112512 193:linux 内核模块的helloWorld

linux 内核模块的helloWorld

我的linux版本是Fedora14。

要进行下面步骤之前请保证你的系统安装了内核的devel包和header包，

命令是：

yum install kernel-headers-$(uname -r)

yum install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)

helloWorldLKM.c代码:

#include
#include

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

static int hello_init(void)
{
    printk(KERN_ALERT "Hello, world\n");
    return 0;
}

static void hello_exit(void)
{
    printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye, cruel world\n");
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

完了之后在此目录下建立Makefile文件，内容如下：

obj-m := helloWorldLKM.o
KDIR  := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD   := $(shell pwd)

default:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

如果你不写Makefile的话，以下命令有参考价值：

#make –C /lib/modules/’uname –r’/build M=’pwd’ modules

#make –C /lib/modules/’uname –r’/build M=’pwd’ clean

#make –C /lib/modules/’uname –r’/build M=’pwd’ modules_install

分别是编译，清除一些中间生成文件，加载模块。

执行make，输出如下：

make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35.13-91.fc14.i686/build M=/home/xiemingming modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.35.13-91.fc14.i686'
  CC [M]  /home/xiemingming/helloWorldLKM.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC      /home/xiemingming/helloWorldLKM.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/xiemingming/helloWorldLKM.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.35.13-91.fc14.i686'

生成了下列文件：

[root@MyFedora excalibur]# ls hello*
helloWorldLKM.c  helloWorldLKM.ko  helloWorldLKM.mod.c  helloWorldLKM.mod.o  helloWorldLKM.o

查看可加载模块信息

[root@MyFedora excalibur]# modinfo helloWorldLKM.ko
filename:       helloWorldLKM.ko
license:        GPL
srcversion:     471D708B0804FE26B554DB1
depends:       
vermagic:       2.6.35.13-91.fc14.i686 SMP mod_unload 686

加载内核模块

[root@MyFedora excalibur]# sudo insmod helloWorldLKM.ko

查看当前内核加载模块

[root@MyFedora excalibur]# lsmod|grep hello
helloWorldLKM            664  0

移除加载的内核模块

[root@MyFedora excalibur]# rmmod helloWorldLKM

查看日志信息
[root@MyFedora excalibur]# tail -f /var/log/messages
May 12 22:39:20 MyFedora abrtd: Directory 'ccpp-1305211160-2402' creation detected
May 12 22:39:20 MyFedora abrtd: Crash is in database already (dup of /var/spool/abrt/ccpp-1304198487-2047)
May 12 22:39:20 MyFedora abrtd: Deleting crash ccpp-1305211160-2402 (dup of ccpp-1304198487-2047), sending dbus signal
May 12 22:40:11 MyFedora pulseaudio[1724]: ratelimit.c: 197 events suppressed
May 12 22:42:13 MyFedora pulseaudio[1724]: ratelimit.c: 196 events suppressed
May 12 22:45:41 MyFedora pulseaudio[1724]: ratelimit.c: 196 events suppressed
May 12 22:45:47 MyFedora kernel: [  942.291550] Hello, world
May 12 22:46:12 MyFedora pulseaudio[1724]: ratelimit.c: 172 events suppressed
May 12 22:46:17 MyFedora pulseaudio[1724]: ratelimit.c: 196 events suppressed
May 12 22:46:18 MyFedora kernel: [  973.214438] Goodbye, cruel world
May 12 22:46:43 MyFedora pulseaudio[1724]: ratelimit.c: 196 events suppressed
^Z
[3]+  Stopped                 tail -f /var/log/messages

参考：http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/build-linux-kernel-module-against-installed-kernel-source-tree.html

http://oss.org.cn/kernel-book/ldd3/ch02s02.html

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel

以及最重要的linux源码目录下的linux/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt