here one student said something different, “I don’t like 'No TV Week’ because I like watching TV. I have lots of favourite programmes and I don’t want to miss them. But we have to do it.”

一所中学组织了一次“无电视周”活动。所有的老师，家长和学生一起参与其中，大部分参与者发现这是一个非常好的活动。校长说：“这个想法不是完全禁止学生观看电视，而是为了调查他们多少时间用于看电视，并尝试使用这些时间做其他事情。”

有关这个“无电视周”学生们说了些什么呢？一个男生说：“真不敢相信我一个星期没有看过电视，但我一直乐在其中。”一个女生说：“除了'我们的动物世界'和其他语言教学节目，我将放弃所有的电视节目。我真的很高兴，我有更多的时间做其它事情，比如散步和思考。我非常喜欢这个'无电视周'... ... ”但是，并非所有的学生都认为这是好的。这里有位学生说了一些不同的看法，“我不喜欢'无电视周'，因为我喜欢看电视。我有很多十分喜爱的节目，我不想错过它们。但是，我们不得不这样做。”

P70（13）

When you are reading something in English, you may often come across a new word. What’s the best way to know it?

You may look it up in the English-Chinese Dictionary. It will tell you a lot about the word: the pronunciation, the part of speech, the Chinese meaning and also how to use this word. But how can you know where the word is in thousands of English words? How to find it in the dictionary both quickly and correctly?

First, all the English words are arranged in the alphabetical order. In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with the letter A, then B, C, D, E… That means if there are two words “desert” and “pull”, “desert” will be certainly before “pull”. Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the fourth…For example, “pardon” is before “plough”, “judge” before “just”, etc.

Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary?

The dictionary will be your good friend. I hope you’ll use it as often as possible in your English learning.

当你在看英文读物时。你可能会经常碰到生词。认生词的最佳方法是什么呢？

你可以查英汉词典。词典会告诉你这个词的内容：语音，一部分引语，中文意义，以及如何使用这个词。但是你如何在成千上万的英语单词中查找这个词呢？如何快速在词典中找到它呢？

首先，所有的英文单词按字母顺序排列。在词典中，您可以先看到以字母A开头的单词，然后是B, C, D, E...这意味着，如果有两个单词“desert”和“pull”，“desert”将肯定在“pull”之前，如果有两个单词都以相同的字母开头，你可以看第二个字母。依此类推，看第三个，

看第四个......例如，“pardon”在“plough”之前，“judge”在“just”之前。

你理解怎样查词典了吗？

词典将是你的好朋友，我希望你在英语学习中尽量经常翻翻词典。

P72（14）

A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day. You may not pass an exam if you don’t work hard for most time and then work hard only a few days before the exam.

If you are taking an English exam, do not only learn rules of grammar. Try to read stories in English and speak English whenever you can.

Before you start the exam, read carefully over the question paper. Try to understand the exact meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write. When you have at last finished your exam, read over your answer. Correct the mistakes if there are any and make sure that you have not missed anything out.

一个通过考试的好方法是每天认真学习。如果你大部分时间不认真学习，只在考试前几天突击，你不大可能通过考试的。

如果你正面临英语考试，不是仅仅只去复习语法规则。尝试阅读英文故事，只要你能就朗读出来。     在你考试开头时，仔细阅读试卷上的问题。在你动笔答题之前，尝试了解每个问题确切含义。当你考试结束时，复查你的答案，如果有错误就纠正，并确认你没有遗漏答题。

P73（15）

All students need to have good study habits. When you have good study habits, you learn things quickly. You also remember them easily.

Do you like to study in the living room? This is not a good place, because it is usually too noisy. You need to study in a quiet place, like bedroom. A quiet place will help you only to think about one thing.

When you study, do not think about other things at the same time. Only think about your homework. If you do this, you will do your homework more quickly, and you will make fewer mistakes.

Good study habits are very important. If you do not have them, try to learn them. If yours are already good, try to make them better.

所有学生应该养成良好的学习习惯。当你养成了良好的学习习惯，你学习新事物会很快，还很容易记忆。

你喜欢在客厅里学习吗？这不是一个合适的地方，因为那地方太吵杂了。你需要一个安静的地方学习，比如卧室。一个安静的地方会帮助你只去想一件事。

当你学习时，在同一时间不要考虑其他的事情。只去关注你的功课。如果你这样做，你做功课会更快，也会少犯错误。良好的学习习惯是非常重要的。如果你没有，尽量培养起来。如果你已经很好了，尽量做得更好。

P74（16）

    There should be no weekend homework for us. Five days given to school are enough for the modern students, who have many other interests. With homework for Sunday, when can we find time to help around the house, join in a football or basketball game or a good film, or just rest? Because of all these other activities, weekend homework in usually not done until Sunday night. It is often done so poorly that on Monday teachers scold the whole class of students who have no idea of what the learned lessons are about. Without homework for the weekends, students could go to school on Monday well rested and willing to study. Teachers, don’t you agree with us?

对我们而言应该没有周末的家庭作业。现在的学生5天时间在学校已足够，学生们还有很多其他兴趣。如果有星期日功课，我们什么时候可以有时间去帮着做家务，去参加一个足球比赛或一个篮球比赛或去看一场好电影，或者就去休息呢？由于所有这些其他活动，周末功课通常直到周日晚上才完成。这样往往是草草了事的，以至于星期一老师责骂全班学生对所学的东西一点也不懂。如果没有周末功课，学生们星期一上学能精神饱满和更有求知欲。老师，你是否赞同呢？

[ have no idea of  对...一点也不知道, 完全不知道 ]

 [have not the slightest idea of  对...一点也不知道, 完全不知道 ]

P75 (17)

In China today, computers are very popular. Many people, men and women, old and young, want to learn computer.

In many schools there are computer classrooms. Computers are very useful. For example, students can do their mathematics with a computer. The computer writes questions on the screen in front of the students, and the students answer on their keyboards.

Students can also learn a foreign language with a computer. The computer giver lessons in pronunciation, grammar and the correct usage of words and phrases.

Students know a lot about computer now. For example, they can use Basic to make up some useful programmes. They can use WPS to write compositions, and they can also use Foxbase to set up data.

在今天的中国，电脑很受欢迎。很多人想学习电脑，其中包括男人和妇女，老人和年轻人。

在很多学校有电脑教室。电脑是非常有用的。例如，学生们可以使用电脑做数学题。在学生们面前，电脑屏幕显示题目，学生们通过键盘输入答题。

学生们还可以使用电脑学习一门外语。电脑提供的课程包括语音，语法，词汇和短语的正确用法。

现在学生们了解到很多有关电脑的知识。例如，他们可以使用Basic语言编写一些有用的程序。他们可以使用WPS写作文，他们还可以使用Foxbase建立数据库。

P76 (18)

Most dictionaries will tell you a number of things about a language. There are three important things. These three things are spelling, pronunciation and meanings.

First, a dictionary will tell you the spelling of a word. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c and so on. For example, on a dictionary page the word “poor”-p, o, o, r-comes before “poverty”-p, o, v, e, r, t, y-and the word “poverty” comes before the word “power”-p, o, w, e, r. The words are always given in alphabetical order.

The second thing, a dictionary will tell you pronunciation. Most dictionaries give phonetic or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you how a word in pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation.

The third thing, a dictionary will tell you the meanings of words. You can look up a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, good dictionary will tell you all of the word’s meanings. For example, in English the common word “get” has over 20 different meanings.

大多数字典会告诉你有关语言的一系列内容。有三个重要的方面。这三个方面是拼写，发音和含义。

首先，字典会告诉你一个单词的拼写。如果你不能确定一个单词的拼写，你可以尝试在词典中查到正确的拼写。单词是按字母顺序a, b, c等排列的。例如，在字典页面上，单词 “poor” -p, o, o, r列在单词“poverty”-p, o, v, e, r, t, y之前，单词“poverty”列在单词“power”-p, o, w, e, r之前。单词一定是按字母顺序排列的。

第二点，字典会告诉你发音。大多数字典注明语音或声音字母。语音拼写会告诉你单词如何去发音。还有几个不同的语音字母。许多字典使用国际音标显示发音。

第三点，字典会告诉你单词的含义。你可以查找一个单词，并找出它的意思。许多单词有多个意义，高阶的字典会告诉你这个词的全部含义。例如，普通单词“get”在英语里拥有超过20种不同的含义。

P78 (19)

Many people always say that listening to spoken English is too hard for them. But if you don’t understand what people are saying, how can you talk with them? It may he difficult, but learning by listening is necessary. It can be done.

As we know, different people have different pronunciations of the same word. Standard pronunciation is important for English speaking as well as for listening. In China, people from one area may not understand what people from another area are saying because of the different Chinese dialects. Standard Chinese pronunciation can help people from different places understand each other easily.

It is the same with English. If your pronunciation is not standard, it is as hard for other people to understand you as it is for you to understand them.

If you want to learn how to listen to English, the following ways are helpful.

Get some good books with tapes. Do the exercises, from the simple to the difficult, step by step.

You can also watch English-language films, listen to English-language radio and TV programmers.

Try to listen every day, even if only for a few minutes. At first you may understand few words. Don’t give up. Just listen.

Remember to read and speak English every day. It will help you to listen better. Everyday, spend an hour reading English. Finally you will notice that you’re making progress.

Talk to English-speaking foreigners as often as possible. Foreigners will speak more slowly with you, use simple words, and use body language to help you understand them. Don’t be afraid to talk to them. They won’t mind because they may have more trouble making themselves understood in Chinese.

很多人都说英语听说太难了。但是，如果你不明白别人说什么，你怎么能与他们交谈呢？这可能是困难的，但是通过听来学习是必要的。这是可以做到。

我们知道，不同的人对同一个词有不同的发音。标准的发音对英语听说而言一样是重要的。在中国，来自某一地区的人可能因为不同的中国方言而不明白来自另一地区的人在说什么。标准的中文发音可以帮助来自不同地区的人很容易相互理解。

这一点是与英国相同的。如果你的发音不标准，就很难让他人理解你，同样很难让你了解他们。

如果您想学习如何听英语，以下方法是有帮助的。

获取几本带有磁带的好教材。做练习，从易到难，一步一步来。

你也可以看英语电影，收听英语广播和收看英语电视节目。

尝试每天听，哪怕只是仅仅几分钟。起初你可能只明白几句话。不要放弃。继续听下去。

请记住每天说英语，读英语。这将帮助你提高听力。每天花一个小时读英语。最后你会感觉到自己正在进步。

尽可能经常与以英语为母语的老外对话。老外会和你说得很慢，用简单的话，用身体语言来帮助你理解。不要怕与他们交谈。他们不会介意的，因为他们若用中文理解可能会有更多的麻烦。

P80 (20)

Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, and in particular their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and them they can only go to their friends for advice.

It is very important for teenagers to have one good friends or a circle of friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members.

However, parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one. Have you ever thought of the following questions?

Who chooses you friends?

Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?

Have you got a good friend your parents don’t like?

Your answers are welcome.

许多青少年觉得，在他们生活中最重要的人是他们的朋友。他们认为，他们的家庭成员，特别是他们的父母，不如他们的朋友们那样理解他们。在大家庭中，兄弟姐妹互相争吵的事频繁发生，而他们只有去他们的朋友那里倾诉。

对青少年而言，有一个好朋友或一个朋友圈，是很重要的。即使他们不在一起的时候，他们之间往往花很多时间在电话上交谈。在儿童的成长过程中，这种沟通是非常重要的，因为朋友们可以谈的事，很难与他们的家庭成员谈。

不过，家长们往往试图为孩子选择他们的朋友。有些家长甚至阻止孩子与他们的好朋友见面。“选择”的问题是一个有趣的问题。你有没有思考过下列问题？

谁选择你的朋友？

你选择过朋友或你的朋友选择过你吗？

你有没有一个你的父母不喜欢的好朋友吗？

欢迎你的回答。

*【英译中练习 欢迎指正】