地板姐的歌:unit5必修6

独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

用法点拨： 独立主格结构基本构成形式：

名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）　

Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.

黑夜笼罩着大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.

由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.

他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

【即学即练】

单项填空

The robber was brought to the judge,______.

A. with his hands were fast tied

B. his hands to be fast tied

C. his hands fast tied

D. his hand having been fast tied

解析:选C。独立主格结构是以短语的形式作定语或状语。“his hands fast tied”是一个由“名词+过去分词”构成的独立结构，这种结构的名词后还可以接介词短语等，在句中通常作状语。

1. _______ (receive) her letter for a long time, I phoned her to see what was wrong.

2. _______(accept) as a member of the company, he took over the job of the former secretary.

3. Nobody can imagine her_______（do）such an awful thing.

4. Charles Babbage is generally considered_______ (invent)the first computer.

5.  Always acting in a strange manner, Einstein must_______ (appear) to people around to be mad.

答案：1. Not having received    2. having been accepted

3. doing   4. to invent  5. have appeared

Ⅳ.单项填空

1. Although different in many ways, the British and the Americans_______  many of the same customs.

A. make     B. take   C. share    D. give

解析：选C。 词义辨析题。share的意思是“共同有”，其他答案没有此意。

2. Grades would_______from one or two，for outstanding or excellent，to six or seven，for poor or very poor.

A. suffer    B. differ   C. come   D. range

解析：选D。考查动词辨析。suffer from遭受，忍受；differ from与……不同；come from来自于；range from延伸。

3. _______ the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves.

A. Whatever difficult      B. How difficult

C. However difficult        D. No matter what difficult

解析：选C。句意为：不管问题有多难，我们都要独立解决。difficult为形容词，因此用how修饰，表示程度；however在这里没有转折的意思，相当于no matter how，因此答案为C。

4. Dark glasses are sometimes worn_______ tothe eyes from strong sunlight.

A. prevent    B. care   C. defend   D. protect

解析：选D。protect...from意为“保护……不受伤害”；prevent...from意为“阻止……发生”。

5. There are twenty-eight classes in our school，_______over 56 students.

A. with each has        B. each having

C. which there are    D. with each that has

解析：选B。 考查独立主格结构。两个句子之间有逗号隔开时，有四种表达形式：1)两个句子之间有并列连词；2)两个句子之间有从属连词；3)把其中一个句子改成非谓语动词的形式；4)改成独立主格结构的形式。此题中A项with是个介词，故要把has改为having的形式；C项要改成where there are的形式；D项表达不正确。

6. Though the girl______  to learn Japanese, she couldn’t catch up with her classmates.

A. made effort             B. made all her efforts

C. took every effort     D. gave her efforts

解析：选B。 make all ones efforts为固定搭配，意为“尽某人全力”。

7. Mr Green thinks that, _______ the situation would have got worse.

A. if not dealing with carefully

B. if having nor dealt with

C. if not having been dealt with carefully

D. if having not been dealt with carefully

解析：选C。句中插入的条件状语从句为省略句，是现在分词完成时被动式的否定形式。 否定词应置于分词之前。

8. Mr. Smith was _______ flight to New York  he remembered he had taken all the family’s keys to the doors with him.

A. at; while               B. on; when

C. at a; when            D. on a; when  

解析：选D。考查了表示“在飞行中”的介词短语on a flight；同时又考查了“...when...”结构，表示“就在这时”。when在本题中的意思相当于and just then，不可以用其他词代替。

9. Jumping out of_______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_______exciting experience.

A. /; the   B. /; an   C. an; an     D. the; the

解析：选C。第一空用an表示一类；第二空用an表示“一次（兴奋的经历）”。

10. I thought Mr Smith has been_______  to get back to work.

A. so well   B. so good   C. well enough   D. good enough

解析：选C。考查固定搭配。enough to do意为“足够……以至于”；well在这里是形容词，指“身体好”；good是形容词，但不合题意。

11. —I hear Tom_______playing games recently.

      —_______no wonder he is easy to feel sleepy in class.

A. is addicted to；There is        B. addicts；There is

C. addicts；It is                          D. is addicted to；It is

14. The Chinese are looking forward to the first_______to land on the moon after launching the  lunar exploration satellite，ChangeⅡ，successfully.

A. measure    B. attempt   C. purpose   D. desire

解析：选B 。attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事，符合句意。

15. When_______different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared  B. being compared C. comparing  D. having compared

解析：选C。此处是连词when＋分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句，但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处从句的主语是we，compare这个动作是we主动进行的，应用现在分词表示。