二战德国影片:英语主从复合句重难点讲练

英语主从复合句重难点讲练

I． 定语从句

(I)用关系代词还是用关系副词（where /when /that /which /why）

1） A: I still remember the day_________ he saved my child.

        B:I still remember the day _________ we spent together.

2） A: Pisa is a city _________ there is a leaningtower.

        B: Pisa is a city, _________has a leaning tower.

3） A: The reason ________ she gave isunbelievable.

    B: The reason ________ he refused her isnot known.

(II).  that引导的定语从句与同位语从句

     The news that they had succeeded inspired us greatly.

     The news that they told us yesterday proved wrong.

that在强调句与定语从句中的运用。

1） A: It was at the theater_________ Lincolnwas murdered.

         B:It was the theater _________ Lincolnwas murdered.

2） A: It was on Oct.1st,1949_________ the People’s Republic of China wasfounded.

　       B: It was Oct. 1st, 1949 _________ the People’s Republic of China was founded

(III).定语从句修饰表语与表语从句

1)     Isthe company where he worked nearyour hospital?

Is the company theone where he worked?

   Isthe company where he worked?

2） A. that         B. in which      C. the one      D. where

  Is this the factory __________ you visitedlast year?

Is this factory __________ you visitedlast year?

(IV).定语从句与结果状语从句

     A. as             B. such         C. that           D. which

It is so heavy a box __________ no onecan lift it.

     It is so heavy a box __________ no one canlift.

     He made such rapid progress thatbefore long he began to write articles in English.

(V).定语从句中部分句子（名词、代词、数词）放在关系词前的情况

     The committeeconsists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women.

     The book contains 50 poems, most ofwhich were written in 1930’s.

     There are two left, one of which isalmost finished and the other of which is not quite.

   ＊ 有时whose 可用of which, of whom 代替，比较下面两组句子

      The river whose banks are covered with treesflows to the sea.

      The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.

The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.

     ＊ 但of which 所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词或另有其他限定词(the除外)，不可改为“whose…”

     e.g. There are six possibilities, everyone of which involves difficulty.

 (VI). whose 引导的定语从句，既可指人又可指物。whose还常在定语从句中同it连用，it起形式主语的作用，表示强调。例如：

     This is the building whose windows wereall painted green.

        A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.

        A teacher is a person whose duty it is toteach.

(VII). 介词+whom/which + to do

     She is a pleasant girl with whom to work. （介词在前时，whom和which不可省略）

     She is a pleasant girl to work with. （介词在句尾时，whom和which必须省略）

 (VIII). 定语从句与先行词隔裂的情况

    He won’t live long who smokes three or four packs of cigarette every day formany years.

    She asked the boy to stay at home who had been ill for a long time.

   Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.

II． 状语从句

1．   where引导的状语从句与定语从句、宾语从句的区别。

1）Do you know where he is? (宾语)

2）You should putthe book where it was. / Where thereis a will, there is a way. (状语)

3）You should putthe book in the place where it was.(定语)

2．   when 和before引导的句子位于句末时，有特殊的含义。

The war lastedfour years before the north won inthe end.

I was aboutto leave when the telephonerang.

I wasreading in my study when thetelephone rang.

  3. whether和 if 的用法区别

      1)  if 表示“如果”可引导条件状语从句

      2）if和whether 都表示“是否”，下列情况下只用whether

l        主从、表从、同位从

l        whetherto do (or not)

l        discuss和介词后

       e.g. The question whether to go or stayis still undecided.

          It depends on whether he is at home.

          We discussed whether we should sendthe students to the conference.

III． 名词性从句

名词性从句与定语从句的比较  

 A. that         B. what        C. which         D. why       E. this

1)     _________ worried her was that her hair was turninggrey.

2)     Her hair wasturning grey. This was _________ she was worried about.

      Her hair was turning grey. This was _________was worrying

      Herhair was turning grey. This was _________ she was a bit worried.

3)  Her hair was turning grey. Thiswas the reason ________ she was a bit worried.

4)  Her hair was turning grey,________ worried her a bit.

5)  Her hair was turning grey, and__________ worried her a bit.

6)  The fact _________ her hair wasturning grey worried her a bit.

7)  The reason ________ he was absentwas ________ he had left for Shanghai.

       He told me what had happened to him.

        Hetold me all that had happenedto him.

      ＊what 不能引导定语从句；宾语从句中的what相当于sth+ that/which引导的定语从句

  2．主语从句的疑问词选用

      What these factorieshave caused is quite clear.

That these factorieshave caused a lot of pollution isquite clear.

      ＊that引导的主语从句在从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。

      Whether these factories can reduce the pollution remains a question.

      Why these factories have caused so muchpollution remains a question.

      Whoever finds ways toreduce the pollution should be highly praised.

  3.  who 和 whoever 在引导主语从句时的差别

      1) _________ will go is not important.

      2) _________ leaves the room last oughtto turn off the lights.   (97高考)

      ＊who仅仅是它所引导的主语从句中的主语；而whoever不仅是它所引导的从句的主语，而且还是整个句子的主语（相当于theperson who）。

  4.  whatever(who/which/when/where/how + ever) 等词的用法

   1) It is generally considered unwise to givea child whatever he or she wants.(名词性从句)

   2) ___________, Mother will wait for him tohave dinner together.

     A. However late is he      B. However he is late

     C. Howeveris he late      D. However late he is（让步状语从句=no matter +疑问词）

   3）Hemay go wherever he wants. （when/where +ever还可引导时间或地点状语从句）

巩固练习

(  ) 1. _______________, I’m sure he is honest.

A. Whatever people say                B. What people say

C. No matter people say                D. It doesn’t matter people say

(  ) 2. He is the student __________ you thinkto be worthy of our praise.

      A.who           B.whom           D.he             D. him

(  ) 3. Eat _____ you like and leave the othersfor _____ comes in late.

A. any; who  B. everything; whoever  C. whichever; whoever  D. anything, anyone

(  ) 4. We made a decision ___________ therewould be rain, we should stay at home.

A. that           B. if                C. that if          D. whether

(  ) 5. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．

A. where        B.there            C. here where         D. where there

(  ) 6. ____________ the rain has stopped, let’scontinue to work.

A. For            B. Now that         C. That            D. Because

(  ) 7. That warmhearted woman often helps__________ is in trouble.

      A. who            B. whom         C. whoever         D. whomever

( ) 8. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entranceexamination.
A. whether         B.if             C. that           D. how

( ) 9. The true value of life is not in ______, but in _______.
A. which we get; what give we          B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give     D. how we get; that we give

(  ) 10. Sarah hopes to become a friend of______ shares her interests.
A. anyone         B. whomever     C. whoever       D. no matter who

(  ) 11. The difficulty lies______ we have no money.

A. in the factwhich  B. in which       C. that          D. in the fact that

(  ) 12. I’m going away ________ she will go isup to her to decide.

       A. if or not        B. whether or not   C. that if         D. which

(  ) 13. They did not get married for a month____________ they quarreled with each other.

       A. until           B. unless         C. before         D. although

(  ) 14. ____________, she knows a lot.

____________, but she knows a lot.

A. She is a child                    B. For she is a child

C. Child as she is                   D.She being a child

(  ) 15. Mr. Smith is one of those foreignerswho _________ working in China.

Mr. Smith is the one of those foreignerswho __________ working in China.

       A.is             B.have          C.has            D.are

(  ) 16. _____________, we all went to the park.

       _____________, and we all went to the park.

       A. Being a fine day                  B. Because the find day

       C. It was a fine day                  D. It being a fine day

(  ) 17. _________ we all know, China, is richin natural resource.

       _________ is well-known that China is richin natural resources.

       _________ is well-known, China is richin natural resources.

       A. Which          B. As           C. It           D. That